Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Airway Class > Upper Airway > Flashcards

Upper Airway Flashcards

1
Q
A
  1. Nares
  2. Hard Palate
  3. Oral Cavity
  4. Tongue
  5. Larynx
  6. Thyroid Cartilage
  7. Cricoid Cartilage
  8. Nasopharynx
  9. Soft Palate
  10. Uvula
  11. Oropharynx
  12. Esophagus
  13. Trachea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
A
  1. Epiglottis
  2. Thyrohyoid Ligament
  3. Thyroid Cartilage
  4. Cricothyroid Membrane
  5. Cricoid Cartilage
  6. Tracheal Cartilage
  7. Vocal Cords
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Major Causes of Upper Airway Emergencies

A
  1. Anatomical & Mechanical
  2. Allergic
  3. Infectious
  4. Traumatic & Caustic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anatomical & Mechanical Emergencies

A
  1. Foreign Bodies & other Obstructions
  2. Tumors & post surgical changes
  3. Congenital & other Disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Foreign Bodies & other Obstructions

A
  1. Food or other objects
  2. Tongue = Unconscious Pts
  3. Blood, Vomit, or Phlegm = Can lead to aspiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Foreign Bodies & other Obstructions
TX

A

Food or Object:
- Cough
- Magill Forceps or Finger Swipe
- Heimlich Maneuver or Back Blows
- Compressions
- Intubation
- Cricothyrotomy

Tongue:
- Head Tilt or Jaw Thrust
- OPA
- Supraglottic Airway

Blood, Vomit, or Phlegm:
- Suction
- Supraglottic Airway or Intubation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tumors & Post Surgical changes

A
  1. Chrondromas:
    - Firm nodules located in the tracheal cartilage rings
    - Can turn cancerous
  2. Hemangiomas:
    - Growth made of extra blood vessels in the trachea or larynx
  3. Papillomas:
    - Cauliflower-like tumors caused by HPV, most common benign tracheal tumor in children
  4. Squamous Cell Carcinoma:
    - Most common due to smoking
    - Penetrates the mucosal lining of the trachea causing ulceration & bleeding
  5. Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma:
    - 2nd most common malignancy of the trachea that starts in the salivary glands
    - Eventually close off the airway as they progress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Congenital & other Disorders

A
  1. Laryngomalacia:
    - Birth defect in which the soft, immature cartilage of the upper larynx collapses over the vocal cords causing partial obstruction
  2. Vocal Cord Palsy:
    - Vocal cords don’t open or close properly
  3. Subglottic Stenosis:
    - Narrowing of the cricoid below the vocal cords
  4. Subglottic Hemangioma:
    - Tumor composed of a large mass of blood vessels below the vocal cords
    - Can lead to airway obstruction & respiratory distress
  5. Tracheomalacia:
    - Malformation of the cartilage in the trachea
    - The trachea narrows or collapses causing to decreased airflow
  6. Myasthenia Gravis:
    - Weakens striated muscle & usually affects those innervated by the bulbar cranial nerves
    - Weakens these bulbar & other upper airway muscles leading to upper airway obstruction
  7. Parkinson’s disease:
    - This chronic neurodegenerative condition can cause upper airway obstruction, which is associated with laryngeal spasms
  8. GERD:
    - Stomach acid or undigested food rises into the esophagus and sometimes into the larynx, which can trigger a laryngospasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Allergic Emergencies

A
  1. Anaphylaxis:
    Swelling of the soft tissues of the mouth & throat, including the:
    - lips
    - tongue
    - hypopharynx
    - larynx
    - vocal cords

*Due to a systemic release of histamine from an allergen exposure

  1. Angioedema:
    - Swelling of the deeper layers of the skin & tissue
    - Can effect any part of the body, but often affects the face, lips, eyes, genitals, hands, & feet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anaphylaxis TX

A
  1. 0.01mg/kg IM Epi (1:1):
    - 0.15mg for Peds <30kg (8 y/o or younger)
    - 0.3mg for Peds/Adults >30kg (9 y/o or older)
  2. Breathing TX:
    - 2.5mg of Albuterol (3x)
    - 0.5mg of Atrovent (1x)
  3. 20ml/kg Fluid for hypotension
  4. Benadryl 1mg/kg IV/IM (50mg Max dose)
  5. Solumedrol 2mg/kg IV/IM (125mg Max dose)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Angioedema TX

A
  1. Benadryl 1mg/kg IV/IM (50mg Max dose)
  2. IM Epi (1:1)
  3. TXA?
  4. Solumedrol?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Infectious Emergencies

A
  1. Epiglottis
  2. Croup
  3. Retropharyngeal & Prevertebral Abscess
  4. Peritonsillar Abscess
  5. Ludwig’s Angina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Epiglottis

A

Inflammation of the epiglottis, commonly caused by infections (HIB) & affects peds 3-7 y/o

S/S:
- High fever
- Inspiratory Stridor (lower pitch than croup)
- Painful swallowing & drooling
- Muffled Voice
- Rapid progression of respiratory distress (Tripoding)

TX:
1. Monitor breathing & O2 levels, look out for signs of that may indicate need for intubation
2. Administer blow by O2 & keep the Pt Calm
3. Position the Pt
4. Have equipment ready
5. Transport Fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Croup

A

Affects PEDs 16 months - 3 years old

Caused by a viral infection and typically has a slower onset of symptoms

S/S:
-barking seal cough
-Low-grade fever

TX:
1. Nebulized 3ml of 1:1 Epi
2. Solumedrol 2mg/kg IV/IM (Max 125mg)
3. Consider IM Epi 1:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Traumatic & Caustic Emergencies

A
  1. Penetrating or Blunt force Trauma
  2. Thermal Burns
  3. Caustic Ingestion
  4. Drowning
  5. Inhaled Toxins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Penetrating or Blunt force Trauma

A

Trauma to Face, Jaw or Neck:
- Aspiration
- Edema
- Subcutaneous emphysema

Airway Class (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions