Upper Body Muscles Flashcards
Supraspinatus
Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Abducts humerus
Prime Mover: Abduction
Infraspinatus
Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Lateral rotation of humerus
Prime Mover: Outward Rotation, Hor. Extension
Teres minor
Origin: Lateral border of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Lateral rotation of humerus
Prime Mover: Outward rotation, Hor. Extension
Subscapularis
Origin: Subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: Medial rotation of humerus
Prime Mover: Inward Rotation
Deltoid
Origin: Clavicle and scapula
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: Abducts humerus
Prime Mover:
Anterior : Flextion; Hor. Flexion
Middle: Abduction; Hor. Extension
Posterior: Hor. Extension
Coracobrachialis
Origin: Coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: Medial margin of humerus shaft
Action: Adducts and flexes humerus
Prime Mover: Hor. Flexion
Teres major
Origin: Inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus (medial lip)
Action: Extends, adducts, medially rotates humerus
Prime Mover: Extension; Adduction; Internally rotate
Latissimus dorsi
Origin: Spinous processes of lower thoracic, and all lumbar vertebrea, ribs 8-12, and lumbrodorsal fascia
Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus
Action: Extens, adducts, medially rotates humerus
Prime Mover: Extension; Adduction
Pectoralis Major
Origin: Ribs 2-4, body of sternum, and inferior medial clavicle
Insertion: Greater tubercle and inter tubercular groove of humerus (lateral lip)
Action: Flexes, adducts, medially rotates humerus
Prime Mover: Flexion; Extension; Adduction; Hor. Flexion
Pectoralis Minor
Origin: Ventral surfaces of ribs 3-5
Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula
Action: Depresses, protracts, downward rotates of SG (Elevates ribs if
Prime Mover: Depression, Abduction, downward rotation
Subclavius
Origin: First rib
Insertion: Clavicle (inferior border)
Action: Depresses and protracts scapula
Prime Mover: Depression
Levator Scapulae
Origin: Transverse processes of first 4 cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Vertebral border of scapula (near superior angle)
Action: Elevates scapula
Prime Mover: Elevation
Rhomboids major
Origin: Spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Vertebral border of scapula (spine to inferior angle)
Action: Adducts and downward rotates scapula
Prime Mover: Elevation; Adduction; Downward Rotation
Rhomboids minor
Origin: Spinous processes of C7-T1 vertebrae
Insertion: Vertebral border of scapula (near spine)
Action: Adducts and downward rotates scapula
Prime Mover: Elevation; Adduction; Downward rotation
Serratus anterior
Origin: Anterior, superior margins of ribs of ribs 1-9
Insertion: Anterior surface of scapula, vertebral border
Action: Protracts and upward rotates scapula
Prime Mover: Abduction; Upward rotation
Trapezius
Origin: Occipital bone, ligaments niche, and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Clavicla and scapula (acromion and spine)
Action: Heads 1 + 2: elevate Head 2: Upward rotates Head 3: Adducts Head 4: Depresses
Prime Mover: 1: Elevation; 2:Elevation and Upward rotation; 3: Adduction; 4: Depression and Upward rotation
Biceps brachii
Origin: Short head: coracoid process of scapula Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion: Tuberosity of radius
Action: Flexes elbow and supinates forearm; Flexes humerus
Prime Mover: None for Shoulder
For elbow–> Flexion
Brachialis
Origin: Anterior distal humerus
Insertion: Tuberosity of ulna
Action: Flexes elbow
Prime Mover: Flexion
Brachioradialis
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Styloid process of radius
Action: Flexes elbow
Prime Mover: Flexion
Anconeus
Origin: Posterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Lateral margin of olecranon on ulna
Action: Extends elbow (moves ulna laterally during pronation
Prime Mover: None
Triceps brachii
Origin: Lateral head: superior, lateral humerus Medial head: posterior humerus Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna (all heads)
Action: Extends elbow (all heads)
Prime Mover: None for shoulder
Elbow–> Extension
Pronator quadratus
Origin: Medial surface of distal ulna
Insertion: Anterolateral surface of distal radius
Action: Pronates forearm
Prime Mover: Pronation
Pronator Teres
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus and coranoid process of ulna
Insertion: Distal lateral surface of radius
Action: Pronates forearm
Prime Mover: None
Supinator
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus and proximal ulna
Insertion: Anterolateral surface of radius, distal to radial tuberosity
Action: Supinates forearm
Prime Mover: Supination
Flexor carpi radialis
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Bases of metacarpals 2 and 3
Action: Flexes and abducts wrist
Prime Mover: None
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus; (medial olecranon and )
Insertion: Pisiform, hamate, base of metacarpal 5
Action: Flexes and adducts wrist
Prime Mover: None
Palmaris longus
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Palmer aponeurosis/ flexor retinaculum
Action: Flexes wrist
Prime Mover: None
Extensor carpis radialis longus
Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion:Base of metacarpal 2 (posterior surface)
Action: Extends and abducts wrist
Prime Mover: None
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Base of metacarpal 3 (posterior surface
Action: Extends and abducts wrist
Prime Mover: None
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus; posterior ulna
Insertion: Base of metacarpal 5 (posterior surface)
Action: Extends and adducts wrist
Prime Mover: None
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus; adjacent anterior ulna and
Insertion: Middle phalanges 2-5 (mid lateral portion)
Action: Flexes fingers and flexes wrist
Prime Mover: None
Flexor digitorum profundus
Origin: Medial and posterior ulna, coronoid process, interosseous
Insertion: Bases of distal phalanges 2-5
Action: Flexes distal phalanges
Prime Mover: None
Flexor pollicus longus
Origin: Anterior radius, interosseous membrane
Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of thumb
Action: Flexes thumb
Prime Mover: None
Abductor pollicus longus
Origin: Proximal, posterior ulna and radius
Insertion: Lateral marin of metacarpal 1
Action: Abducts thumb
Prime Mover: None
Extensor pollicus brevis
Origin: Posterior radius (distal to abduct or pollicus longus origin)
Insertion: Base of proximal phalange of thumb
Action: Extends thumb, abducts hand
Prime Mover: None
Extensor pollicus longus
Origin: Posterior and lateral ulna, interosseous membrane
Insertion: Base of distal phalange of thumb
Action: Extends thumb, abducts hand
Prime Mover: None
Extensor digitorum
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Posterior phalanges 2-5
Action: Extends fingers and hand
Prime Mover: None
Extensor indicis
Origin: Posterior ulna, interosseous membrane
Insertion: Posterior index finger
Action: Extends and adducts index finger
Prime Mover: None
Extensor digiti minimi
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus (via tendon)
Insertion: Posterior proximal phalange of little finger
Action: Extends little finger
Prime Mover: None
Elevation of Shoulder girdle (4)
Trapezius (head 1)
Trapezius (head 2)
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid
Depression of Shoulder girdle (2)
Subclavius
Pectoralis minor
Protection of Shoulder girdle (2)
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Retraction of Shoulder Girdle (2)
Trapezius (head 3)
Rhomboid
Upward Rotation of Shoulder Girdle (2)
Serratus anterior
Trapezius (head 2)
Downward Rotation of Shoulder Girdle (2)
Pectoralis minor
Rhomboid
Flexion of Shoulder Joint (2)
Anterior Deltoid
Pectoralis major (clavicular)
Extension of Shoulder Joint (3)
Pectoralis major (sternal)
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Abduction of Shoulder Joint (2)
Middle Deltoid
Supraspinatus
Adduction of Shoulder Joint (3)
Pectoralis major (sternal)
Latissimus dorsi
Teres Major
Lateral Rotation of Shoulder Joint (2)
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Medial Rotation of Shoulder Joint (2)
Subscapularis
Teres major
Horizontal Flexion of Shoulder Joint (4)
Anterior Deltoid
Pectoralis major (sternal)
Pectoralis major (clavicular)
Coracobrachialis
Horizontal Extension of Shoulder Joint (4)
Middle Deltoid
Posterior Deltoid
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Flexion of Elbow Joint (2)
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Extension of Elbow Joint (1)
Triceps brachii
Pronation of Elbow Joint (2)
Pronator quadratus
Pronator teres
Supination of Elbow Joint (1)
Biceps brachii
Flexion of Wrist Joint (3)
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Extension of Wrist Joint (1)
Extensor digitorum
