Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

S2 Biomechanics > Mid-Lower Cervical > Flashcards

Mid-Lower Cervical Flashcards

1
Q

Uncinate Processes

  • what
  • where
  • clinical significance
A 
lateral "hooks"
-superior aspect of vertebral body
uncovertebral joints
-pseudo joints
-limits lateral flexion
significance
-degenerative changes and compressive forces may lead to nerve root impingement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

articular processes

  • other name
  • what type of joint
  • formed by
  • orientation
  • function
A 
facet joints
type
-flat plane synovial facet joints
formed by
-superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae
oblique orientation
guides vertebral motion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

C2 facet orientation

A

20 degree orientation to the horizontal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

C3-C7 facet orientation

A

45 degrees to the horizontal and frontal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

flexion C2-C7

  • how much
  • motion follows _____ plane created by _____
  • facets slide ____
  • limited by
A 
35-40
motion follows oblique plane created by facets in the apophyseal joints
facets slide "open"
limited by
-posterior structures
--PLL
--ligamentum nuchae
--interspinous ligaments
--muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

extension C2-C7

  • how much
  • facets _____ in the _____ direction
  • limited by
A 
55-60
facets "close" in the posterior direction
limited by
-anterior structures
--ALL
-approximation of apophyseal joints
-muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

lateral flexion C2-C7

  • how much
  • superior facet movement
A

35-40
superior facet arthrokinematics
-ipsilateral side slide inferior and posteriorly
-contralateral side slide superior and anteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

axial rotation C2-C7

  • how much
  • inferior facet movement ipsilateral and contralateral
A

30-35
ipsilateral
-inferior facet slides posteriorlyand slightly inferior the ipsilateral side of rotation
contralateral
-inferior facet slides anteriorly and slightly superior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

spinal coupling C2-C7

-what happens

A

lateral flexion and axial rotation are coupled ipsilaterally
example
-right lateral flexion occurs with a small amount of right axial rotation
controversial topic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how many degrees of lordosis should you have in the cervical spine

A

30-35

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

interbody joints

  • location
  • types of joints
A

located from C2C3 to L5S1
synarthrodial joints
-cartilaginous
-permit slight to no amount of movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

interbody joints

  • each joint is composed of…
  • function
A 
composed of
-intervertebral disc
-vertebral endplates
-adjacent vertebral bodies
function
-optimizes function of the spine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

facet joint surfaces C2-C7

A

45 degrees between the horizontal and frontal planes
“shingles on a roof”
allows for motion in all 3 planes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

arthrokinematics of C2-C7 flexion/extension

-total amount of movement

A

flexion
-inferior facts of the superior vertebrae slide superiorly and anteriorly
-35-40
extension
-inferion facts of the superior vertebrae slide posteriorly and inferiorly
-55-60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what prevents hyperflexion in the C-spine

A 
ligaments
-ligamentum nuchae
-PLL
-interspinous
muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what prevents hyperextension in the C-spine

A

ALL
muscles
trachea

17
Q

arthrokinematics during protraction

  • what happens acutely
  • what happens if you are there for an extended period of time
A 
sagittal plane motion
head translates forward
-mid-lower cervical spine flexes
-upper cervical spine extends
extended time
-leads to forward head posture
-stress/strain on joints and muscles
18
Q

arthrokinematics during retraction

A

head translates posteriorly

  • mid-lower cervical spine extends
  • upper cervical spine flexes
19
Q

arthrokinematics of lateral flexion

A 
frontal plane motion
30-35 degrees each side
inferior facet of superior vertebrae slides inferior and slightly posteriorly on the ipsilateral side and superior and slightly anteriorly on the contralateral side
the ipsilateral side
-facets downslide aka close
contralateral side
-facets upslide aka gap
20
Q

arthrokinematics of rotation

A

horizontal plane motion
30-35 degrees on each side
total ROM 65-75 degrees on each side
inferior facet on the superior vertebrae slides posteriorly and slightly inferiorly on the same side as the rotation and anteriorly and slightly superiorly on the opposite side of rotation
rotation is greatest in the most cranial segments
-facet orientation changes as you reach the T-spine

21
Q

what position at the AO joint creates a posterior glide

A

flexion

22
Q

what position would you place the AO joint in to create a maximal anterior glide of the left occipital condyle

A

extension

ipsilateral lateral flexion

23
Q

cervical musculature deep muscles

-functions

A

local stabilizers of the spine
attach directly to vertebrae
control intersegmental motion (stiffens)
control the position of the vertebrae

24
Q

longus capitis and colli functions

A

“dynamic” anterior longitudinal ligament
vertical stability
key muscles in cervical rehabilitation

25
Q

cervical spine superficial muscles functions

A

global muscles
larger torque producing muscles
transfer and balance external loads during movements

26
Q

with forward head posture, what happens at the

  • TMJ
  • upper cervical spine
  • mid-lower cervical spine
A

TMJ

-

27
Q

effects of aging

A 
recurrent loads over time change morphology
vertebral bone changes
-reduction in trabeculae
-challenges system to withstand loads
vertebral disc changes
-loss of proteoglycans --> reduced water content
-l;oss of elastin
osteophytes
long term effects from diseases

S2 Biomechanics (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions