Upper and lower limbs Flashcards
To what is the vertical line of gravity posterior or anterior (knee and ankle joints, hip joints)
knee and ankle anterior
hip posterior
when standing where is the center of gravity (what vertebra and side)
anterior SII
name the movements of the hip joint.
flexion extension abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation and circumduction
fig 6.5
name kind of joint knee and ankle.
primarily hinge joints
movements at the knee?
flexion and extension
movements of the ankle?
dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. 6.6
what are the functions of the lower limbs?
locomotion and stabilizing/ supporting body weight
How do the lower limbs reduce the amount of energy to maintain locomotion?
by minimizing fluctuations of the center of gravity
How do the lower limbs minimize fluctuations of the center of gravity? 6.7
pelvic rotation in transverse plane.
flexion of the knees.
pelvic tilt in the coronal plane (abduction).
adduction of the hip
what is the glenohumeral joint
shoulder joint
movements of the arm at shoulder joint?
flexion extension abduction adduction medial/ lateral rotation and circumduction
what sliding movements can shoulder make
protraction and retraction
movements at the elbow joints?
flexion and extension of the forearm
what is pronation
the radius can flip over the ulna, moving from palm anterior to palm posterior
what is supination
returns the hand to the anamotical position, palm anterior.
movements wrist joint?
abduction, adduction, flexion extension and circumduction
the hand can be used as 2 tools, name?
sensory and mechanical tool
what do the muscles of the hand act when gripping objects?
modify the actions of the long tendons
produce combinations of joint movements
two factor contributing to using the hand for sensory.
high density of somatic sensory receptors in fingers.
sensory cortex of the brain for the hand larger than usual for other regions of skin.
What joint anchors the lower limb to the axial skeleton
sacroiliac joint
how is the pelvic bone linked to the sacrum?
ligaments and sacroiliac joint
the lower limb is divided into?
gluteal region, thigh, leg and foot
what is the gluteal region?
posterolateral and between the iliac crest and the gluteal fold.
what is thigh anteriorly and posteriorly
anteriorly is between the inguinal ligament and the knee joint, posterior is between gluteal fold and the knee
where is the leg
between the knee and ankle joint
where is the foot
distal to the ankle joint
What is the femoral triangle
pyramid shape formed by muscles in the proximal regions of the thigh and the inguinal ligament.
how does the major blood supply and the femoral nerve enter into the thigh?
from the abdomen passing under inguinal ligament into the femoral traingle.
what is the femoral nerve and where?
nerve of the lower limb
what is the popliteal fossa? and where
a diamond shaped region formed by the muscles of the thigh and leg, posterior to the knee joint, and major vessels and nerves of the thigh and leg pass through
what is the tarsal tunnel? and where.
series of canals formed by bones and a flexor retinaculum on the posteromedial side of the ankle, which let neves vessels and flexor tendons between the leg and foot pass
is dorsiflexion up or down?
up
what suspend the upper limb from the trunk
muscles and the sternoclavicular joint
the upper limb is divided into?
the shoulder arm forearm and the hand
what is the axilla
irregular shaped pyramid, formed by muscles and bones. the inlet or apex opends directly into the neck, the armpit is the floor. anterior to glenohumeralis joint, posterior to clavicle
what is the cubital fossa
what main nerve and artery also
a triangular shape formed by muscles anterior to the elbow joint. the brachial artery, passing from the arm to the forearm passes through this fossa, as does one of the major nerves of the upper limb, the median nerve.
what is the carpal tunnel
gateway to handpalm at proximal region hand, ts posterior, lateral, and medial walls form an arch,. the median nerve and all long flexor tendons pass through this
what is the flexor retinaculum of the hand
connective tissue that spans the distance between each side of the arch and forms anterior wall of the carpal tunnel
what are the movements of the scapula and function of these movements
retraction and protraction and rotation, extend reach of hand and change movement of glenohumeral joint
