upper arm/shoulder muscles

Question 1

pectoralis major

Answer 1

O: Clavicular head-medial half of clavicle//Sternocostal-anterior sternum, costal cartilage 1-6, external oblique aponeurosis
I: intertubercular sulcus of humerus (lateral lip)
Blood: pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery
Nerve: Clav-lateral and medial pectoral nerve//Sterno-medial pectoral nerve
Action: Both-humerus adduction/medial rotation // Clav-flex humerus //Sterno-extends humerus from flexed position

Question 2

pectoralis minor

Answer 2

O: ribs 3-5
I: coracoid process of scapula
Blood: pectoral branch of  thoracoacromial artery 
Nerve: medial pectoral nerve
Action: stabilizes scapula

Question 3

serratus anterior

Answer 3

O: external and lateral ribs 1-8
I: anterior medial surface of scapula
Blood: lateral thoracic artery
Nerve: long thoracic nerve
Action: protracts scapula, rotates scapula to raise glenohumeral joint, holds scapula against thoracic wall

Question 4

subclavius

Answer 4

O: junction of rib and costal cartilage 1
I: inferior surface of medial third of clavicle
Blood: clavicular branch of thoracoacromial artery
Nerve: nerve to subclavius
Action: anchors clavicle, depresses clavicle

Question 5

biceps brachii

Answer 5

O: Long-supraglenoid tubercle of scapula // Short-coracoid process
I: radial tuberosity, bicipital aponeurosis
Blood: brachial artery
Nerve: musculocutaneous n
Action: forearm flexion, supination

Question 6

coracobrachialis

Answer 6

O: corocoid process
I: humerus (middle 1/3 of medial surface)
Blood: brachial artery
Nerve: musculocutaneous n
Action: arm flexion, arm adduction, resists anterior dislocation of shoulder

Question 7

brachialis

Answer 7

O: humerus (distal half of anterior surface)
I: coronoid process, ulnar tuberosity
Blood: brachial artery, radial recurrent artery
Nerve: musculocutaneous n (lateral part by radial nerve)
Action: flexes forearm

Question 8

trapezius

Answer 8

O: Ext. occipital protuberance, Spinous Processes C7-T12, Nuchal Ligament
I: Clavicle (Lateral ⅓), Acromion+spine of Scapula
Blood: Transverse Cervical Artery
Nerve: Spinal Accesory Nerve (CN XI)
Action: elevates/depresses scapula, retracts scapula, extends head

Question 9

latissimus dorsi

Answer 9

O: Spinous Processes T6-T12, Thoracolumbar fascia, Iliac Crest
I: Humerus (Intertubercular Sulcus/Bicipital Groove)
Blood: Thoracodorsal Artery
Nerve: Thoracodorsal Nerve
Action: Humerus Extension, Humerus Adduction, Humerus Med. Rotation, Raise body during climbing

Question 10

levator scapulae

Answer 10

O: Posterior tubercles of transverse Processes C1-C4
I: Scapula (Superior-medial border)
Blood: Dorsal Scapular Artery
Nerve: Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Action: Elevates scapula, Downwardly rotates scapula

Question 11

rhomboid major

Answer 11

O: Spinous Processes T2-T5 	
I: Scapula (medial border from level of spine to inferior angle) 
Blood: Dorsal Scapular Artery 
Nerve: Dorsal Scapular Nerve 
Action: Retract scapula 
Downwardly rotate scapula

Question 12

rhomboid minor

Answer 12

O: Nuchal Ligament, Spinous Processes C7+T1
I: Scapular Spine (Medial end)
Blood: Dorsal Scapular Artery
Nerve: Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Action: retract scapula, downwardly rotate scapula

Question 13

deltoid

Answer 13

O: Clavicle (Lateral ⅓), Acromion, Scapular spine
I: Deltoid Tuberosity (Lateral humerus)
Blood: Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery
Nerve: Axillary Nerve
(C5 & C6)

Action: Clavicular Head-Arm Flexion, Arm Med. Rotation // Acromial Head-Arm Abduction // Spinal Head-Arm Extension, Arm Lat. Rotation

Question 14

Teres Major

Answer 14

O: Scapula (Inferior Angle)
I: Intertubercular Sulcus (Humerus) 
Blood: Circumflex Scapular Artery 
N: Lower Subscapular Nerve
Action: Arm Adductor, Arm Med. Rotator

Question 15

Supraspinatus

Answer 15

O: Supraspinous Fossa (Posterior Scapula)
I: Greater Tubercle (Superior Facet; Humerus)
Blood: Suprascapular Artery
N: Suprascapular Nerve
Action: Arm Abduction (Initiates 15° for deltoid), Holds humeral head in glenoid

Question 16

Infraspinatus

Answer 16

O: Infrapsinous Fossa
(Posterior Scapula)
I: Greater Tubercle (Middle posterior surface; Humerus)
Blood: Suprascapular Artery
N: Suprascapular Nerve
Action: Lat. Rotates arm, Holds humeral head in glenoid

Question 17

subscapularis

Answer 17

O: Subscapular Fossa 
(Anterior Scapula)
I: Lesser Tubercle (Humerus)
Blood: Subscapular Artery 
N: Upper + Lower Subscapular Nerves
Action: Med. Rotates arm, Holds humeral head in glenoid

Question 18

teres minor

Answer 18

O: Scapula (Middle-lateral border)
I: Greater Tubercle (Inferior posterior surface; Humerus)
Blood: Circumflex Scapular Artery
N: Axillary Nerve
Action: Lat. Rotates arm, Holds humeral head in glenoid

Question 19

triceps brachii

Answer 19

O: Long Head: Infraglenoid Tubercle (Scapula)
Lateral Head: Humerus (Posterior surface; superior to radial groove)
Medial Head: Humerus
(Posterior surface; inferior to radial groove)

I: Olecranon (Ulna)
Blood: Deep Brachial Artery
N: Radial Nerve
Action: Main extensor of forearm // Long Head: Resists posterior humeral dislocation

Question 20

anconeus

Answer 20

O: Lateral Epicondyle (Humerus)
I: Olecranon (Ulna), Ulna (Posterior-superior surface)
Blood: Interosseous Recurrent Artery
(Branch of common interosseous a. from Ulnar Artery)
N: Radial Nerve
Action: Elbow Extension (Assists triceps), Elbow Stabilizer