NSG 219- Nutrition Flashcards by Sydney Kemper

How is nutrition important for Health Promotion?

Helps to prevent chronic diseases and helps us grow

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How is nutrition important for disease prevention?

It can help to prevent cancer, type 2 diabetes, heart conditions, anemia and many other chronic diseases

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How does nutrition help with clinical outcomes?

Promotes wound healing, tissue growth, and good blood flow

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What is digestion?

Breakdown of food and absorption of nutrients

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What are possible issues that may disrupt someone’s digestion

stress, diet, medications, disease, food poisoning, diarrhea, lifestyle

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What are the factors linked to nutritional alterations

biological, medical interventions, socioeconomical, environmental, and lifestyle

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What biological factors can change someone’s nutritional status?

Age (decreased metabolism, trouble chewing/swallowing), disease, and pregnancy

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What medical interventions can change someone’s nutritional status?

Surgery and tube feeding

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What socioeconomical factors can change someone’s nutritional status?

being low income and not having the money to afford healthy food

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What lifestyle factors can change someone’s nutritional status?

Habits, physical activity, use of drug and alcohol, cultural practices, and mental health disorders

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What environmental factors can change someone’s nutritional status?

Natural disasters

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Evidence based practices does what for patent outcomes?

Helps with patient outcomes

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What are examples of Evidence based practices for nutrition?

Baratic surgery, Enteral feeding, parenteral feeding

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When a person gains weight it is either, what?

Intentional or unintentional

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What are calories and what does the average person need to maintain weight?

Calories is the energy we get from food and the average person needs 2,000 calories to maintain weight

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What factors contributed to the different amount of calories a person may need to maintain weight?

Age and lifestyle factors

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What is a soft diet and who would be put on this kind of diet?

Soft food that is easy to chew. Used for people with dental issues

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What is a pureed diet and who would be put on this kind of diet?

Food is all blended up. Used for people with chewing and swallowing problems, post-op, and neurological problems

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What is a full liquid diet and who would be put on this kind of diet?

All liquids and is used to transition patients from a clear liquid diet to a regular diet

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What is a clear liquid diet and who would be put on this kind of diet?

Liquids are clear. Used for patients that are Pre and Post OP, after a colonoscopy.
SHORT-TERM

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What kind of vitamins are there?

Water soluble and Fat-soluble vitamins

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Water vs Fat Soluble: They are dissolved in?

Water: Is dissolved in water
Fat: Is dissolved in fats

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Water vs Fat Soluble: Where are they stored?

Water: they aren’t stored
Fat: Stored in liver or fatty tissue

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Water vs Fat Soluble: How well are they absorbed?

Water: easily absorbed
Fat: Needs fat or bile to be absorbed so takes longer

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Water vs Fat Soluble: Level of toxicity and why?

Water: Low toxicity due to being excreted by urine. Will need regular replenishment Fat: High toxicity due to staying in the body longer

What are examples of water soluble vitamins?

Vitamin C and other B-complex vitamins

What are examples of fat soluble vitamins?

A, D, E, and K

What are proteins?

building block of the body

What is the function of proteins?

Aid in wound healing and tissue growth, hormonal function, enzymatic activity, transport and storage, immune function, and electrolyte balance

What are Essential amino acids?

Amino acids that are not synthesized by the body, and they have to be obtained through a diet

What are Non- essential amino acids

Amino acids that are synthesized by the body

What are carbohydrates?

They are a source of energy

What are the two different types of carbohydrates?

Simple and complex

What are simple carbs?

Carbs that are broken down fast and they don't last long in the body. Ex.) juice

Whare are complex carbs?

Carbs that take longer to break down, this lasting in the body longer

What is the difference between simple and complex carbs?

Simple carbs will raise BS faster for a small period of time while complex carb will raise BS slower but lasts longer

What are fats?

Another source of energy

What vitamins do vegetarians usually lack?

Vitamin B12 and Iron

What does Vitamin B12 do?

Helps with red blood cell production. Gained through animal protein

What does Iron do?

Helps create RBC's, good blood flow, prevents anemia, and helps the immune system

What is overnutrition and associated health risk/s?

Too much food or Obesity. Health risks include, CVD, T2DM, cancer, etc

What is undernutrition and associated health risk/s?

Not enough food. Health risks include immune suppression and delayed wound healing

What is malnutrtion?

Imbalance of nutrients the body needs and what it receives

What is malabsorption syndrome?

the absorption of nutrients is not occurring in the small intestines

What is starvation malnutrition?

when nutrition needs are not being met

What are some labs seen for Malnutrition?

*Albumin and prealbumin, C-reactive protein, *Hemoglobin and Hematocrit, Liver enzymes, Vitamin levels, BUN/ Creatinine, CBC, Electrolyte panel

What does the Albumin Lab show?

Shows long term nutrition status

What does Hemoglobin and Hematocrit lab show in this case of malnutrition?

Can show the level of iron someone has

What is obesity?

High amount of body fat or adipose tissue

What is the BMI for obese and extremely obese

Obese BMI: 30-40 Extremely Obese BMI: >40

Another trait for obesity is an increased waist circumference which is liked to what conditions?

CVD and metabolic syndrome

Body shape is also looked at like Apple and Pear body shapes. What is the main difference between the two body types?

Apple: Has higher visceral fat and there is an increase in weight related problems Pear: Has lower visceral fat and there is a decrease in weight related problems

What is metabolic syndrome? What is something that increases the risk?

A group of conditions that increase the risk for CVD, T2DM, stroke. Smoking has a huge impact on this.

What are bariatric surgeries?

They are surgeries performed for the intent of weight loss

What is something that can happen to a bariatric patient about 10-30 minutes after they eat. It may cause nausea, vomiting, sweating, cramping, bloating, feeling flushed, and dizziness.

Dumping syndrome or rapid gastric dumping. This is when food (sugar) moves too fast from the stomach to the small intestines

Liraglutide (Saxenda) is a weight loss medication used. What are some things that it does?

GLP-1, it induces the feeling of being full (satiety) and slows down gastric emptying

Semaglutide also known as Ozempic or Mountjaro is another medication used for weight loss. What does the medication do and what is it mimicking?

Mimics GLP-1 and causes gastroparesis which is slow gastric emptying

Orlistat is another weight loss medication used. What does it do? What is also a major s/s for it?

It stops the breakdown of fat and absorption of the intestines. Can give Kidney stones

What are common S/S for these weight loss medications?

N/V, greasy stool, increased bowel movement, feeling full, diarrhea, abdominal cramping

Enteral Nutrition (EN) is a way to give patients nutrients that they may need through a tube. What are some issues with giving EN?

Can't use if there is a problem with the GI and there is a risk for malnutrition

What is the gold standard for checking EN placement?

Using a x-ray

How often does a nurse need to check the placement of an EN tube?

Every 4 hours

What are examples of Short-term EN tube feeding?

NG and OG

What are some examples of Long-term EN tube feeding?

Gastrostomy and Jejunostomy

What is refeeding syndrome? What is the hallmark sign and what are other s/s of it?

Change from starvation to a fed state. Hypophosphatemia is the hallmark sign. Other S/S are fluid retention, hyperglycemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypokalemia

What is Parenteral Nutrition (PN)?

Given via a central line into the blood to give nutrients a patient may need. The GI isn't used

What is anorexia? S/S

Fear of gaining weight or being fat BMI < 17, iron deficiency, vitamin deficiency, impaired renal function

What is Bulimia? S/S

Episodes of binge eating or purging Loss of gag reflex, vomiting, macerated knuckles, dental problems