Assessment Flashcards
Tachypnea Causes
Fever
Respiratory distress
Toxins
Hypoperfusion
Brain lesion
Metabolic acidosis
Anxiety
Bradypnea Causes
Narcotics/sedative
Drugs/ETOH
Metabolic disorders
Hypoperfusion
Fatigue
Brain injury
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
Alternating periods of increased & decreased rate & depth w/ brief periods of apnea
Causes:
-Increased ICP
-CHF
-Renal failure
-Toxins
-Acidosis
*Repeating pattern
*May indicate spinal injury
Biot’s respirations
Similar to Cheyne-Stokes but irregularly irregular
Cause:
-Meningitis
-Increased ICP
-Neurological emergency
Kussmaul’s respirations
Deep & fast breaths lacking any apneic periods (Deep labored breathing that indicates severe acidosis)
Cause:
-Metabolic
-Renal failure
-Diabetic ketoacidosis
Apneustic respirations
A long, gasping inspiration followed by a very short expiration in which the breath is not completely expelled. Result is chest hyperinflation (causes severe hypoxemia)
Causes:
-Brain lesion
Central neurogenic hyperventilation
Very deep & rapid respiratory rate (>25)
Central nervous system acidosis triggers rapid, deep breathing = systemic alkalosis
Stridor
inspiration
-Croup
-Epiglottitis
-FBA
Rhonchi
Primarily expiration
-Frank aspiration
-Bronchitis
-Cystic fibrosis
-Pneumonia
Wheeze
End-inspiration
-Pneumonia
-CHF exacerbation
-Pulmonary edema
Crackles/Rales
End-inspiration
-Pneumonia
-CHF exacerbation
-Pulmonary edema
Diminished breath sounds
Either or both
-Emphysema
-Atelectasis
-Pneumothorax (simple or tension)
-Flail chest
-Neuromuscular disease
-Pleural effusion
Pleural rub
Either
-Pleuritis
-Pleurisy
-Pleural effusion
Ped’s S/S of Respiratory Distress
Irritable/Anxious
Tachypnea & Tachycardia
Retractions/Poor muscle tone
Nasal flaring
Head bobbing
Grunting
Cyanosis that improves with supplemental oxygen
Ped’s Signs of Respiratory Failure
Irritability deteriorating to lethargy
Marked tachypnea deteriorating to bradypnea
Marked retractions deteriorating to agonal respirations
Marked tachycardia deteriorating to bradycardia
Central cyanosis
