Upper and lower limbs

Question 1

To what is the vertical line of gravity posterior or anterior (knee and ankle joints, hip joints)

Answer 1

knee and ankle anterior

hip posterior

Question 2

when standing where is the center of gravity (what vertebra and side)

Answer 2

anterior SII

Question 3

name the movements of the hip joint.

Answer 3

flexion extension abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation and circumduction
fig 6.5

Question 4

name kind of joint knee and ankle.

Answer 4

primarily hinge joints

Question 5

movements at the knee?

Answer 5

flexion and extension

Question 6

movements of the ankle?

Answer 6

dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. 6.6

Question 7

what are the functions of the lower limbs?

Answer 7

locomotion and stabilizing/ supporting body weight

Question 8

How do the lower limbs reduce the amount of energy to maintain locomotion?

Answer 8

by minimizing fluctuations of the center of gravity

Question 9

How do the lower limbs minimize fluctuations of the center of gravity? 6.7

Answer 9

pelvic rotation in transverse plane.
flexion of the knees.
pelvic tilt in the coronal plane (abduction).
adduction of the hip

Question 10

what is the glenohumeral joint

Answer 10

shoulder joint

Question 11

movements of the arm at shoulder joint?

Answer 11

flexion extension abduction adduction medial/ lateral rotation and circumduction

Question 12

what sliding movements can shoulder make

Answer 12

protraction and retraction

Question 13

movements at the elbow joints?

Answer 13

flexion and extension of the forearm

Question 14

what is pronation

Answer 14

the radius can flip over the ulna, moving from palm anterior to palm posterior

Question 15

what is supination

Answer 15

returns the hand to the anamotical position, palm anterior.

Question 16

movements wrist joint?

Answer 16

abduction, adduction, flexion extension and circumduction

Question 17

the hand can be used as 2 tools, name?

Answer 17

sensory and mechanical tool

Question 18

what do the muscles of the hand act when gripping objects?

Answer 18

modify the actions of the long tendons

produce combinations of joint movements

Question 19

two factor contributing to using the hand for sensory.

Answer 19

high density of somatic sensory receptors in fingers.

sensory cortex of the brain for the hand larger than usual for other regions of skin.

Question 20

What joint anchors the lower limb to the axial skeleton

Answer 20

sacroiliac joint

Question 21

how is the pelvic bone linked to the sacrum?

Answer 21

ligaments and sacroiliac joint

Question 22

the lower limb is divided into?

Answer 22

gluteal region, thigh, leg and foot

Question 23

what is the gluteal region?

Answer 23

posterolateral and between the iliac crest and the gluteal fold.

Question 24

what is thigh anteriorly and posteriorly

Answer 24

anteriorly is between the inguinal ligament and the knee joint, posterior is between gluteal fold and the knee

Question 25

where is the leg

Answer 25

between the knee and ankle joint

Question 26

where is the foot

Answer 26

distal to the ankle joint

Question 27

What is the femoral triangle

Answer 27

pyramid shape formed by muscles in the proximal regions of the thigh and the inguinal ligament.

Question 28

how does the major blood supply and the femoral nerve enter into the thigh?

Answer 28

from the abdomen passing under inguinal ligament into the femoral traingle.

Question 29

what is the femoral nerve and where?

Answer 29

nerve of the lower limb

Question 30

what is the popliteal fossa? and where

Answer 30

a diamond shaped region formed by the muscles of the thigh and leg, posterior to the knee joint, and major vessels and nerves of the thigh and leg pass through

Question 31

what is the tarsal tunnel? and where.

Answer 31

series of canals formed by bones and a flexor retinaculum on the posteromedial side of the ankle, which let neves vessels and flexor tendons between the leg and foot pass

Question 32

is dorsiflexion up or down?

Answer 32

up

Question 33

what suspend the upper limb from the trunk

Answer 33

muscles and the sternoclavicular joint

Question 34

the upper limb is divided into?

Answer 34

the shoulder arm forearm and the hand

Question 35

what is the axilla

Answer 35

irregular shaped pyramid, formed by muscles and bones. the inlet or apex opends directly into the neck, the armpit is the floor. anterior to glenohumeralis joint, posterior to clavicle

Question 36

what is the cubital fossa

what main nerve and artery also

Answer 36

a triangular shape formed by muscles anterior to the elbow joint. the brachial artery, passing from the arm to the forearm passes through this fossa, as does one of the major nerves of the upper limb, the median nerve.

Question 37

what is the carpal tunnel

Answer 37

gateway to handpalm at proximal region hand, ts posterior, lateral, and medial walls form an arch,. the median nerve and all long flexor tendons pass through this

Question 38

what is the flexor retinaculum of the hand

Answer 38

connective tissue that spans the distance between each side of the arch and forms anterior wall of the carpal tunnel

Question 39

what are the movements of the scapula and function of these movements

Answer 39

retraction and protraction and rotation, extend reach of hand and change movement of glenohumeral joint