upper and lower GI Flashcards

Question

tx for hiatal hernia

Answer 1

``` conservative small frequent meals, avoid lying after meals avoid tight clothes and abd supports weight control antacids ```

Answer 2

temporary inflammation of stomach lining | lasts 2-10 days

Answer 3

alcohol nsaids ( r/t decreased prostaglandins) infectious agents (h. pylori)

Answer 4

progressive, chronic inflammation lasts weeks to years immune related/ non immune related

Answer 5

PUD bleeding ulcers anemia gastric cancers

Answer 6

autoimmune- attacks own cells | chronic h. pylori infections

Answer 7

destructive pattern of persistent inflammation | can cause Chronic Gastritis, PUD, stomach cancer

Answer 8

person to person via saliva, fecal matter, or vomit | contaminated food or water

Answer 9

``` vomiting stomach burning upset stomach loss of appetite vomiting blood black stool postprandial discomfort ```

Answer 10

inflammation of stomach and small intestine usually lasts 1-3 days caused by viral, bacterial, parasitic infections let infections play out.. usually no abx

Answer 11

watery diarrhea (can be bloody is bacterial), abdominal pain, N/V, fever, malaise

Answer 12

fluid volume deficit

Answer 13

``` ulcerative disorder of upper GI tract esophageal stomach - gastric ulcers duodenum- peptic ulcer develops when GI tract exposed to acid and h. pylori ```

Answer 14

``` h. pylori NSAIDS acid pepsin smoking ```

Answer 15

mucus bicarbonate blood flow prostaglandins

Answer 16

``` H. pylori nsaids asa alcohol excessive secretion of acid smoking family fx stress ```

Answer 17

``` age high doses of NSAIDS chronic corticosteroids chronic anticoagulants autoimmune disorders h. pylori infection ```

Answer 18

mucosa damage histamine secretion resulting in increased acid and pepsin production, vasodilation if blood vessels are destroyed results in bleeding

Answer 19

most common type | can occur at any age

Answer 20

peak at age 50-70 | caused by increased of NSAIDs, corticosteroids, anticoagulants, more likely to have systemic illness

Answer 21

``` sometimes none unless bleeding n/v, anorexia wt loss bleeding burning pain in middle of abd, worse when stomach is empty ```

Answer 22

burning, cramping, gas like epigastrium, back 1-2 hours after eating

Answer 23

burning, cramping, gas like epigastrium, back 2-4 hours after eating

Answer 24

hemorrhage obstruction perforation and peritonitis

Answer 25

inflammation of appendix | caused is obstructed which leads to inflammation

Answer 26

gangrene abscess formation peritonitis

Answer 27

RLQ pain, periumbilical area rebound pain at McBurney's point sudden pain relief may indicate rupture/peritonitis

Answer 28

``` age 10-12 starts as dull, steady pain in periumbilical area progresses over 4-6 hours RLQ low grade fever nausea elevated WBC ```

Answer 29

inflammation of peritoneum fluids shift causing third spacing can lead to hypovolemic shock and sepsis decreased peristalsis can lead to paralytic ileus and intestinal obstruction

Answer 30

``` think ruptured or perforated perforated ulcer ruptured gallbladder pancreatitis ruptured spleen ruptured bladder ruptured appendix ```

Answer 31

``` sudden and severe abdominal pain (worst pain of life) rigid board like abdomen INCREASED HR DECREASED BP ```

Answer 32

changes in intestinal motility can be IBSC or IBSD symptoms vary by individual intermittent abdominal pain relieved by deification bowel urgency intolerance to certain foods (sorbitol, lactose, gluten) non-bloody mucous stool

Answer 33

cause unknown, triggered by stress, food, hormone changes, GI infections, menses

Answer 34

life changing chronic illness 2 types: crohns and UC causes chronic inflammation, exacerbations and remission in intestines autoimmune activated by infection

Answer 35

women Caucasians Jewish descent smokers

Answer 36

lymph structures of GI tract are blocked, tissues become engorged and inflamed deep linear fissures and ulcers skip lesions cobblestone appearance

Answer 37

``` malnutrition anemia scar tissue and obstructions fistulas cancer ```

Answer 38

granulomas, all layers, skip lesions

Answer 39

``` crampy RLQ pain watery diarrhea weight loss fatigue no appetite malabsorption of nutrients PALPABLE RLQ mass mouth ulcers ```

Answer 40

inflammation of mucosa of rectum and colon | usually develops in third decade of life

Answer 41

white people of European descent, esp. Ashkenazi Jewish occasionally in black/African rare in Asians

Answer 42

inflammation begins in rectum extends in CONTINUOUS segment that involves entire colon inflammation leads to large ulcerations necrosis of epithelial tissues CRYPT ABSCESSES damage repaired with new granulation tissue

Answer 43

tissue is fragile and bleeds easily

Answer 44

``` abdominal pain bloody diarrhea (not seen with crohns) wt loss fatigue no appetite fever ```

Answer 45

``` hemorrhage perforation cancer fissures Crypt abscesses toxic megacolon increased risk of colo/rectal cancer liver disease fluid, electrolyte, and PH balances increased risk of VTE and PE ```

Answer 46

``` small pouches bulging outwards through weak spots can be congenital or acquired caused by low fiber diet usually in descending colon discovered accidentally ```

Answer 47

``` inflammation retained fecal matter LLQ pain increased WBC acute passage of large frank blood ```

Answer 48

perforation peritonitis obstruction

Answer 49

produce gastrin, facilitates production of HCl

Answer 50

produce HCl to break down food | produce intrinsic factor to protect mucosa

Answer 51

secrete pepsin

Answer 52

secrete bicarbonate-rich solution to coat and protect stomach

Answer 53

duodenum jejunum illeum

Answer 54

intestinal glands secretes 2l fluid daily into lumen of intestine Crypt abscesses in UC

Answer 55

secrete mucus to protect small intestine from acidic gastric juices

Answer 56

area where food passes from small to large intestine

Answer 57

appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum