Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUR 326 - GI and Endocrine > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

hypothalamic-pituitary endocrine system

A

pituitary gland located beneath hypothalamus at base of skull
pituitary has 2 lobes (anterior and posterior)
synthesis and secretion of pituitary hormones are controlled by hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

anterior lobe of pituitary gland

A

secretes ACTH and thyroid stimulating hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

posterior lobe of pituitary gland

A

antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) and oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

A

released in response to high serum osmolality and/or hypotension
causes water retention via kidneys
This hormone stops the pee-pee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

adrenal glands

A

sit on top of kidneys (each consist of inner medulla and outer cortex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

adrenal medulla secretes

A

epi and norepi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

in response to ACTH, the adrenal cortex secrete

A

glucocorticoids (cortisol) and mineralcorticoids (aldosterone), sex steroids (androgens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

adrenal medulla hormones

A

secrete 2 catecholamines in response to SNS stimulation
epi and norepi prolong and enhance effects of SNS
think fight or flight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

adrenal cortex: steroid hormones

A

think sugar, salt, sex
3 steroid hormones secreted by adrenal cortex and essential for life
regulate body’s response to stress
made on demand not stored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

glucocorticoids

A

principal hormone is cortisol

hormones names for their primary effect on glucose metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

functions of glucocorticoids include

A 
raising blood sugar
protect against stress
suppress inflammatory and immune processes 
release muscle stores of protein
increase blood cholesterol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

mineralocorticoids

A

principal hormone is aldosterone
regulated by renin-angiotensin system in kidneys
function is to maintain salt and water balance
promotes secretion of potassium
triggered by angiotensin II, and aldosterone promotes sodium retention thus water retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

parathyroid gland

A

promotes absorption of vitamin D

produce and secrete parathyroid hormone in response to hypocalcemia and break down calcium in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the two adrenocortical hormone disorders?

A

Cushing’s syndrome

Addison disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

hypercortisolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what can cause hypercortisolism?

A

primary hyperfunction
secondary hyperfunction
exogenous steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

primary hyperfunction

A

disease of adrenal cortex

cushing syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

secondary hyperfunction

A

disease of the anterior pituitary

cushing’s disease

19
Q

exogenous steroids

A

used in the management of various diseases

cushing’s syndrome

20
Q

what does cortisol do?

A

raises blood sugar (opposes insulin)
protects against the physiologic effects of stress
suppresses immune and inflammatory process
breaks down fat and protein
increases cholesterol
keeps BP up

21
Q

manifestations of cushings

A

glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia
HTN, ecchymoses
Muscle wasting, weakness, thinning of skin, osteoporosis, bone pain
redistribution of fat to abdomen, shoulders and face
impaired wound healing and immune response, risk for infection
mood swings, insomnia

22
Q

cushing patient presents with

A

moon face, thin extremities, fat deposits on back, gynecomastia in males, amenorrhea in females
purple striae, personality changes

23
Q

Addison disease

A

disease of adrenal cortex that causes hyposecretion of all 3 adrenocortical hormones
sugar
salt
sex
most sever effects come from lack of cortisol

24
Q

causes of addison’s disease

A

idiopathic
autoimmune
other

25
Q

pathogenesis of addisons disease

A

adrenal gland destroyed
get symptoms when 90% non-functional
ACTH and TSH are secreted in large amounts

26
Q

early clinical manifestations of addison disease

A

anorexia, wt loss
weakness, malaise, apathy
electrolyte imbalances
skin hyperpigmentation

27
Q

clinical manifestations for addison disease

A

hypoaldosteronism

hypocortisolism

28
Q

hypoaldosteronism

A

SODIUM AND WATER RETENTION
hypotension ( decreased vascular tone, cardiac output, circulating volume)
salt craving ( decreased serum sodium, INCREASED potassium levels and deyhdration)

29
Q

Hypocortisolism

A 
lack of stress hormone, no energy
hypoglycemia
weakness and fatigue
unsuppressed ACTH production
hyperpigmentation
30
Q

Addisonian (adrenal) crisis

A

complication of Addison disease
medical emergency
r/t acute renal insufficiency, body has no cortisol to combat stress
can be caused by stopping steroid abruptly

31
Q

what causes Addisonian crisis?

A

suddenly stopping steroids
sudden loss of adrenal function
sudden increase in stress

32
Q

what class of meds do you use to treat Addison’s disease?

A 
"sone's"
hydrocortisone- drug of choice
prednisone
dexamethasone
fludrocortisone
33
Q

what is the only medication that is considered a mineralocorticoid and what does it do?

A

fludrocortisone
helps with water and salt balance
dosed once daily

34
Q

what is important to remember when dosing meds for Addison’s disease

A 
dose mimics natural release of hormones
timing is important
doses are small
NEVER stop abruptly
INCREASE doses with stress situations ( surgery, trauma)
35
Q

what is the 3x3 rule?

A

take three times a normal dose for 3 days then taper off.

36
Q

what should you always do with your meds for Addison’s disease, and what should you wear?

A

maintain an emergency supply (IM and PO), and wear a medical alert bracelet

37
Q

what is pheochromocytoma?

A

an adrenal medulla disorder
rare tumor, benign
produces excessive catecholamines, epi and norepi

38
Q

what is a risk factor for pheochromocytoma?

A

young to middle age

39
Q

pathogenesis of pheochromocytoma

A

SNS stimulation

tumor cells secrete catecholamines in response to SNS release

40
Q

what is the number 1 symptom of a pheochromocytoma?

A

HTN, followed by HA, diaphoresis and tachycardia

41
Q

what is the preferred tx of pheochromocytoma?

A

surgery

42
Q

when are alpha-adrenergic blockers used with pheochromochytoma

A

inoperable tumors
pre-operatively to reduce risk of acute HTN
meds given 10-14 days prior to surgery

43
Q

what is the principal cause of HTN with pheochromocytomas?

A

alpha 1 receptors on blood vessels

NUR 326 - GI and Endocrine (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions