Upper Arm & Shoulder Anatomy Flashcards
Name the 3 anterior muscles of the upper arm
Biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii - AFI
Attachments - long head originates from the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, and the short head originates from the coracoid process of the scapula
Do not insert into humerus (no attachment to bone)
Insert distally into the radial tuberosity
Function - Supination of the forearm, flexes the arm at the elbow and at the shoulder
Innervation - musculocutaneous nerve
Coracobrachialis - AFI
Lies deep to the biceps brachii
Attachments - originates from the coracoid process of the scapula and passes through the axilla, and attaches the medial side of the humeral shaft
Function - flexionof the arm at the shoulder, and weak adduction
Innervation - musculocutaneous nerve
Brachialis - AFI
Attachments - originates from the medial and lateral surfaces of the humeral shaft and inserts into theulnatuberosity
Innervation - musculocutaneous nerve with some innervation by radial nerve
Function - flexion at the elbow
Triceps brachii - AFI
Attachments - Long head - originates from the infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral head - originates from the humerus, superior to the radial grove
Medial head - originates from the humerus, inferior to the radial groove
Distally, the heads converge onto one tendon and insert into the olecranon of the ulna
Function - extension of the arm at the elbow
Innervation - radial nerve
Describe the blood supply of the upper arm
Subclavian artery feeds into axillary artery and then brachial artery
Posterior circumflex humeral artery branches off of axillary artery and wraps around humeral head
State the bone joints at the ends of the clavicle
Sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint
State another name for the shoulder joint
Gleno-humeral joint
Where is the coracoid process
Notch on the superior anterior portion of the scapula
What is the anatomical difference between the surgical neck and anatomical neck of the humerus
Anatomical neck is next to the humeral head
Surgical neck is distal to the tuberosities
Identify the muscles that provide shoulder abduction
First 90˚ of abduction comes form the glenohumeral joint
0˚ - 15˚ from supraspinatus - suprascapular nerve
15˚ - 90˚ from deltoid - axillary nerve
Over 90˚ due to scapulo-thoracic joint through scapula rotation
90˚ from upper trapezius and serratus anterior
Identify the muscles that provide shoulder adduction
Pectoralis major - medial and lateral pectoral nerves
Latissimus Doris - thoracodorsal nerve
Teres major - thoracodorsal nerve
Identify the muscles that provide shoulder flexion
Anterior fibres deltoid - axillary nerve
Pectoralis major - medial and lateral pectoral nerves
Corachobrachialis - musculocutaneous nerve
Biceps brachii - musculocutaneous nerve
Identify the muscles that provide shoulder extension
Posterior fibres deltoid - axillary nerve
Latissimus dorsi - thoracodorsal nerve
Teres major - thoracodorsal nerve
Identify the muscles that medially rotate the shoulder
Subscapularis
Teres major
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
