Upper and Lower Airway Structure Flashcards
Name the structures that contribute to the respiratory pump?
Bones (Ribs & Sternum)
Muscles (Diaphragm and IC)
Pleura
Nerves
What structure makes up the conducting airway?
Nose –> Pharynx –> Larynx (Upper)
Trachea –> Bronchi –> Bronchioles –> Terminal Bronchioles
Describe function of conducting airways? (4)
Filtration, warm, Humidification and conduction of air to lungs
Describe respiratory epithelium
Pseudostratified, columnar, ciliated epithelium on a BM (Interspersed with Goblet cells)
Where is the greatest resistance found in the airway?
In the trachea –> Length and no branching adds resistance
What does the pump handle show?
Movement of sternum anteriorly and superiorly in inspiration
What does bucket handle show?
Movement of ribcage up and outwards (laterally)
Describe Expiration
Expiration is usually passive. The ribs move down and in, the diaphragm relaxes. The intra-thoracic volume decreases and the pressure increases. Air is forced out.
Name muscles involved in active expiration
IM, muscles contract pulling RC down and in
What is a V/Q mismatch?
When perfusion of blood in capillaries doesn’t match ventilation of alveoli
What is it called when high V/Q ratio?
Dead space, lots of ventilation but no perfusion.
What do Turbinates do?
Double SA of nose and create Meatus’
Order of Sinuses?
Function
Frontal, Maxillary, Ethmoid and Sphenoid
Evagination of Mucous Membrane from Nasal Cavity
3 components of pharnyx?
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx
Function of Larynx?
Valvular (Prevent liquid and food entering lung)
