Upper and Lower GI Pharmacology

Question 1

What are antiacids? What are complications? What are examples? What conditions are they used for?

Answer 1

Medication that neutralizes stomach acid/decrease acidity
Complications: Constipation, diarrhea, fluid retention, Hypercalcemia (due to, too many TUMS) and toxicity to kidney (aluminum)
Ex.) Calcium Carbonate (Constipation) and Aluminum Hydroxide (Diarrhea)
They are used for GERD and prevent Ulcers

Question 2

What are Histamine 2 receptors (H2)? What are complications? What are examples or what do they end in? What conditions are they used for?

Answer 2

Medication that works by decreasing stomach acid
Complications: Gynecomastia, CNS effects, pregnancy risk B
Ex.) Ranitidine (Zantac), Famotidine (Pepcid) and Cimetidine (Tagamet). They end -DINE
Used for Ulcers, GERD, and Heartburn

Question 3

What are Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI’s) What are complications? What are examples or what do they end in? What conditions are they used for? What does long term use lead to?

Answer 3

Medication that blocks stomach acid production
Complications: N/V, diarrhea, headache
Ex.) Pantoprazole (Protonix), Omeprazole (Prilosec), and Esomeprazole (Nexium). They end in -ZOLE
Used for ulcers, GERD, erosive esophagus (ALL SHORT-TERM USE)
Long term use leads to C Diff

Question 4

What are some antibiotics used for GI disorders? What bacteria are they commonly used for?

Answer 4

Tetracycline, Amoxicillin. and metronidazole. Used for H. Pylori

Question 5

What an example of a common Anti-ulcer/ Mucosal Barrier and that does it do?

Answer 5

Sucralfate and it works by releasing a protective coating over ulcers to promote healing

Question 6

What is an IV Terlipression?

Answer 6

It is most effective for an increased portal inflow. Used to decrease bleeding risk and manage the liver

Question 7

What are Prokinetics? What are complications? What is an Example?

Answer 7

Medication that increases gastric emptying + Motility and it’s used to control N/V
Complications: Tardive Dyskinesia, EPS, Sedation, Diarrhea
Ex.) Metoclopramide (Reglan)

Question 8

What is a Med used for IBS-D? What does it do? What are the restrictions for it? What are complications?

Answer 8

Alosteron (Lotronex)
It works by slowing down the bowels and to prevent diarrhea
Can only be used by females as a last resort. Meaning you have to have tried other medications first for at least 6 months
Complications: GI toxicity or constipation

Question 9

What 2 Meds are used for IBS-C? What does it do? What are complications?

Answer 9

Lubiprostone (Amitzia) and Linzess
They work by increasing intestinal motility and increase fluids in the bowel
Complications: Diarrhea

Question 10

What is a medication used for Inflammatory Bowel Disease? What does it do? What conditions does it help? What are complications?

Answer 10

5- amino salicylates: Mesalamine ad Olsalazine
Work by decreasing inflammation
Used for Crohn’s and Ulcerative Colitis
Complications: Nausea, fever, rash

Question 11

What are probiotics?

Answer 11

They are good bacteria that helps keep everything normal

Question 12

What medications can be used for Hital Hernia?

Answer 12

PPI’s and AntiAcids