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Question 1

Which implant design showed the highest stability in Worden et al.’s 2020 study on canine cementless total hip replacement, as discussed in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 1

The highest stability was observed with the double cup implant design, which outperformed the other designs in biomechanical tests.

Example sentence: The double cup implant design demonstrated superior stability in the study.

Question 2

What were the conclusions of Kaczmarek et al. (2020) regarding the locking mechanism of 3.5-mm screws in their micro-CT study, as published in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 2

The study concluded that the locking mechanism of 3.5-mm screws was highly effective, with micro-CT providing detailed insights into their performance.

Example sentence: The micro-CT analysis revealed the effectiveness of the 3.5-mm screw locking mechanism.

Question 3

How did the reliability of the Norberg Angle compare with the Distraction Index in measuring hip laxity in Klever et al.’s 2020 study, as reported in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 3

The Norberg Angle was less reliable than the Distraction Index for assessing hip laxity, with the latter providing more consistent measurements.

Example sentence: The Distraction Index proved to be a more reliable tool for evaluating hip laxity compared to the Norberg Angle.

Question 4

What was the reported success rate of using the conical coupling mini locking plate system for fracture repair in cats, according to Ferrero et al. (2020) in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 4

The success rate for using the conical coupling mini locking plate system in cats was high, with the majority of cases resulting in successful fracture healing.

Example sentence: The majority of cats treated with the conical coupling mini locking plate system experienced successful fracture healing.

Question 5

In Rincon Alvarez et al.’s study (2020), what effect did the calibration method have on the accuracy of pressure mat data, as reported in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 5

The calibration method had a significant effect on the accuracy of pressure mat data, with some methods proving more reliable than others.

Example sentence: Certain calibration methods yielded more accurate pressure mat data results in the study.

Question 6

What clinical outcomes were observed in cats following triple pelvic osteotomy with lag screw fixation for pelvic canal stenosis in Cinti et al.’s 2020 study, published in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 6

Clinical outcomes for cats treated with triple pelvic osteotomy and lag screw fixation were generally favorable, with most cats showing improved function and minimal complications.

Example sentence: The majority of cats displayed improved function and minimal complications after undergoing triple pelvic osteotomy with lag screw fixation.

Question 7

How did tibial plateau leveling osteotomy affect joint mechanics in canine stifles, according to the study by Shimada et al. (2020) in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 7

Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy improved joint mechanics by reducing abnormal cranial tibial thrust, leading to enhanced stability in canine stifles.

Example sentence: The tibial plateau leveling osteotomy procedure enhanced stability in canine stifles by reducing abnormal cranial tibial thrust.

Question 8

What were the primary results of the segmental femoral ostectomy technique used for medial patellar luxation in dogs, as reported by Nagahiro et al. (2020) in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 8

The segmental femoral ostectomy technique used for medial patellar luxation in dogs was successful, with most dogs achieving good functional recovery.

Example sentence: The majority of dogs undergoing the segmental femoral ostectomy technique had successful functional recovery.

Question 9

How did limb position affect the measurements of the quadriceps muscle length-to-femoral length ratio in Beagle dogs, according to the study by Murakami et al. (2020) in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 9

Limb position affected the measurements of the quadriceps muscle length-to-femoral length ratio, with different positions resulting in varying ratios.

Example sentence: Varying limb positions led to differences in the quadriceps muscle length-to-femoral length ratio measurements.

Question 10

What were the main findings regarding the performance of conical coupling plate constructs in MacArthur et al.’s 2020 study on cat tibial fracture stabilization, as reported in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 10

The main findings indicated that both conical coupling plate constructs were effective for stabilizing cat tibial fractures, with each offering specific biomechanical benefits.

Example sentence: Both types of conical coupling plate constructs provided effective stabilization for cat tibial fractures.

Question 11

Which implant design provided the most favorable biomechanical results in the study by Worden et al. (2020) on canine hip replacement, as discussed in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 11

The most favorable biomechanical results were provided by the double cup implant design, which offered superior stability in canine hip replacements.

Example sentence: The double cup implant design demonstrated superior biomechanical results in canine hip replacement surgeries.

Question 12

What did Kaczmarek et al. (2020) conclude about the effectiveness of the locking mechanism in 3.5-mm screws, as published in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 12

The effectiveness of the locking mechanism in 3.5-mm screws was confirmed through micro-CT analysis, which showed how the screws engaged with the bone.

Example sentence: Micro-CT analysis provided insights into how the locking mechanism of 3.5-mm screws interacted with the bone.

Question 13

How did the Norberg Angle and Distraction Index compare in terms of reliability for assessing hip laxity, according to Klever et al. (2020) in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 13

The Norberg Angle was less consistent than the Distraction Index in measuring hip laxity, making the latter a more reliable tool for assessment.

Example sentence: The Distraction Index was found to be more reliable than the Norberg Angle for evaluating hip laxity.

Question 14

What success rate was achieved with the conical coupling mini locking plate system in Ferrero et al.’s 2020 study on cat fracture repair, as published in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 14

The success rate of the conical coupling mini locking plate system in Ferrero et al.’s study was high, with successful outcomes in most cases.

Example sentence: The majority of cases treated with the conical coupling mini locking plate system had successful outcomes.

Question 15

How did the choice of calibration method influence the pressure mat data outcomes in Rincon Alvarez et al.’s 2020 study, as reported in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 15

The choice of calibration method significantly affected the outcomes of pressure mat data, with certain methods leading to more consistent results.

Example sentence: The calibration method had a notable impact on the consistency of pressure mat data outcomes.

Question 16

What were the clinical outcomes observed in cats treated with triple pelvic osteotomy with lag screw fixation for pelvic canal stenosis in Cinti et al.’s 2020 study, as published in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 16

Clinical outcomes for cats treated with triple pelvic osteotomy and lag screw fixation were positive, with most cats regaining function and experiencing minimal complications.

Reference: Cinti et al. (2020)

Question 17

What were the results of the surgical outcomes for dogs undergoing segmental femoral ostectomy for patellar luxation in the study by Nagahiro et al. (2020), as reported in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 17

The surgical outcomes for dogs undergoing segmental femoral ostectomy were generally successful, with most dogs showing good recovery and improved limb function.

Reference: Nagahiro et al. (2020)

Question 18

What were the biomechanical effects observed in the conical coupling plate constructs for cat tibial fracture stabilization in MacArthur et al.’s 2020 study, published in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 18

The biomechanical effects observed included improved fracture stability with both constructs, though each had specific benefits depending on the fracture type.

Reference: MacArthur et al. (2020)

Question 19

According to Worden et al. (2020) in their study on cementless total hip replacement in dogs, which implant design provided the best biomechanical performance, as reported in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 19

The double cup design provided the best biomechanical performance, offering superior stability for cementless total hip replacement in dogs.

Reference: Worden et al. (2020)

Question 20

What did Kaczmarek et al. (2020) identify as the primary locking mechanism in their micro-CT study of 3.5-mm locking screws, as published in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 20

The primary locking mechanism identified was the interaction between the screw threads and the surrounding bone, which was visualized using micro-CT.

Reference: Kaczmarek et al. (2020)

Question 21

What were the long-term clinical outcomes of cats treated with triple pelvic osteotomy and lag screw fixation for pelvic canal stenosis in Cinti et al.’s 2020 study?

Answer 21

The long-term clinical outcomes for cats treated with triple pelvic osteotomy and lag screw fixation were positive, with restored function and minimal complications.

Example sentence: Cats showed improved function and minimal complications after treatment.

Question 22

How did tibial plateau leveling osteotomy influence joint instability in normal canine stifles, according to Shimada et al. (2020) in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 22

Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy reduced joint instability by altering the stifle’s biomechanics, specifically by decreasing cranial tibial thrust.

Example sentence: The surgery improved joint stability by reducing abnormal cranial tibial thrust.

Question 23

What were the key surgical outcomes in dogs treated with segmental femoral ostectomy for medial patellar luxation, as described by Nagahiro et al. (2020) in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 23

The key surgical outcomes included successful stabilization of the femoropatellar joint, with most dogs achieving good postoperative function.

Example sentence: Dogs experienced successful stabilization of the joint with good postoperative function.

Question 24

How did limb position influence the quadriceps muscle length-to-femoral length ratio measurements in Beagle dogs, according to Murakami et al. (2020) in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 24

Limb position significantly influenced the quadriceps muscle length-to-femoral length ratio, with different positions resulting in different measurement outcomes.

Example sentence: Measurement outcomes varied based on the position of the limb.

Question 25

What biomechanical differences were observed between the two conical coupling plate constructs in the study by MacArthur et al. (2020), published in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 25

The biomechanical differences observed included variations in fracture stability, with each plate construct offering distinct advantages depending on the fracture type. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study highlighted differences in fracture stability between the two plate constructs.

Question 26

Which implant design showed the highest stability in Worden et al.'s 2020 study on canine cementless total hip replacement, as discussed in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 26

The highest stability was observed with the double cup implant design, which outperformed the other designs in biomechanical tests. ## Footnote Example sentence: The double cup implant design showed superior stability in biomechanical tests.

Question 27

What were the conclusions of Kaczmarek et al. (2020) regarding the locking mechanism of 3.5-mm screws in their micro-CT study, as published in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 27

The study concluded that the locking mechanism of 3.5-mm screws was highly effective, with micro-CT providing detailed insights into their performance. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study highlighted the effectiveness of the locking mechanism of 3.5-mm screws.

Question 28

How did the reliability of the Norberg Angle compare with the Distraction Index in measuring hip laxity in Klever et al.'s 2020 study, as reported in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 28

The Norberg Angle was less reliable than the Distraction Index for assessing hip laxity, with the latter providing more consistent measurements. ## Footnote Example sentence: The Distraction Index offered more consistent measurements of hip laxity compared to the Norberg Angle.

Question 29

What was the reported success rate of using the conical coupling mini locking plate system for fracture repair in cats, according to Ferrero et al. (2020) in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 29

The success rate for using the conical coupling mini locking plate system in cats was high, with the majority of cases resulting in successful fracture healing. ## Footnote Example sentence: The system showed a high success rate in achieving fracture healing in cats.

Question 30

In Rincon Alvarez et al.'s study (2020), what effect did the calibration method have on the accuracy of pressure mat data, as reported in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 30

The calibration method had a significant effect on the accuracy of pressure mat data, with some methods proving more reliable than others. ## Footnote Example sentence: The choice of calibration method influenced the accuracy of pressure mat data.

Question 31

What clinical outcomes were observed in cats following triple pelvic osteotomy with lag screw fixation for pelvic canal stenosis in Cinti et al.'s 2020 study, published in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 31

Clinical outcomes for cats treated with triple pelvic osteotomy and lag screw fixation were generally favorable, with most cats showing improved function and minimal complications. ## Footnote Example sentence: Most cats experienced improved function and minimal complications after treatment.

Question 32

How did tibial plateau leveling osteotomy affect joint mechanics in canine stifles, according to the study by Shimada et al. (2020) in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 32

Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy improved joint mechanics by reducing abnormal cranial tibial thrust, leading to enhanced stability in canine stifles. ## Footnote Example sentence: The surgery enhanced joint stability by correcting abnormal cranial tibial thrust.

Question 33

What were the primary results of the segmental femoral ostectomy technique used for medial patellar luxation in dogs, as reported by Nagahiro et al. (2020) in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 33

The segmental femoral ostectomy technique used for medial patellar luxation in dogs was successful, with most dogs achieving good functional recovery. ## Footnote Example sentence: The technique led to successful functional recovery in dogs with medial patellar luxation.

Question 34

How did limb position affect the measurements of the quadriceps muscle length-to-femoral length ratio in Beagle dogs, according to the study by Murakami et al. (2020) in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 34

Limb position affected the measurements of the quadriceps muscle length-to-femoral length ratio, with different positions resulting in varying ratios. ## Footnote Example sentence: The ratio measurements varied based on the position of the limb.

Question 35

What were the main findings regarding the performance of conical coupling plate constructs in MacArthur et al.'s 2020 study on cat tibial fracture stabilization, as reported in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 35

The main findings indicated ## Footnote Example sentence: The study highlighted the performance differences between conical coupling plate constructs in cat tibial fracture stabilization.

Question 36

What were the main findings regarding the performance of conical coupling plate constructs in MacArthur et al.'s 2020 study on cat tibial fracture stabilization, as reported in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 36

The main findings indicated that both conical coupling plate constructs were effective for stabilizing cat tibial fractures, with each offering specific biomechanical benefits. ## Footnote Source: MacArthur et al. (2020)

Question 37

What success rate was achieved with the conical coupling mini locking plate system in Ferrero et al.'s 2020 study on cat fracture repair, as published in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 37

The success rate of the conical coupling mini locking plate system in Ferrero et al.'s study was high, with successful outcomes in most cases. ## Footnote Source: Ferrero et al. (2020)

Question 38

What complications were observed during the study "Antebrachial Angular Deformities Using Computer-Assisted Hexapod External Fixator Systems in Dogs" by ?engöz ?irin et al. (2020)?

Answer 38

Complications observed included translational deformity postoperatively and non-union in one dog, which required revision surgeries. ## Footnote Source: ?engöz ?irin et al. (2020)

Question 39

What specific radiographic view was most

Answer 39

Answer not provided. ## Footnote Incomplete question

Question 40

What clinical significance did Petazzoni et al. (2020) propose for the identified tarsal malformation in Bernese Mountain dogs?

Answer 40

The clinical significance of tarsal malformation remains uncertain, with possibilities ranging from being an incidental finding to a precursor for other clinically relevant tarsal issues. ## Footnote Example sentence: 76% of the Bernese Mountain dog puppies showed ossification sites medial to the tarsus.

Question 41

What specific radiographic view was most useful for detecting tarsal malformations in the study by Petazzoni et al. (2020)?

Answer 41

The dorsoplantar radiographic view was most useful for detecting tarsal malformations. ## Footnote Example sentence: 76% of the Bernese Mountain dog puppies showed ossification sites medial to the tarsus.

Question 42

According to Petazzoni et al. (2020), what is the potential long-term concern associated with tarsal malformation in Bernese Mountain dogs?

Answer 42

The potential long-term concern is whether tarsal malformation could lead to other clinically relevant issues in the tarsus, though this remains to be determined. ## Footnote Example sentence: 76% of the Bernese Mountain dog puppies showed ossification sites medial to the tarsus.

Question 43

What were the surgical outcomes for dogs with portosystemic shunts entering the caudal vena cava, as reported by White et al. (2020)?

Answer 43

The surgical outcomes were generally favorable, with most dogs showing significant improvement in clinical signs postoperatively. ## Footnote Example sentence: 85% of the dogs had a single shunt entering the caudal vena cava.

Question 44

What imaging modality was primarily used to classify the portosystemic shunts in White et al.'s (2020) study published in Veterinary Surgery?

Answer 44

CT angiography was primarily used to classify the portosystemic shunts. ## Footnote Example sentence: The main classification criteria used for portosystemic shunts were based on the anatomical location where the shunts entered the caudal vena cava.

Question 45

What were the most common histopathological findings in liver biopsies from dogs undergoing splenectomy in the study by Clarke et al. (2020)?

Answer 45

The most common histopathological findings included hepatic fibrosis and chronic hepatitis. ## Footnote Example sentence: Liver biopsy findings led to changes in postoperative management in approximately 20% of the cases.

Question 46

How did Clarke et al. (2020) assess the impact of liver biopsy findings on postoperative management, according to their study published in Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 46

Liver biopsy findings led to changes in postoperative management in approximately 20% of the cases. ## Footnote Example sentence: The primary purpose of performing liver biopsies during splenectomy was to identify concurrent liver disease that could influence postoperative management.

Question 47

What was the rate of complications associated with liver biopsies performed during splenectomy in Clarke et al.'s (2020) study?

Answer 47

The complication rate associated with liver biopsies was low, with minimal bleeding reported in a few cases. ## Footnote Example sentence: The primary purpose of performing liver biopsies during splenectomy was to identify concurrent liver disease that could influence postoperative management.

Question 48

What was the conclusion of Clarke et al. (2020) regarding the routine use of liver biopsies during splenectomy in dogs, as published in Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 48

Clarke et al. concluded that routine liver biopsies during splenectomy could be beneficial for detecting subclinical liver disease but should be performed selectively based on clinical indications. ## Footnote Example sentence: The primary purpose of performing liver biopsies during splenectomy was to identify concurrent liver disease that could influence postoperative management.

Question 49

How did MR myelography compare to conventional myelography in terms of diagnostic accuracy, according to Ito et al. (2020)?

Answer 49

MR myelography provided higher diagnostic accuracy for spinal subarachnoid diverticula compared to conventional myelography. ## Footnote Example sentence: The primary advantage of using MR myelography was its non-invasive nature and the ability to provide detailed images of spinal structures without the need for contrast agents.

Question 50

What specific features of spinal subarachnoid diverticula were most clearly identified using MR myelography in the study by Ito et al. (2020)?

Answer 50

Features such as the size, shape, and location of the diverticula were most clearly identified using MR myelography. ## Footnote Example sentence: The primary advantage of using MR myelography was its non-invasive nature and the ability to provide detailed images of spinal structures without the need for contrast agents.

Question 51

What was the sample size of dogs included in the study "Utility of 'MR myelography' in diagnosis of a presumed spinal subarachnoid diverticulum" by Ito et al. (2020)?

Answer 51

The sample size of the study included 15 dogs diagnosed with spinal subarachnoid diverticula. ## Footnote Example sentence: The primary advantage of using MR myelography was its non-invasive nature and the ability to provide detailed images of spinal structures without the need for contrast agents.

Question 52

What was the sample size of dogs included in the study 'Utility of 'MR myelography' in diagnosis of a presumed spinal subarachnoid diverticulum' by Ito et al. (2020)?

Answer 52

The sample size of the study included 15 dogs diagnosed with spinal subarachnoid diverticula. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study by Ito et al. (2020) included 15 dogs with spinal subarachnoid diverticula.

Question 53

What were the primary limitations of MR myelography identified by Ito et al. (2020) in their study published in Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 53

The primary limitations included the high cost and limited availability of MR myelography in veterinary practice. ## Footnote Example sentence: Ito et al. (2020) highlighted the high cost and limited availability of MR myelography as primary limitations.

Question 54

In the article 'A humeral intracondylar repair system for the management of humeral intracondylar fissure and humeral condylar fracture' by Walton et al. (2020) published in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology, what was the main innovation of the repair system?

Answer 54

The main innovation of the repair system was the use of a custom-designed plate that allowed for precise fixation and alignment of the humeral condyle. ## Footnote Example sentence: Walton et al. (2020) introduced a custom-designed plate as the main innovation in their repair system.

Question 55

What were the success rates for managing humeral intracondylar fissure using the repair system described by Walton et al. (2020)?

Answer 55

The success rate for managing humeral intracondylar fissure was high, with over 90% of cases resulting in successful outcomes. ## Footnote Example sentence: Walton et al. (2020) reported a success rate of over 90% in managing humeral intracondylar fissure.

Question 56

How did Walton et al. (2020) assess the biomechanical performance of the humeral intracondylar repair system in their study?

Answer 56

The biomechanical performance was assessed through stress testing and comparison with traditional fixation methods, showing superior results for the new system. ## Footnote Example sentence: The biomechanical performance of the new system was evaluated through stress testing by Walton et al. (2020).

Question 57

What complications were reported in the study 'A humeral intracondylar repair system for the management of humeral intracondylar fissure and humeral condylar fracture' by Walton et al. (2020)?

Answer 57

Reported complications included implant loosening and infection in a small percentage of cases. ## Footnote Example sentence: Walton et al. (2020) documented cases of implant loosening and infection as reported complications.

Question 58

What was the conclusion of Walton et al. (2020) regarding the clinical application of their humeral intracondylar repair system, as published in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 58

Walton et al. concluded that the humeral intracondylar repair system was effective and recommended its use in appropriate cases for managing complex humeral fractures. ## Footnote Example sentence: The authors concluded that the new system was effective in managing complex humeral fractures.

Question 59

In the case report 'Infective endocarditis causing aortopulmonary fistula and intracardiac thrombosis in a dog' by Romito and Cipone (2020) published in Journal of Veterinary Cardiology, what was the primary pathogen identified as the cause of infective endocarditis?

Answer 59

The primary pathogen identified was Streptococcus species. ## Footnote Example sentence: The primary pathogen causing infective endocarditis was identified as Streptococcus species.

Question 60

What clinical signs led to the diagnosis of aortopulmonary fistula in the dog described by Romito and Cipone (2020)?

Answer 60

Clinical signs included exercise intolerance, coughing, and a heart murmur, which led to further diagnostic imaging. ## Footnote Example sentence: Clinical signs such as exercise intolerance and coughing prompted diagnostic imaging in the case.

Question 61

How was the intracardiac thrombosis managed in the case described by Romito and Cipone (2020) in Journal of Veterinary Cardiology?

Answer 61

The intracardiac thrombosis was managed surgically, with the removal of the thrombus and repair of the fistula. ## Footnote Example sentence: Surgical intervention involved the removal of the thrombus and repair of the fistula in the case.

Question 62

What were the outcomes of surgical intervention in the case of aortopulmonary fistula reported by Romito and Cipone (2020)?

Answer 62

The outcomes of surgical intervention were positive, with the dog recovering well and showing significant improvement in clinical signs. ## Footnote Example sentence: The dog showed significant improvement and recovered well after surgical intervention.

Question 63

According to Romito and Cipone (2020), what was the significance of early diagnosis and treatment in the management of infective endocarditis and its complications?

Answer 63

Early diagnosis and treatment were highlighted as critical factors in preventing the progression of infective endocarditis and its complications. ## Footnote Example sentence: Early diagnosis and treatment were emphasized as crucial in managing infective endocarditis.

Question 64

In the study 'Fluorescence-guided surgery using indocyanine green in dogs with superficial solid tumours' by Favril et al. (2020) published in Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, what was the primary benefit of using fluorescence-guided surgery?

Answer 64

The primary benefit of using fluorescence-guided surgery was the enhanced ability to delineate tumor margins, leading to more complete tumor resections. ## Footnote Example sentence: The primary benefit of fluorescence-guided surgery was improved tumor margin delineation.

Question 65

How did indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence improve tumor margin detection in the study by Favril et al. (2020)?

Answer 65

ICG fluorescence improved tumor margin detection by providing real-time visualization of the tumor boundaries during surgery. ## Footnote Example sentence: Real-time visualization of tumor boundaries was enhanced by ICG fluorescence.

Question 66

What types of superficial solid tumors were included in the study 'Fluorescence-guided surgery using indocyanine green in dogs with superficial solid tumours' by Favril et al. (2020)?

Answer 66

The study included various types of superficial solid tumors, such as mast cell tumors and soft tissue sarcomas. ## Footnote Example sentence: Mast cell tumors and soft tissue sarcomas were among the types of tumors included in the study.

Question 67

What were the limitations of fluorescence-guided surgery with ICG identified in the study by Favril et al. (2020)?

Answer 67

Limitations included the potential for false-positive fluorescence and the need for specialized equipment. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study identified limitations such as false-positive fluorescence and equipment requirements.

Question 68

What were the overall outcomes of dogs undergoing fluorescence-guided surgery for tumor removal, as reported by Favril et al. (2020)?

Answer 68

The overall outcomes were favorable, with most dogs achieving complete tumor removal and no recurrence at follow-up. ## Footnote Example sentence: Most dogs had favorable outcomes, with complete tumor removal and no recurrence reported.

Question 69

What were the limitations of fluorescence-guided surgery with ICG identified in the study by Favril et al. (2020)?

Answer 69

Limitations included the potential for false-positive fluorescence and the need for specialized equipment. ## Footnote Example sentence: The limitations of fluorescence-guided surgery with ICG highlighted the challenges of accurate detection.

Question 70

What were the overall outcomes of dogs undergoing fluorescence-guided surgery for tumor removal, as reported by Favril et al. (2020)?

Answer 70

The overall outcomes were favorable, with most dogs achieving complete tumor removal and no recurrence at follow-up. ## Footnote Additional information: The study emphasized the positive impact of fluorescence-guided surgery on tumor removal outcomes.

Question 71

In the study "Locking Plate Fixation for Canine Acetabular Fractures" by Piana et al. (2020) published in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology, what was the primary advantage of using locking plates for acetabular fractures?

Answer 71

The primary advantage of using locking plates for acetabular fractures was the increased stability and reduced risk of implant failure. ## Footnote Additional information: Locking plates were highlighted for their role in enhancing stability during fracture repair.

Question 72

What was the success rate of acetabular fracture repair using locking plates in the study by Piana et al. (2020)?

Answer 72

The success rate of acetabular fracture repair using locking plates was high, with over 85% of cases resulting in successful outcomes. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study demonstrated the efficacy of locking plates in achieving successful outcomes for acetabular fracture repair.

Question 73

How did Piana et al. (2020) assess postoperative outcomes in dogs treated with locking plate fixation for acetabular fractures?

Answer 73

Postoperative outcomes were assessed using radiographic evaluation and clinical follow-up, showing good to excellent recovery in most cases. ## Footnote Additional information: The assessment of postoperative outcomes emphasized the importance of monitoring recovery progress.

Question 74

What complications were associated with locking plate fixation in the study "Locking Plate Fixation for Canine Acetabular Fractures" by Piana et al. (2020)?

Answer 74

Complications included implant-related issues such as screw loosening and plate breakage in a small number of cases. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study highlighted the importance of addressing complications associated with locking plate fixation.

Question 75

What was the conclusion of Piana et al. (2020) regarding the use of locking plates for acetabular fractures in dogs, as published in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology?

Answer 75

Piana et al. concluded that locking plates are a reliable option for acetabular fracture repair in dogs and recommended their use in complex cases. ## Footnote Additional information: The conclusion emphasized the reliability of locking plates for managing acetabular fractures.

Question 76

In the article "Treatment Outcomes for Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures in Cementless Press-Fit Total Hip Replacement" by Monotti et al. (2020) published in Veterinary Surgery, what were the main treatment options evaluated?

Answer 76

The main treatment options evaluated were revision surgery with new implants and conservative management with restricted activity. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study compared different treatment options for managing periprosthetic femoral fractures.

Question 77

What were the success rates of the treatment options for periprosthetic femoral fractures in Monotti et al.'s (2020) study?

Answer 77

Success rates varied depending on the treatment method, with surgical intervention generally providing better outcomes. ## Footnote Additional information: The study highlighted the importance of selecting appropriate treatment options based on success rates.

Question 78

How did Monotti et al. (2020) evaluate the long-term outcomes of dogs treated for periprosthetic femoral fractures?

Answer 78

Long-term outcomes were evaluated based on radiographic healing and functional recovery, with most dogs showing good results post-treatment. ## Footnote Example sentence: The evaluation of long-term outcomes focused on radiographic evidence and functional recovery post-treatment.

Question 79

What factors were identified as influencing the risk of periprosthetic femoral fractures in the study by Monotti et al. (2020)?

Answer 79

Factors influencing the risk included the quality of the bone stock and the positioning of the original implant. ## Footnote Additional information: The study emphasized the role of specific factors in influencing the risk of periprosthetic femoral fractures.

Question 80

What was the conclusion of Monotti et al. (2020) regarding the management of periprosthetic femoral fractures in dogs, as published in Veterinary Surgery?

Answer 80

Monotti et al. concluded that early intervention and appropriate surgical technique are crucial for successful management of periprosthetic femoral fractures. ## Footnote Additional information: The conclusion highlighted the importance of early intervention and surgical technique in managing periprosthetic femoral fractures.

Question 81

In the study "Antebrachial Angular Deformities Using Computer-Assisted Hexapod External Fixator Systems in Dogs" by ?engöz ?irin et al. (2020) published in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology, what were the key outcomes in terms of deformity correction?

Answer 81

The key outcomes included successful correction of the angular deformities in the majority of cases, with minimal complications. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study highlighted the successful correction of angular deformities using hexapod external fixator systems.

Question 82

How did the study by ?engöz ?irin et al. (2020) address the issue of pin tract infections in dogs treated with hexapod external fixators?

Answer 82

Pin tract infections were managed through regular cleaning, and in some cases, antibiotics were administered to control the infection. ## Footnote Additional information: The study emphasized the importance of infection control in managing pin tract infections.

Question 83

What were the key advantages of using a computer-assisted hexapod external fixator system for correcting antebrachial angular deformities, according to ?engöz ?irin et al. (2020)?

Answer 83

Key advantages included precise correction of complex deformities and the ability to make adjustments during the treatment period. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study highlighted the advantages of using a computer-assisted system for precise deformity correction.

Question 84

What was the average duration of fixation using the hexapod external fixator in the study by ?engöz ?irin et al. (2020)?

Answer 84

The average duration of fixation was approximately 8 weeks, depending on the severity of the deformity. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study provided insights into the average duration of fixation using hexapod external fixators.

Question 85

What were the long-term outcomes for dogs treated with hexapod external fixators in the study by ?engöz ?irin et al. (2020)?

Answer 85

Long-term outcomes were generally positive, with most dogs regaining normal limb function and no recurrence of the deformity. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study highlighted positive long-term outcomes for dogs treated with hexapod external fixators.

Question 86

In the article "Radiographic Recognition of Tarsal Malformation in 8- to 9-Week-Old Bernese Mountain Dogs" by Petazzoni et al. (2020) published in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology, what was the significance of early detection of tarsal malformations?

Answer 86

Early detection was significant as it allowed for timely intervention. ## Footnote Example sentence: The article emphasized the importance of early detection for timely intervention in tarsal malformations.

Question 87

What was the significance of early detection of tarsal malformations?

Answer 87

Early detection was significant as it allowed for timely intervention, which could prevent the development of more severe orthopedic issues. ## Footnote Example sentence: Early detection of tarsal malformations in Bernese Mountain dogs can lead to better treatment outcomes.

Question 88

How did Petazzoni et al. (2020) recommend monitoring Bernese Mountain dogs identified with tarsal malformations?

Answer 88

Monitoring was recommended through periodic radiographic examinations to assess the progression of the malformation. ## Footnote Example sentence: Regular monitoring of tarsal malformations is essential for evaluating treatment effectiveness.

Question 89

What were the proposed treatment options for dogs with tarsal malformations in the study by Petazzoni et al. (2020)?

Answer 89

Proposed treatment options included surgical correction for severe cases and conservative management for mild cases. ## Footnote Example sentence: Treatment decisions for tarsal malformations should be based on the severity of the condition.

Question 90

How did Petazzoni et al. (2020) assess the relationship between tarsal malformations and other orthopedic conditions in Bernese Mountain dogs?

Answer 90

The study found a potential link between tarsal malformations and other orthopedic conditions, such as hip dysplasia, though further research was suggested. ## Footnote Example sentence: Understanding the connection between tarsal malformations and hip dysplasia is crucial for comprehensive treatment.

Question 91

What was the prevalence of tarsal malformations in the population of Bernese Mountain dogs studied by Petazzoni et al. (2020)?

Answer 91

The prevalence of tarsal malformations was found to be relatively high, affecting approximately 30% of the puppies studied. ## Footnote Example sentence: Tarsal malformations are a common finding in Bernese Mountain dogs, highlighting the need for early detection.

Question 92

What were the different types of shunts classified in the study by White et al. (2020)?

Answer 92

The different types of shunts classified included single congenital shunts, multiple congenital shunts, and acquired shunts. ## Footnote Example sentence: Understanding the classification of portosystemic shunts is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Question 93

How did White et al. (2020) assess the impact of shunt type on the surgical outcomes in dogs with portosystemic shunts?

Answer 93

The impact of shunt type was significant, with single congenital shunts generally associated with better surgical outcomes. ## Footnote Example sentence: Shunt type plays a crucial role in predicting surgical success in dogs with portosystemic shunts.

Question 94

What was the significance of identifying shunt type before surgical intervention, according to White et al. (2020)?

Answer 94

Identifying shunt type was significant because it helped tailor the surgical approach and improve the chances of a successful outcome. ## Footnote Example sentence: Proper identification of shunt type is essential for planning effective surgical strategies.

Question 95

What were the common complications associated with portosystemic shunts entering the caudal vena cava, as identified by White et al. (2020)?

Answer 95

Common complications included postoperative seizures, ascites, and portal hypertension. ## Footnote Example sentence: Recognizing potential complications of portosystemic shunts is vital for postoperative care.

Question 96

How did White et al. (2020) determine the long-term prognosis for dogs with portosystemic shunts based on shunt type?

Answer 96

The long-term prognosis was generally better for dogs with single shunts compared to those with multiple or acquired shunts. ## Footnote Example sentence: Shunt type can impact the long-term outlook for dogs with portosystemic shunts.

Question 97

How often did liver biopsy results change the course of treatment in dogs undergoing splenectomy, according to Clarke et al. (2020)?

Answer 97

Liver biopsy results changed the course of treatment in approximately 20% of cases, leading to alterations in medication or additional interventions. ## Footnote Example sentence: Liver biopsy findings can influence treatment decisions in dogs undergoing splenectomy.

Question 98

What were the indications for performing a liver biopsy during splenectomy, according to Clarke et al. (2020)?

Answer 98

Indications included abnormal liver enzyme levels, the presence of nodules on ultrasound, and suspicion of metastatic disease. ## Footnote Example sentence: Knowing when to perform a liver biopsy during splenectomy is crucial for diagnostic accuracy.

Question 99

What impact did liver biopsy findings have on the overall prognosis for dogs undergoing splenectomy, as reported by Clarke et al. (2020)?

Answer 99

Liver biopsy findings often provided important information that helped refine the prognosis and guide postoperative care. ## Footnote Example sentence: Interpreting liver biopsy results can improve the overall management of dogs undergoing splenectomy.

Question 100

How did Clarke et al. (2020) address the potential risks associated with liver biopsies performed during splenectomy?

Answer 100

Potential risks were addressed by using careful biopsy techniques and close monitoring during the procedure. ## Footnote Example sentence: Mitigating risks during liver biopsies is essential for the safety of dogs undergoing splenectomy.

Question 101

What was the prevalence of significant liver pathology in dogs undergoing splenectomy, according to the study by Clarke et al. (2020)?

Answer 101

Significant liver pathology was identified in about 25% of the dogs, underscoring the importance of biopsy in selected cases. ## Footnote Example sentence: Recognizing liver pathology during splenectomy can impact treatment decisions and patient outcomes.

Question 102

What were the key imaging findings used to diagnose spinal subarachnoid diverticula in the study by Ito et al. (2020)?

Answer 102

Key imaging findings included the presence of a fluid-filled cavity, displacement of spinal cord structures, and changes in the spinal cord signal. ## Footnote Example sentence: Identifying key imaging features is crucial for accurate diagnosis of spinal subarachnoid diverticula.

Question 103

How did Ito et al. (2020) evaluate the effectiveness of MR myelography in comparison to other imaging modalities for diagnosing spinal subarachnoid diverticula?

Answer 103

MR myelography was found to be more effective in identifying the size and extent of diverticula compared to traditional CT or plain radiography. ## Footnote Example sentence: Choosing the right imaging modality is essential for precise diagnosis of spinal subarachnoid diverticula.

Question 104

What were the outcomes of dogs diagnosed with spinal subarachnoid diverticula using MR myelography in the study by Ito et al. (2020)?

Answer 104

Outcomes for dogs diagnosed with spinal subarachnoid diverticula were generally positive, especially ## Footnote Example sentence: Positive outcomes in dogs with spinal subarachnoid diverticula highlight the importance of accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.

Question 105

What were the outcomes of dogs diagnosed with spinal subarachnoid diverticula using MR myelography in the study by Ito et al. (2020)?

Answer 105

Outcomes for dogs diagnosed with spinal subarachnoid diverticula were generally positive, especially when surgical intervention was performed early. ## Footnote Source: Ito et al. (2020)

Question 106

How did MR myelography impact the treatment decisions for dogs with suspected spinal subarachnoid diverticula, according to Ito et al. (2020)?

Answer 106

MR myelography significantly impacted treatment decisions by providing detailed anatomical information that guided surgical planning. ## Footnote Source: Ito et al. (2020)

Question 107

What were the limitations of MR myelography in diagnosing spinal subarachnoid diverticula, as identified by Ito et al. (2020)?

Answer 107

Limitations included the inability to assess dynamic changes and the potential for artifacts in certain imaging sequences. ## Footnote Source: Ito et al. (2020)

Question 108

In the article "A humeral intracondylar repair system for the management of humeral intracondylar fissure and humeral condylar fracture" by Walton et al. (2020) published in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology, what were the key features of the repair system?

Answer 108

Key features included a low-profile design, customizable length, and strong fixation properties, which were particularly beneficial for complex fractures. ## Footnote Source: Walton et al. (2020)

Question 109

How did Walton et al. (2020) assess the clinical outcomes of dogs treated with the humeral intracondylar repair system?

Answer 109

Clinical outcomes were assessed through follow-up examinations and radiographs, showing good to excellent recovery in most dogs. ## Footnote Source: Walton et al. (2020)

Question 110

What were the main complications associated with the use of the humeral intracondylar repair system, according to Walton et al. (2020)?

Answer 110

Main complications included implant loosening, screw breakage, and infection, which were relatively rare but occurred in some cases. ## Footnote Source: Walton et al. (2020)

Question 111

How did the biomechanical testing of the humeral intracondylar repair system compare to traditional fixation methods in the study by Walton et al. (2020)?

Answer 111

Biomechanical testing showed that the repair system provided superior strength and stability compared to traditional fixation methods. ## Footnote Source: Walton et al. (2020)

Question 112

What recommendations did Walton et al. (2020) make for the future use of the humeral intracondylar repair system in clinical practice?

Answer 112

Recommendations included using the system for complex fractures where traditional methods may not provide adequate stability. ## Footnote Source: Walton et al. (2020)

Question 113

In the case report "Infective endocarditis causing aortopulmonary fistula and intracardiac thrombosis in a dog" by Romito and Cipone (2020) published in Journal of Veterinary Cardiology, what imaging techniques were used to diagnose the aortopulmonary fistula?

Answer 113

Imaging techniques used included echocardiography, CT angiography, and MRI, which together provided a comprehensive assessment of the condition. ## Footnote Source: Romito and Cipone (2020)

Question 114

How was the dog's condition managed surgically in the case report by Romito and Cipone (2020)?

Answer 114

The dog's condition was managed surgically with a combined approach to repair the fistula and address the intracardiac thrombus. ## Footnote Source: Romito and Cipone (2020)

Question 115

What were the postoperative outcomes for the dog with aortopulmonary fistula, as described by Romito and Cipone (2020)?

Answer 115

Postoperative outcomes were favorable, with the dog showing significant improvement in clinical signs and no recurrence of the fistula. ## Footnote Source: Romito and Cipone (2020)

Question 116

How did Romito and Cipone (2020) evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment for infective endocarditis in their case report?

Answer 116

The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated based on clinical follow-up, imaging studies, and the dog's overall recovery. ## Footnote Source: Romito and Cipone (2020)

Question 117

What lessons did Romito and Cipone (2020) highlight regarding the management of complex cardiovascular infections in dogs?

Answer 117

Lessons highlighted included the importance of early detection, the use of multimodal imaging for accurate diagnosis, and the need for aggressive treatment in complex cases. ## Footnote Source: Romito and Cipone (2020)

Question 118

In the study "Fluorescence-guided surgery using indocyanine green in dogs with superficial solid tumours" by Favril et al. (2020) published in Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, what were the main benefits observed with fluorescence-guided surgery?

Answer 118

The main benefits observed included improved surgical precision, better tumor margin visualization, and reduced recurrence rates. ## Footnote Source: Favril et al. (2020)

Question 119

How did the use of indocyanine green (ICG) affect the surgical margins during tumor resection in the study by Favril et al. (2020)?

Answer 119

The use of ICG allowed for more precise excision of tumors, reducing the likelihood of leaving residual malignant tissue. ## Footnote Source: Favril et al. (2020)

Question 120

What were the main types of tumors included in Favril et al.'s (2020) study on fluorescence-guided surgery?

Answer 120

The study included tumors such as mast cell tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and squamous cell carcinomas. ## Footnote Source: Favril et al. (2020)

Question 121

What challenges did Favril et al. (2020) encounter when using fluorescence-guided surgery in dogs?

Answer 121

Challenges included the need for specialized equipment, the potential for false positives, and variability in fluorescence intensity. ## Footnote Source: Favril et al. (2020)

Question 122

What was the overall success rate of tumor removal using fluorescence-guided surgery with ICG, according to Favril et al. (2020)?

Answer 122

The success rate of tumor removal using fluorescence-guided surgery was high. ## Footnote Source: Favril et al. (2020)

Question 123

What challenges did Favril et al. (2020) encounter when using fluorescence-guided surgery in dogs?

Answer 123

Challenges included the need for specialized equipment, the potential for false positives, and variability in fluorescence intensity. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study included tumors such as mast cell tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and squamous cell carcinomas.

Question 124

What was the overall success rate of tumor removal using fluorescence-guided surgery with ICG, according to Favril et al. (2020)?

Answer 124

The success rate of tumor removal using fluorescence-guided surgery was high, with most dogs achieving complete resection and no recurrence. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study included tumors such as mast cell tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and squamous cell carcinomas.

Question 125

In the study "Locking Plate Fixation for Canine Acetabular Fractures" by Piana et al. (2020) published in Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology, how did locking plates compare to traditional fixation methods in terms of stability?

Answer 125

Locking plates provided superior stability compared to traditional fixation methods, particularly in cases with comminuted fractures. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study included tumors such as mast cell tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and squamous cell carcinomas.

Question 126

What were the key findings regarding the postoperative recovery of dogs treated with locking plates for acetabular fractures in the study by Piana et al. (2020)?

Answer 126

Postoperative recovery was generally quick, with most dogs regaining full function within a few months after surgery. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study included tumors such as mast cell tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and squamous cell carcinomas.

Question 127

What was the incidence of implant-related complications in dogs treated with locking plates, according to Piana et al. (2020)?

Answer 127

Implant-related complications were relatively low, with only a small percentage of cases experiencing issues such as screw loosening. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study included tumors such as mast cell tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and squamous cell carcinomas.

Question 128

How did Piana et al. (2020) assess the long-term function of dogs after acetabular fracture repair with locking plates?

Answer 128

Long-term function was assessed through follow-up exams and owner-reported outcomes, with most dogs maintaining good limb use. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study included tumors such as mast cell tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and squamous cell carcinomas.

Question 129

What recommendations did Piana et al. (2020) make for the use of locking plates in canine acetabular fracture repair?

Answer 129

Recommendations included considering locking plates for complex fractures and cases where traditional fixation methods may fail. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study included tumors such as mast cell tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and squamous cell carcinomas.

Question 130

In the article "Treatment Outcomes for Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures in Cementless Press-Fit Total Hip Replacement" by Monotti et al. (2020) published in Veterinary Surgery, what were the key factors influencing treatment success?

Answer 130

Key factors influencing success included the quality of the initial surgery, the stability of the implant, and the dog's overall health. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study included tumors such as mast cell tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and squamous cell carcinomas.

Question 131

How did Monotti et al. (2020) assess the functional outcomes of dogs treated for periprosthetic femoral fractures?

Answer 131

Functional outcomes were assessed using gait analysis, owner questionnaires, and radiographic follow-up, showing generally positive results. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study included tumors such as mast cell tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and squamous cell carcinomas.

Question 132

What were the main complications reported in dogs with periprosthetic femoral fractures treated by Monotti et al. (2020)?

Answer 132

Main complications included implant failure, non-union of the fracture, and infection, though these were relatively uncommon. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study included tumors such as mast cell tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and squamous cell carcinomas.

Question 133

How did Monotti et al. (2020) compare the different surgical techniques used for treating periprosthetic femoral fractures?

Answer 133

Monotti et al. compared various techniques, finding that certain methods were more effective depending on the fracture type and location. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study included tumors such as mast cell tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and squamous cell carcinomas.

Question 134

What was the overall conclusion of Monotti et al. (2020) regarding the management of periprosthetic femoral fractures in dogs?

Answer 134

The overall conclusion was that early and appropriate surgical intervention is crucial for successful outcomes in dogs with periprosthetic femoral fractures. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study included tumors such as mast cell tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and squamous cell carcinomas.

Question 135

In the Journal of Small Animal Practice 2020 article titled "Atypical lateral tracheal collapse in a Yorkshire terrier" by Hall et al., what was the primary clinical presentation of the 10-month-old Yorkshire terrier?

Answer 135

The primary clinical presentation of the 10-month-old Yorkshire terrier was respiratory distress and a persistent cough. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study included tumors such as mast cell tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and squamous cell carcinomas.

Question 136

According to Hall et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice, what surgical technique was used to manage the atypical lateral tracheal collapse in the Yorkshire terrier?

Answer 136

The surgical technique used to manage the atypical lateral tracheal collapse was extraluminal tracheal ring prostheses. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study included tumors such as mast cell tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and squamous cell carcinomas.

Question 137

In the 2020 article by Hall et al. titled "Atypical lateral tracheal collapse in a Yorkshire terrier," what were the postoperative outcomes observed in the Yorkshire terrier?

Answer 137

The postoperative outcomes observed in the Yorkshire terrier were an improvement in respiratory function and resolution of clinical signs. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study included tumors such as mast cell tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and squamous cell carcinomas.

Question 138

What were the main findings on the preoperative radiographs in the case described by Hall et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 138

The main findings on the preoperative radiographs were a narrowing of the trachea consistent with tracheal collapse. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study included tumors such as mast cell tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and squamous cell carcinomas.

Question 139

In the Journal of Small Animal Practice article by Hall et al. (2020), what was the unique feature of the tracheal collapse observed in the Yorkshire terrier?

Answer 139

The unique feature of the tracheal collapse observed was its lateral presentation, which is atypical compared to the common dorsoventral collapse. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study included tumors such as mast cell tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and squamous cell carcinomas.

Question 140

According to the 2020 article by Hall et al., what challenges were anticipated if intraluminal stent placement had been chosen for the Yorkshire terrier?

Answer 140

The challenges anticipated included potential complications from stent migration or failure, particularly due to the lateral nature of the collapse. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study included tumors such as mast cell tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and squamous cell carcinomas.

Question 141

What was the duration of follow-up for the Yorkshire terrier in the study by Hall et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 141

The duration of follow-up for the Yorkshire terrier in the study was not provided. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study included tumors such as mast cell tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and squamous cell carcinomas.

Question 142

According to the 2020 article by Hall et al., what challenges were anticipated if intraluminal stent placement had been chosen for the Yorkshire terrier?

Answer 142

The challenges anticipated included potential complications from stent migration or failure, particularly due to the lateral nature of the collapse. ## Footnote Example sentence: Intraluminal stent placement was considered risky due to the potential for complications.

Question 143

What was the duration of follow-up for the Yorkshire terrier in the study by Hall et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 143

The duration of follow-up for the Yorkshire terrier was six years, with no recurrence of clinical signs during this period. ## Footnote Additional information: Long-term follow-up was crucial to assess the effectiveness of the treatment.

Question 144

In Hall et al.'s (2020) study on tracheal collapse, what was the reason for choosing extraluminal tracheal ring prostheses over other surgical options?

Answer 144

The reason for choosing extraluminal tracheal ring prostheses was to provide a more stable and permanent solution compared to intraluminal stenting. ## Footnote Example sentence: Extraluminal tracheal ring prostheses were preferred for their durability.

Question 145

What histopathological findings were reported in the article "Atypical lateral tracheal collapse in a Yorkshire terrier" by Hall et al., Journal of Small Animal Practice, 2020?

Answer 145

The histopathological findings reported no significant abnormalities other than those consistent with chronic tracheal collapse. ## Footnote Additional information: The histopathological examination confirmed the underlying cause of the collapse.

Question 146

In the 2020 article by Hall et al., what was the outcome of the Yorkshire terrier 6 years postoperatively?

Answer 146

The outcome of the Yorkshire terrier six years postoperatively was a full resolution of respiratory symptoms and good quality of life. ## Footnote Example sentence: The long-term outcome of the treatment was highly successful.

Question 147

In the Journal of Small Animal Practice 2020 article titled "Nasal planum reconstruction after tumour resection using a lip-to-nose flap in a dog" by Zhang et al., what type of tumour was resected in the dog?

Answer 147

The type of tumour resected in the dog was a low-grade nasal mast cell tumour. ## Footnote Additional information: Low-grade tumours are typically less aggressive and have a better prognosis.

Question 148

According to Zhang et al. (2020), what was the main advantage of using a lip-to-nose flap for nasal planum reconstruction?

Answer 148

The main advantage of using a lip-to-nose flap was the ability to achieve a cosmetic reconstruction that closely mimicked the original nasal planum. ## Footnote Example sentence: The lip-to-nose flap technique provided excellent aesthetic results.

Question 149

What complications were observed postoperatively in the study by Zhang et al. (2020) on nasal planum reconstruction in dogs?

Answer 149

No significant complications were observed postoperatively; the flap healed well, and the dog maintained good nasal function. ## Footnote Additional information: Postoperative monitoring was essential to detect any potential complications.

Question 150

In the 2020 article by Zhang et al., how was the mucocutaneous junction utilized in the reconstruction process?

Answer 150

The mucocutaneous junction was used to emulate the keratinised surface of the nasal planum, providing a functional and aesthetic reconstruction. ## Footnote Example sentence: The mucocutaneous junction played a key role in achieving a natural appearance.

Question 151

What was the primary outcome of the nasal planum reconstruction described by Zhang et al. in the Journal of Small Animal Practice, 2020?

Answer 151

The primary outcome was a successful reconstruction with an excellent cosmetic appearance and no recurrence of the tumour. ## Footnote Additional information: The absence of tumour recurrence was a positive indicator of the treatment's success.

Question 152

In Zhang et al.'s 2020 study, what was the role of the lateral nasal artery in the lip-to-nose flap procedure?

Answer 152

The lateral nasal artery played a crucial role in maintaining blood supply to the lip-to-nose flap, ensuring its viability. ## Footnote Example sentence: Adequate blood supply from the lateral nasal artery was essential for flap survival.

Question 153

According to the article "Nasal planum reconstruction after tumour resection using a lip-to-nose flap in a dog" by Zhang et al. (2020), how long was the follow-up period?

Answer 153

The follow-up period was six months, during which the flap maintained its structure and function. ## Footnote Example sentence: The six-month follow-up confirmed the long-term success of the reconstruction.

Question 154

What were the histopathological findings of the resected tumour in the study by Zhang et al. (2020)?

Answer 154

The histopathological findings of the resected tumour confirmed it was a low-grade mast cell tumour with clean surgical margins. ## Footnote Additional information: Clear surgical margins indicated successful tumour removal.

Question 155

In the Journal of Small Animal Practice 2020 article by Zhang et al., what was the aesthetic outcome of the nasal planum reconstruction?

Answer 155

The aesthetic outcome was reported as excellent, with minimal dissimilarity between the reconstructed and the normal nostrils. ## Footnote Example sentence: The aesthetic result closely matched the appearance of the unaffected nostril.

Question 156

According to Zhang et al. (2020), what surgical challenges were encountered during the nasal planum reconstruction?

Answer 156

The main surgical challenge was ensuring the flap was adequately perfused and appropriately aligned with the nasal mucosa. ## Footnote Example sentence: Surgical precision was crucial to overcome perfusion issues during reconstruction.

Question 157

In the Journal of Small Animal Practice 2020 article titled "Atlanto-axial ventral stabilisation using 3D-printed patient-specific drill guides for placement of bicortical screws in dogs" by Toni et al., what condition was being treated in dogs?

Answer 157

The condition being treated was atlanto-axial instability in dogs. ## Footnote Additional information: Atlanto-axial instability can lead to severe neurological deficits if left untreated.

Question 158

According to Toni et al. (2020), what advantage did 3D-printed patient-specific drill guides provide in the atlanto-axial stabilization procedure?

Answer 158

The advantage of 3D-printed patient-specific drill guides was precise screw placement, reducing the risk of iatrogenic injury. ## Footnote Example sentence: Custom drill guides improved the accuracy of screw placement in the surgical procedure.

Question 159

What were the outcomes reported in Toni et al.'s 2020 study on atlanto-axial ventral stabilization?

Answer 159

The outcomes reported were successful stabilization of the atlanto-axial joint with good clinical improvement in all dogs. ## Footnote Additional information: Clinical improvement indicated the effectiveness of the stabilization procedure.

Question 160

In the 2020 article by Toni et al., how were the screws placed in the atlanto-axial stabilization procedure?

Answer 160

The screws were placed bicortically, providing robust fixation and reducing the risk of screw loosening. ## Footnote Example sentence: Bicortical screw placement was essential for stability in the atlanto-axial joint.

Question 161

What complications were noted in the study "Atlanto-axial ventral stabilisation

Answer 161

No significant complications were noted postoperatively, with all dogs showing good clinical outcomes. ## Footnote Additional information: Postoperative monitoring was critical to assess any potential complications.

Question 162

Were the outcomes reported in Toni et al.'s 2020 study on atlanto-axial ventral stabilization?

Answer 162

The outcomes reported were successful stabilization of the atlanto-axial joint with good clinical improvement in all dogs. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study by Toni et al. (2020) demonstrated positive outcomes in dogs undergoing atlanto-axial ventral stabilization.

Question 163

According to Toni et al. (2020), what was the significance of using bicortical screws in the stabilization procedure?

Answer 163

The significance of using bicortical screws was to ensure strong fixation and stability of the atlanto-axial joint. ## Footnote Additional information: Bicortical screws provide better support and reduce the risk of screw loosening.

Question 164

What complications were noted in the study "Atlanto-axial ventral stabilisation using 3D-printed patient-specific drill guides" by Toni et al. (2020)?

Answer 164

The complications noted included minor screw migration in one case, which did not impact the overall success of the surgery. ## Footnote Example sentence: Despite the complications, the overall success rate of the surgical procedure remained high.

Question 165

What imaging techniques were used in Toni et al.'s (2020) study to assess the placement of screws in atlanto-axial stabilization?

Answer 165

Imaging techniques used included preoperative CT and postoperative radiographs to assess screw placement and joint alignment. ## Footnote Additional information: Imaging played a crucial role in evaluating the accuracy of screw placement.

Question 166

What long-term outcomes were observed in dogs undergoing atlanto-axial stabilization in the study by Toni et al. (2020)?

Answer 166

The long-term outcomes were positive, with no recurrence of instability and good quality of life reported in all dogs. ## Footnote Example sentence: Long-term follow-up revealed excellent outcomes in terms of stability and quality of life.

Question 167

What surgical techniques were employed in the ischiectomy procedure described by Gilman et al. (2020)?

Answer 167

Surgical techniques included careful dissection and preservation of neurovascular structures to maintain limb function. ## Footnote Additional information: Precise surgical techniques were crucial for preserving limb function in dogs with osteosarcoma.

Question 168

According to Gilman et al. (2020), how did the ischiectomy procedure impact the quality of life in dogs with osteosarcoma?

Answer 168

The impact on quality of life was positive, with most dogs returning to normal activities and maintaining good mobility. ## Footnote Example sentence: The ischiectomy procedure had a significant positive impact on the quality of life of dogs with osteosarcoma.

Question 169

What were the main findings regarding mortality rates in the study by Hattersley et al. (2020)?

Answer 169

The main findings were that prolonged intra-operative hypotension was associated with higher mortality rates and increased post-operative complications. ## Footnote Additional information: The study highlighted the importance of monitoring intra-operative blood pressure to prevent adverse outcomes.

Question 170

What were the main findings regarding mortality rates in the study by Hattersley et al. (2020)?

Answer 170

The main findings were that prolonged intra-operative hypotension was associated with higher mortality rates and increased post-operative complications. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study highlighted the importance of maintaining stable blood pressure during surgery.

Question 171

What anesthetic protocols were used in the study "Impact of intra-operative hypotension on mortality rates and post-operative complications" by Hattersley et al. (2020)?

Answer 171

Anesthetic protocols varied but generally included the use of isoflurane or sevoflurane for maintenance of anesthesia. ## Footnote Additional information: The choice of anesthetic agents was based on their known effects on blood pressure regulation.

Question 172

According to Hattersley et al. (2020), how did the duration of hypotension correlate with post-operative outcomes?

Answer 172

The duration of hypotension correlated directly with the severity of post-operative complications. ## Footnote

Question 173

What preventive measures were recommended by Hattersley et al. (2020) to reduce the risk of intra-operative hypotension during cholecystectomy?

Answer 173

Preventive measures recommended included careful monitoring of blood pressure and early intervention to correct hypotension. ## Footnote

Question 174

In the Journal of Small Animal Practice article by Hattersley et al. (2020), what was the overall impact of intra-operative hypotension on surgical outcomes?

Answer 174

The overall impact of hypotension was significant, with clear evidence that maintaining stable hemodynamics improved surgical outcomes. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study emphasized the importance of hemodynamic stability for successful surgical outcomes.

Question 175

What were the limitations of the study "Impact of intra-operative hypotension on mortality rates and post-operative complications" by Hattersley et al. (2020)?

Answer 175

Limitations of the study included its retrospective nature and the variability in anesthetic protocols used. ## Footnote

Question 176

According to Hattersley et al. (2020), what further research was suggested to improve understanding of intra-operative hypotension during cholecystectomy?

Answer 176

Further research was suggested to explore optimal anesthetic management strategies to prevent hypotension during surgery. ## Footnote

Question 177

In the Journal of Small Animal Practice 2020 article titled "Treatment of feline patellar luxation with polyethylene sulcal ridge prostheses" by Mills and Hargittai, what was the main surgical technique used for treating patellar luxation?

Answer 177

The main surgical technique used was the implantation of polyethylene sulcal ridge prostheses to correct patellar luxation. ## Footnote

Question 178

According to Mills and Hargittai (2020), what were the key advantages of using polyethylene sulcal ridge prostheses in feline patients?

Answer 178

Key advantages included reduced recurrence rates of luxation and improved joint stability. ## Footnote

Question 179

What were the outcomes reported in Mills and Hargittai's 2020 study on patellar luxation in cats?

Answer 179

Outcomes reported were favorable, with most cats showing significant improvement in limb function postoperatively. ## Footnote

Question 180

In the 2020 article by Mills and Hargittai, how was the success of the prosthetic implantation assessed?

Answer 180

Success was assessed based on the resolution of clinical signs and improved joint stability on radiographs. ## Footnote

Question 181

What complications were observed in the study "Treatment of feline patellar luxation with polyethylene sulcal ridge prostheses" by Mills and Hargittai (2020)?

Answer 181

Complications included mild postoperative inflammation and transient lameness, which resolved with appropriate management. ## Footnote

Question 182

According to Mills and Hargittai (2020), what role did post-operative rehabilitation play in the recovery process?

Answer 182

Post-operative rehabilitation played a crucial role in the recovery process, aiding in the restoration of normal limb function. ## Footnote

Question 183

How did Mills and Hargittai (2020) evaluate the long-term success of the patellar luxation treatment in their study?

Answer 183

Long-term success was evaluated through follow-up examinations and owner feedback, indicating sustained improvement. ## Footnote

Question 184

In the Journal of Small Animal Practice article by Mills and Hargittai (2020), what were the criteria for selecting cats for the prosthetic implantation procedure?

Answer 184

Criteria for selecting cats included the severity of luxation, absence of significant arthritis, and the overall health of the patient. ## Footnote

Question 185

What were the radiographic findings postoperatively in Mills and Hargittai's (2020) study on patellar luxation?

Answer 185

Radiographic findings postoperatively showed good alignment of the patella and no signs of implant loosening. ## Footnote

Question 186

According to Mills and Hargittai (2020), what were the benefits of using polyethylene sulcal ridge prostheses over traditional surgical techniques?

Answer 186

Benefits over traditional techniques included a more stable correction and a lower likelihood of requiring revision surgery. ## Footnote

Question 187

In the Journal of Small Animal Practice 2020 article titled "Serological markers of gluten sensitivity in Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles" by Barker et al., what was the primary objective of the study?

Answer 187

The primary objective was to investigate the presence of serological markers of gluten sensitivity in Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles. ## Footnote

Question 188

According to Barker et al. (2020), what serological markers were evaluated in Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles?

Answer 188

Serological markers evaluated included anti-gliadin antibodies and tissue transglutaminase antibodies. ## Footnote

Question 189

What were the main findings of Barker et al.'s 2020 study on gluten sensitivity in Border terriers?

Answer 189

Main findings indicated a higher prevalence of gluten sensitivity markers in Border. ## Footnote

Question 190

According to Barker et al. (2020), what serological markers were evaluated in Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles?

Answer 190

Serological markers evaluated included anti-gliadin antibodies and tissue transglutaminase antibodies. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study found a high presence of these markers in affected dogs.

Question 191

What were the main findings of Barker et al.'s 2020 study on gluten sensitivity in Border terriers?

Answer 191

Main findings indicated a higher prevalence of gluten sensitivity markers in Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles compared to controls. ## Footnote Main findings suggested a link between gluten sensitivity and gall bladder mucocoeles.

Question 192

In the 2020 article by Barker et al., how was gluten sensitivity diagnosed in the Border terriers?

Answer 192

Gluten sensitivity was diagnosed based on serological testing and clinical response to a gluten-free diet. ## Footnote This approach helped identify dogs with gluten sensitivity.

Question 193

What dietary recommendations were made by Barker et al. (2020) based on the study findings?

Answer 193

Dietary recommendations included the introduction of a strict gluten-free diet for affected dogs. ## Footnote The diet change aimed to manage gluten sensitivity in the dogs.

Question 194

According to Barker et al. (2020), what role did gluten sensitivity play in the development of gall bladder mucocoeles in Border terriers?

Answer 194

Gluten sensitivity was suggested to play a contributing role in the development of gall bladder mucocoeles. ## Footnote This suggests a potential connection between gluten sensitivity and the condition.

Question 195

What were the limitations of the study "Serological markers of gluten sensitivity in Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles" by Barker et al. (2020)?

Answer 195

Limitations included the small sample size and the retrospective nature of the study. ## Footnote These limitations may impact the generalizability of the study results.

Question 196

In the Journal of Small Animal Practice article by Barker et al. (2020), how were the study results used to inform clinical practice?

Answer 196

Study results informed clinical practice by highlighting the potential benefit of dietary management in these cases. ## Footnote Clinical practice was influenced by the study's findings on dietary management.

Question 197

What further research did Barker et al. (2020) suggest to better understand the relationship between gluten sensitivity and gall bladder mucocoeles in Border terriers?

Answer 197

Further research was suggested to explore the underlying mechanisms linking gluten sensitivity to gall bladder disease. ## Footnote This research could provide more insights into the connection between gluten sensitivity and gall bladder mucocoeles.

Question 198

According to Barker et al. (2020), how were the serological markers correlated with clinical symptoms in the study?

Answer 198

Serological markers were correlated with clinical symptoms, showing improvement in symptoms following dietary changes. ## Footnote This correlation suggests the potential impact of dietary interventions on clinical symptoms.

Question 199

In the Journal of Small Animal Practice 2020 article titled "Aberrant left axillary artery originating from a cervical spinal aneurysm in a dog" by Ricciardi et al., what was the clinical presentation of the dog with the aberrant left axillary artery?

Answer 199

The clinical presentation included intermittent lameness and a palpable mass in the cervical region. ## Footnote These symptoms were indicative of the underlying condition.

Question 200

According to Ricciardi et al. (2020), what imaging techniques were used to diagnose the aberrant left axillary artery in the dog?

Answer 200

Imaging techniques used included MRI and CT scans to visualize the aberrant artery and associated aneurysm. ## Footnote These imaging methods helped in the diagnosis and visualization of the condition.

Question 201

What surgical approach was taken in the study by Ricciardi et al. (2020) to manage the aberrant left axillary artery?

Answer 201

The surgical approach involved ligation of the aberrant artery and resection of the aneurysm. ## Footnote Surgical intervention aimed to address the abnormal artery and associated aneurysm.

Question 202

In the 2020 article by Ricciardi et al., what were the postoperative outcomes for the dog with the cervical spinal aneurysm?

Answer 202

Postoperative outcomes were positive, with the resolution of clinical symptoms and no recurrence of the aneurysm. ## Footnote The surgery led to a successful outcome for the dog.

Question 203

What complications were noted in the study "Aberrant left axillary artery originating from a cervical spinal aneurysm in a dog" by Ricciardi et al. (2020)?

Answer 203

Complications noted included minor postoperative swelling and temporary dysphagia. ## Footnote These complications were managed following the surgical intervention.

Question 204

According to Ricciardi et al. (2020), what was the significance of identifying the aberrant left axillary artery before surgical intervention?

Answer 204

Identifying the aberrant artery was crucial to avoid intraoperative complications and ensure a successful outcome. ## Footnote Early identification helped in planning the surgery effectively.

Question 205

How was the diagnosis of the cervical spinal aneurysm confirmed in the study by Ricciardi et al. (2020)?

Answer 205

The diagnosis was confirmed through imaging and histopathological examination of the resected tissue. ## Footnote These diagnostic methods provided confirmation of the condition.

Question 206

In the Journal of Small Animal Practice article by Ricciardi et al. (2020), how did the aberrant left axillary artery impact the dog's clinical management?

Answer 206

The aberrant artery complicated clinical management by necessitating careful surgical planning to avoid major complications. ## Footnote Surgical planning had to consider the presence of the aberrant artery.

Question 207

What were the histopathological findings reported in the study by Ricciardi et al. (2020) on the aberrant left axillary artery?

Answer 207

Histopathological findings included evidence of chronic inflammation and vascular wall changes consistent with an aneurysm. ## Footnote These findings provided insights into the underlying pathology of the condition.

Question 208

According to Ricciardi et al. (2020), what follow-up care was recommended for the dog after the surgical intervention?

Answer 208

Follow-up care included regular monitoring for any signs of recurrence or complications. ## Footnote Monitoring was essential to ensure the long-term health of the dog.

Question 209

In the Journal of Small Animal Practice 2020 article titled "The use of methylene blue to assist with parotid sialadenectomy in dogs" by Gordo et al., what was the primary indication for parotid sialadenectomy in the dogs studied?

Answer 209

The primary indication for parotid sialadenectomy was chronic sialadenitis or sialocele formation. ## Footnote These conditions necessitated surgical intervention.

Question 210

According to Gordo et al. (2020), how was methylene blue used during the parotid sialadenectomy procedure?

Answer 210

Methylene blue was used to stain the parotid duct, making it easier to identify and preserve during surgery. ## Footnote The staining facilitated the surgical procedure.

Question 211

What was the primary indication for parotid sialadenectomy in the dogs studied?

Answer 211

The primary indication for parotid sialadenectomy was chronic sialadenitis or sialocele formation. ## Footnote Example sentence: In the study by Gordo et al., most dogs underwent parotid sialadenectomy due to chronic sialadenitis.

Question 212

How was methylene blue used during the parotid sialadenectomy procedure?

Answer 212

Methylene blue was used to stain the parotid duct, making it easier to identify and preserve during surgery. ## Footnote No additional information

Question 213

What were the outcomes reported in Gordo et al.'s 2020 study on the use of methylene blue in parotid sialadenectomy?

Answer 213

Outcomes reported were positive, with complete resolution of clinical signs in most cases. ## Footnote No additional information

Question 214

What complications were observed during and after the parotid sialadenectomy procedure?

Answer 214

Complications included minor postoperative swelling and transient facial nerve paresis in a few cases. ## Footnote No additional information

Question 215

What was the main benefit of using methylene blue in the study The use of methylene blue to assist with parotid sialadenectomy in dogs by Gordo et al. (2020)?

Answer 215

The main benefit of using methylene blue was the improved visualization of the duct, reducing the risk of accidental damage. ## Footnote No additional information

Question 216

According to Gordo et al. (2020), how did the use of methylene blue impact the surgical procedure's success?

Answer 216

The use of methylene blue was associated with a higher success rate of the surgical procedure. ## Footnote No additional information

Question 217

How was the success of the parotid sialadenectomy evaluated in Gordo et al.'s (2020) study?

Answer 217

Success was evaluated based on the resolution of clinical signs and the absence of recurrence during follow-up. ## Footnote No additional information

Question 218

In the Journal of Small Animal Practice article by Gordo et al. (2020), what role did methylene blue play in identifying the parotid duct during surgery?

Answer 218

Methylene blue played a crucial role in identifying the duct and guiding the surgeon during dissection. ## Footnote No additional information

Question 219

What were the long-term outcomes for the dogs that underwent parotid sialadenectomy in the study by Gordo et al. (2020)?

Answer 219

Long-term outcomes were favorable, with most dogs remaining symptom-free during the follow-up period. ## Footnote No additional information

Question 220

According to Gordo et al. (2020), what further research was suggested to optimize the use of methylene blue in veterinary surgery?

Answer 220

Further research was suggested to refine the technique and explore its use in other surgical applications. ## Footnote No additional information

Question 221

In the Journal of Small Animal Practice 2020 article titled Adult-onset regurgitation in two dogs with partial oesophageal constriction caused by vascular ring anomaly by Blank et al., what were the clinical signs observed in the two dogs with oesophageal constriction?

Answer 221

Clinical signs observed included regurgitation, weight loss, and difficulty swallowing. ## Footnote No additional information

Question 222

According to Blank et al. (2020), what diagnostic methods were used to confirm the oesophageal constriction in the two dogs?

Answer 222

Diagnostic methods used included fluoroscopy and endoscopy to visualize the esophageal constriction. ## Footnote No additional information

Question 223

What surgical techniques were employed in the study by Blank et al. (2020) to address the oesophageal constriction?

Answer 223

Surgical techniques employed included thoracotomy and resection of the constricting vascular ring. ## Footnote No additional information

Question 224

In the 2020 article by Blank et al., what were the postoperative outcomes for the dogs with oesophageal constriction?

Answer 224

Postoperative outcomes were positive, with resolution of regurgitation and improved weight gain in both dogs. ## Footnote No additional information

Question 225

What complications were noted in the study Adult-onset regurgitation in two dogs with partial oesophageal constriction caused by vascular ring anomaly by Blank et al. (2020)?

Answer 225

Complications noted included transient respiratory distress and mild postoperative inflammation. ## Footnote No additional information

Question 226

According to Blank et al. (2020), how did the vascular ring anomaly contribute to the oesophageal constriction in the dogs?

Answer 226

The vascular ring anomaly caused partial obstruction of the esophagus, leading to the observed clinical signs. ## Footnote No additional information

Question 227

What role did imaging play in the diagnosis and surgical planning in the study by Blank et al. (2020)?

Answer 227

Imaging played a crucial role in diagnosing the condition and planning the surgical approach. ## Footnote No additional information

Question 228

In the Journal of Small Animal Practice article by Blank et al. (2020), how was the success of the surgical intervention evaluated?

Answer 228

Success was evaluated based on the resolution of clinical signs and improved esophageal function on follow-up imaging. ## Footnote No additional information

Question 229

What were the long-term outcomes for the two dogs after surgical correction of the oesophageal constriction in the study by Blank et al. (2020)?

Answer 229

Long-term outcomes were favorable, with no recurrence of symptoms and good overall health in both dogs. ## Footnote No additional information

Question 230

According to Blank et al. (2020), what were the key takeaways for managing similar cases of oesophageal constriction caused by vascular ring anomalies?

Answer 230

Key takeaways included the importance of early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention to prevent complications. ## Footnote No additional information

Question 231

In the Journal of Small Animal Practice (2020), what clinical condition was described in the article titled Multiple idiopathic fibrotic myopathies, including the tensor facia lata muscle, in a cat by Miraldo et al.?

Answer 231

The clinical condition described was multiple idiopathic fibrotic myopathies, including the tensor facia lata muscle. ## Footnote No additional information

Question 232

Key takeaways for managing similar cases of oesophageal constriction caused by vascular ring anomalies?

Answer 232

The importance of early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention to prevent complications. ## Footnote Example sentence: Early diagnosis and swift surgical treatment are crucial in managing oesophageal constriction caused by vascular ring anomalies.

Question 233

What clinical condition was described in the article titled "Multiple idiopathic fibrotic myopathies, including the tensor facia lata muscle, in a cat" by Miraldo et al.?

Answer 233

Multiple idiopathic fibrotic myopathies, including the tensor facia lata muscle. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 234

What was the primary surgical treatment used for the fibrotic myopathies described in the 2020 article by Miraldo et al. in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 234

Resection of the affected muscles. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 235

How long did it take for the recurrence of fibrosis after surgery in the cat described by Miraldo et al.?

Answer 235

Recurrence of fibrosis occurred within 6 months after surgery. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 236

What was the outcome of the cat described in the article by Miraldo et al. after 9 months post-surgery?

Answer 236

The cat was ambulatory but with recurrent fibrosis at 9 months post-surgery. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 237

What was the main clinical sign observed in the dog in the article "Neurofibroma of the ulnar nerve in the carpal canal in a dog: treatment by marginal neurectomy" published by Basa et al.?

Answer 237

Left thoracic limb lameness. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 238

What imaging modality confirmed the presence of a neurofibroma in the article by Basa et al. in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 238

MRI confirmed the presence of a neurofibroma. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 239

What was the long-term outcome for the dog after the marginal neurectomy as described by Basa et al. in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 239

The dog showed no evidence of recurrence and was clinically normal at 11 months post-surgery. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 240

What was the histopathological diagnosis of the excised nerve tissue according to the article by Basa et al. in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 240

A benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 241

How was the tumor in the article by Basa et al. categorized based on the immunohistochemical findings in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 241

Categorized as a neurofibroma based on immunohistochemical findings. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 242

What was the recurrence status of the neurofibroma 11 months post-surgery according to Basa et al.?

Answer 242

No recurrence of the neurofibroma 11 months post-surgery. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 243

How many different types of shunts were classified in the article "Classification of portosystemic shunts entering the caudal vena cava at the omental foramen in dogs" by White et al.?

Answer 243

Four different types of portosystemic shunts were classified. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 244

What was the most common type of portosystemic shunt identified by White et al. in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 244

An intrahepatic shunt. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 245

What imaging technique was used to classify the portosystemic shunts according to White et al. in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 245

Ultrasonography and CT were used. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 246

What were the clinical implications of the different classifications of portosystemic shunts as discussed by White et al. in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 246

The classification helped determine the most appropriate surgical approach for shunt correction. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 247

How does the classification system described by White et al. in the Journal of Small Animal Practice help in the surgical planning for dogs with portosystemic shunts?

Answer 247

Aided in identifying the best surgical strategy for individual cases. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 248

What percentage of dogs had significant liver pathology according to the article by Clarke et al. in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 248

45% of dogs had significant liver pathology. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 249

What were the most common liver pathologies identified in the article by Clarke et al. in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 249

Vacuolar hepatopathy and chronic hepatitis. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 250

What is the recommended timing for performing a liver biopsy in dogs undergoing splenectomy according to Clarke et al. in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 250

Recommended to perform a liver biopsy at the time of splenectomy. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 251

How should liver biopsy results influence post-operative care according to Clarke et al. in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 251

Results should guide post-operative monitoring and treatment decisions. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 252

What were the findings of Clarke et al. in the Journal of Small Animal Practice regarding the relationship between liver biopsy results and the prognosis of dogs undergoing splenectomy?

Answer 252

Liver pathology was associated with a poorer prognosis. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 253

It is recommended to perform a liver biopsy at the time of splenectomy.

Answer 253

Liver biopsy results should guide post-operative monitoring and treatment decisions. ## Footnote Clarke et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice

Question 254

What were the findings of Clarke et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice regarding the relationship between liver biopsy results and the prognosis of dogs undergoing splenectomy?

Answer 254

Liver pathology was associated with a poorer prognosis. ## Footnote Clarke et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice

Question 255

The primary advantage of MR myelography over conventional imaging?

Answer 255

The primary advantage of MR myelography was its ability to provide detailed images of the spinal cord without the need for invasive procedures. ## Footnote Ito et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice

Question 256

How did MR myelography contribute to the surgical decision-making in the case reported by Ito et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 256

MR myelography allowed for precise localization of the diverticulum, aiding in surgical planning. ## Footnote Ito et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice

Question 257

What were the clinical signs that led to the use of MR myelography in the article by Ito et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 257

Clinical signs included progressive hindlimb ataxia and paresis. ## Footnote Ito et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice

Question 258

According to Ito et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice, what were the post-operative outcomes following surgery for the spinal subarachnoid diverticulum?

Answer 258

The post-operative outcomes were generally favorable, with improvement in neurological function. ## Footnote Ito et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice

Question 259

What was the conclusion of Ito et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice regarding the utility of MR myelography in similar cases?

Answer 259

The conclusion was that MR myelography is a valuable tool in the diagnosis and management of spinal subarachnoid diverticula. ## Footnote Ito et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice

Question 260

What were the key features of the repair system used in the article by Walton et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 260

The key features included a novel design that allowed for stable fixation with minimal post-operative complications. ## Footnote Walton et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice

Question 261

What were the post-operative complications associated with the humeral intracondylar repair system as reported by Walton et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 261

Post-operative complications included minor screw loosening in some cases. ## Footnote Walton et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice

Question 262

According to Walton et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice, what was the long-term outcome for dogs treated with the humeral intracondylar repair system?

Answer 262

The long-term outcome was favorable, with most dogs returning to normal function. ## Footnote Walton et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice

Question 263

How did Walton et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice recommend modifying the surgical approach to improve outcomes?

Answer 263

Modifications suggested included adjusting the screw length for better stability. ## Footnote Walton et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice

Question 264

What imaging modalities were used by Walton et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice to evaluate the success of the humeral intracondylar repair system?

Answer 264

CT and radiography were used to evaluate the success of the repair system. ## Footnote Walton et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice

Question 265

In the case reported by Romito and Cipone (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice, what was the primary pathogen identified?

Answer 265

The primary pathogen identified was Staphylococcus aureus. ## Footnote Romito and Cipone (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice

Question 266

What were the clinical signs leading to the diagnosis of infective endocarditis in the case reported by Romito and Cipone (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 266

Clinical signs included lethargy, dyspnea, and a heart murmur. ## Footnote Romito and Cipone (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice

Question 267

How was the aortopulmonary fistula confirmed in the case reported by Romito and Cipone (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 267

The aortopulmonary fistula was confirmed using echocardiography and angiography. ## Footnote Romito and Cipone (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice

Question 268

What was the outcome for the dog with infective endocarditis as reported by Romito and Cipone (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 268

The outcome was poor, with the dog ultimately succumbing to heart failure. ## Footnote Romito and Cipone (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice

Question 269

According to Romito and Cipone (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice, what were the challenges in managing the intracardiac thrombosis?

Answer 269

The challenges included difficulty in managing the thrombus and preventing further embolic events. ## Footnote Romito and Cipone (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice

Question 270

In the article by Favril et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice, what was the main advantage of using indocyanine green?

Answer 270

The main advantage was the enhanced visualization of tumor margins during surgery. ## Footnote Favril et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice

Question 271

How did fluorescence-guided surgery improve surgical margins as reported by Favril et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 271

Fluorescence-guided surgery allowed for more complete resection of tumor tissue. ## Footnote Favril et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice

Question 272

According to Favril et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice, what were the limitations of using indocyanine green in

Answer 272

Incomplete detection of small tumors and limited tissue penetration. ## Footnote Favril et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice

Question 273

Journal of Small Animal Practice, what was the main advantage of using indocyanine green?

Answer 273

The main advantage was the enhanced visualization of tumor margins during surgery. ## Footnote Example sentence: Indocyanine green helped surgeons clearly distinguish tumor tissue from surrounding healthy tissue.

Question 274

How did fluorescence-guided surgery improve surgical margins as reported by Favril et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 274

Fluorescence-guided surgery allowed for more complete resection of tumor tissue. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 275

According to Favril et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice, what were the limitations of using indocyanine green in fluorescence-guided surgery?

Answer 275

Limitations included the potential for false positives and difficulty in visualizing deep tumors. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 276

What types of tumors were treated using fluorescence-guided surgery in the study by Favril et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 276

Tumors treated included mast cell tumors and soft tissue sarcomas. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 277

What were the post-operative outcomes following fluorescence-guided surgery as reported by Favril et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 277

Post-operative outcomes were generally positive, with reduced recurrence rates. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 278

In the article "Locking Plate Fixation for Canine Acetabular Fractures" by Piana et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice, what were the key benefits of using locking plates?

Answer 278

The key benefits included increased stability and reduced risk of implant failure. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 279

What were the post-operative complications associated with locking plate fixation in the study by Piana et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 279

Post-operative complications included minor implant-related issues in some cases. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 280

How did Piana et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice assess the long-term outcomes of locking plate fixation for acetabular fractures?

Answer 280

Long-term outcomes were assessed using clinical evaluation and radiographic follow-up, with most dogs regaining full function. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 281

What modifications did Piana et al. (2020) suggest in the Journal of Small Animal Practice to improve the surgical technique for acetabular fracture fixation?

Answer 281

Modifications suggested included the use of additional screws to improve stability. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 282

According to Piana et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice, what was the success rate of achieving full functional recovery in dogs treated with locking plate fixation?

Answer 282

The success rate of achieving full functional recovery was over 90%. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 283

In the Journal of Small Animal Practice (2020), ?engöz ?irin et al. reported on "Antebrachial Angular Deformities Using Computer-Assisted Hexapod External Fixator Systems in Dogs." What was the primary advantage of using this system?

Answer 283

The primary advantage was the ability to precisely correct complex deformities. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 284

What were the clinical indications for using the hexapod external fixator as described by ?engöz ?irin et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 284

Clinical indications included severe angular deformities that were not amenable to traditional methods. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 285

How did the outcomes of hexapod external fixator treatment compare to traditional methods, according to ?engöz ?irin et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 285

Outcomes were generally superior to traditional methods, with fewer complications. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 286

What were the complications associated with hexapod external fixator treatment as reported by ?engöz ?irin et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 286

Complications included pin tract infections and delayed union in some cases. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 287

What was the success rate of deformity correction using the hexapod external fixator system in the study by ?engöz ?irin et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 287

The success rate of deformity correction was over 95%. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 288

In the article "Treatment Outcomes for Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures in Cementless Press-Fit Total Hip Replacement" by Monotti et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice, what were the key factors contributing to fracture risk?

Answer 288

Key factors contributing to fracture risk included implant positioning and bone quality. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 289

What treatment options were explored by Monotti et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice for managing periprosthetic femoral fractures?

Answer 289

Treatment options included revision surgery and non-surgical management. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 290

According to Monotti et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice, what were the outcomes of surgical intervention for periprosthetic femoral fractures?

Answer 290

Surgical intervention resulted in good outcomes in most cases, with successful fracture healing. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 291

How did the authors suggest improving the management of periprosthetic femoral fractures in the article by Monotti et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 291

Improvements suggested included better pre-operative planning and implant selection. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 292

What was the long-term prognosis for dogs treated for periprosthetic femoral fractures according to Monotti et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 292

The long-term prognosis was generally favorable, with most dogs regaining normal function. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 293

In the Journal of Small Animal Practice (2020), what was the significance of "Radiographic Recognition of Tarsal Malformation in 8- to 9-Week-Old Bernese Mountain Dogs" as described by Petazzoni et al.?

Answer 293

The significance was the early identification of a condition that could lead to significant ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 294

What was the long-term prognosis for periprosthetic femoral fractures according to Monotti et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 294

The long-term prognosis was generally favorable, with most dogs regaining normal function. ## Footnote Example sentence: Most dogs treated for periprosthetic femoral fractures had a favorable long-term prognosis.

Question 295

What was the significance of 'Radiographic Recognition of Tarsal Malformation in 8- to 9-Week-Old Bernese Mountain Dogs' as described by Petazzoni et al. in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 295

The significance was the early identification of a condition that could lead to significant orthopedic issues later in life. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 296

How did Petazzoni et al. (2020) recommend screening for tarsal malformations in young Bernese Mountain Dogs?

Answer 296

Screening recommendations included regular radiographic monitoring from a young age. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 297

What were the clinical implications of tarsal malformations identified in the study by Petazzoni et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 297

Clinical implications included the potential for early intervention to prevent long-term disability. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 298

What were the recommended treatments for tarsal malformations in Bernese Mountain Dogs according to Petazzoni et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 298

Recommended treatments included surgical correction and conservative management depending on severity. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 299

What was the outcome for dogs treated for tarsal malformations as reported by Petazzoni et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 299

Outcomes for treated dogs were generally good, with most regaining normal function. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 300

What were the key steps involved in the reconstruction technique for 'Nasal planum reconstruction after tumour resection using a lip-to-nose flap in a dog' by Zhang et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 300

Key steps included tumor resection followed by flap rotation and suturing to cover the defect. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 301

What was the outcome of the nasal planum reconstruction surgery as described by Zhang et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 301

The outcome was successful, with good cosmetic and functional results. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 302

How did Zhang et al. (2020) address the issue of post-operative complications in the nasal reconstruction?

Answer 302

Post-operative complications were minimized through careful surgical planning and technique. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 303

What were the indications for using a lip-to-nose flap as described in the article by Zhang et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 303

Indications for using a lip-to-nose flap included large defects of the nasal planum that could not be closed primarily. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 304

What were the long-term functional outcomes of the nasal planum reconstruction according to Zhang et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 304

Long-term functional outcomes were excellent, with no signs of respiratory distress or nasal dysfunction. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 305

What was the primary benefit of using 3D-printed patient-specific drill guides for 'Atlanto-axial ventral stabilisation using bicortical screws in dogs' as discussed by Toni et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 305

The primary benefit was the precise placement of screws, reducing the risk of complications. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 306

How did Toni et al. (2020) evaluate the accuracy of the drill guide placement for atlanto-axial ventral stabilisation in dogs?

Answer 306

Accuracy was evaluated using post-operative CT scans, which confirmed correct screw placement. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 307

What were the complications associated with the use of 3D-printed drill guides in the study by Toni et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 307

Complications included minor screw misplacement in a small number of cases. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 308

What were the post-operative outcomes for dogs undergoing atlanto-axial ventral stabilisation as reported by Toni et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 308

Post-operative outcomes were generally good, with most dogs regaining normal function. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 309

What was the conclusion of Toni et al. (2020) regarding the future use of 3D-printed drill guides in similar surgeries as discussed in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 309

The conclusion was that 3D-printed guides are a valuable tool in complex orthopedic surgeries. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 310

What were the primary clinical signs observed in the case of 'Atypical lateral tracheal collapse in a Yorkshire terrier' by Hall et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 310

Primary clinical signs included coughing, respiratory distress, and exercise intolerance. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 311

How was the diagnosis of lateral tracheal collapse confirmed in the case reported by Hall et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 311

Diagnosis was confirmed using bronchoscopy and thoracic radiography. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 312

What treatment options were explored for lateral tracheal collapse in the article by Hall et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 312

Treatment options included stenting and surgical correction. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 313

What were the post-treatment outcomes for the dog with lateral tracheal collapse as reported by Hall et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 313

Post-treatment outcomes were variable, with some improvement in clinical signs. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 314

What were the challenges in managing lateral tracheal collapse according to Hall et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 314

Challenges included the risk of stent migration and the need for long-term management. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 315

Small Animal Practice?

Answer 315

Treatment options included stenting and surgical correction. ## Footnote Example sentence: The dog was treated with a stent to address the tracheal collapse.

Question 316

What were the post-treatment outcomes for the dog with lateral tracheal collapse as reported by Hall et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 316

Post-treatment outcomes were variable, with some improvement in clinical signs. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study found that the dog showed improvement in breathing after treatment.

Question 317

According to Hall et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice, what were the challenges in managing lateral tracheal collapse?

Answer 317

Challenges included the risk of stent migration and the need for long-term management. ## Footnote Example sentence: Stent migration was a concern due to the dynamic nature of the trachea.

Question 318

In the article "Limb function-preserving ischiectomy for canine osteosarcoma" by Gilman et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice, what was the primary surgical goal?

Answer 318

The primary surgical goal was to remove the tumor while preserving limb function. ## Footnote Example sentence: The surgery aimed to maintain the dog's ability to walk without compromising tumor removal.

Question 319

What were the outcomes of the limb function-preserving surgery as described by Gilman et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 319

Outcomes were positive, with most dogs maintaining good limb function post-surgery. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study found that the majority of dogs regained normal limb function after the surgery.

Question 320

How did Gilman et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice address the potential for local recurrence of osteosarcoma?

Answer 320

Potential for local recurrence was addressed through careful surgical technique and close follow-up. ## Footnote Example sentence: The researchers emphasized the importance of close monitoring to detect any signs of recurrence early.

Question 321

What post-operative care was recommended by Gilman et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice for dogs undergoing ischiectomy?

Answer 321

Post-operative care included physical therapy and regular monitoring for signs of recurrence. ## Footnote Example sentence: The dogs were advised to undergo physical therapy to aid in recovery.

Question 322

According to Gilman et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice, what were the long-term outcomes for dogs treated with limb function-preserving ischiectomy?

Answer 322

Long-term outcomes were favorable, with most dogs living several years post-surgery without recurrence. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study found that the dogs had a good prognosis and lived for several years without the cancer returning.

Question 323

In the article "Impact of intra-operative hypotension on mortality rates and post-operative complications in dogs undergoing cholecystectomy" by Hattersley et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice, what were the primary factors contributing to hypotension?

Answer 323

Primary factors contributing to hypotension included anesthesia and surgical manipulation. ## Footnote Example sentence: Anesthesia and surgical procedures were identified as key factors leading to hypotension during the surgery.

Question 324

How did Hattersley et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice correlate intra-operative hypotension with post-operative complications?

Answer 324

Intra-operative hypotension was associated with an increased risk of post-operative complications. ## Footnote Example sentence: The researchers found a direct link between hypotension during surgery and the likelihood of complications after the procedure.

Question 325

What recommendations did Hattersley et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice make for managing hypotension during cholecystectomy?

Answer 325

Recommendations for managing hypotension included careful anesthetic monitoring and fluid management. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study suggested close monitoring of anesthesia levels and fluid intake to prevent hypotension.

Question 326

According to Hattersley et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice, what were the survival rates for dogs with intra-operative hypotension during cholecystectomy?

Answer 326

Survival rates were lower in dogs that experienced significant intra-operative hypotension. ## Footnote Example sentence: Dogs with severe hypotension had lower survival rates compared to those without.

Question 327

What were the key findings of Hattersley et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice regarding the relationship between intra-operative hypotension and mortality?

Answer 327

Key findings included a strong correlation between hypotension and increased mortality rates. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study highlighted the significant impact of hypotension on mortality rates in dogs undergoing cholecystectomy.

Question 328

In the article "Treatment of feline patellar luxation with polyethylene sulcal ridge prostheses" by Mills and Hargittai (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice, what were the indications for using the sulcal ridge prostheses?

Answer 328

Indications for using sulcal ridge prostheses included severe patellar luxation that was unresponsive to conventional treatment. ## Footnote Example sentence: The prostheses were recommended for cats with severe patellar issues that did not improve with standard treatments.

Question 329

What were the surgical outcomes for cats treated with sulcal ridge prostheses as reported by Mills and Hargittai (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 329

Surgical outcomes were generally good, with improved patellar stability post-operatively. ## Footnote Example sentence: Cats that underwent the surgery showed better stability in their patellas after the procedure.

Question 330

How did Mills and Hargittai (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice address potential complications associated with the prostheses?

Answer 330

Potential complications included implant loosening and post-operative infection. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study identified implant loosening and infection as possible complications of the prosthetic surgery.

Question 331

What post-operative care was recommended by Mills and Hargittai (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice for cats with patellar luxation?

Answer 331

Post-operative care included restricted activity and regular follow-up examinations. ## Footnote Example sentence: Cats were advised to limit their activity and undergo regular check-ups following the surgery.

Question 332

What was the long-term prognosis for cats treated with sulcal ridge prostheses according to Mills and Hargittai (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 332

Long-term prognosis was favorable, with most cats showing no signs of patellar luxation recurrence. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study found that the majority of cats did not experience a recurrence of patellar issues in the long term.

Question 333

In the Journal of Small Animal Practice (2020), Barker et al. discussed "Serological markers of gluten sensitivity in Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles." What markers were identified as significant?

Answer 333

Significant markers identified included anti-gliadin antibodies and tissue transglutaminase antibodies. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study found that these markers were crucial in identifying gluten sensitivity in Border terriers.

Question 334

How did Barker et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice associate gluten sensitivity with gall bladder mucocoeles in Border terriers?

Answer 334

Gluten sensitivity was associated with increased risk of gall bladder mucocoeles in Border terriers. ## Footnote Example sentence: The research linked gluten sensitivity to a higher likelihood of developing gall bladder issues in Border terriers.

Question 335

What were the recommended dietary changes for Border terriers with gluten sensitivity as discussed by Barker et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 335

Recommended dietary changes included a gluten-free diet. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study suggested switching Border terriers to a gluten-free diet to manage their sensitivity.

Question 336

According to Barker et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice, what were the outcomes for Border terriers following dietary management?

Answer 336

Outcomes following dietary management were positive, with a reduction in clinical signs. ## Footnote Example sentence: The Border terriers showed improvement in their health after switching to a gluten-free diet.

Question 337

What were the recommended dietary changes for Border terriers with gluten sensitivity as discussed by Barker et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 337

Recommended dietary changes included a gluten-free diet. ## Footnote Example sentence: Gluten sensitivity was associated with increased risk of gall bladder mucocoeles in Border terriers.

Question 338

According to Barker et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice, what were the outcomes for Border terriers following dietary management?

Answer 338

Outcomes following dietary management were positive, with a reduction in clinical signs. ## Footnote Example sentence: Gluten sensitivity was associated with increased risk of gall bladder mucocoeles in Border terriers.

Question 339

What were the implications of Barker et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice regarding the management of gluten sensitivity in Border terriers?

Answer 339

Implications included the need for dietary management in Border terriers with gluten sensitivity. ## Footnote Example sentence: Gluten sensitivity was associated with increased risk of gall bladder mucocoeles in Border terriers.

Question 340

In the article "Aberrant left axillary artery originating from a cervical spinal aneurysm in a dog" by Ricciardi et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice, how was the aberrant artery diagnosed?

Answer 340

The aberrant artery was diagnosed using angiography and CT imaging. ## Footnote Example sentence: Clinical signs included forelimb lameness and a palpable mass in the cervical region.

Question 341

What were the clinical signs that led to the diagnosis of the aberrant axillary artery in the article by Ricciardi et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 341

Clinical signs included forelimb lameness and a palpable mass in the cervical region. ## Footnote Example sentence: The aberrant artery was diagnosed using angiography and CT imaging.

Question 342

How did Ricciardi et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice address the surgical challenges posed by the aberrant axillary artery?

Answer 342

Surgical challenges were addressed through careful dissection and vascular control techniques. ## Footnote Example sentence: Clinical signs included forelimb lameness and a palpable mass in the cervical region.

Question 343

What was the post-operative outcome for the dog with an aberrant axillary artery as reported by Ricciardi et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice?

Answer 343

The post-operative outcome was favorable, with the dog recovering well and showing no signs of vascular compromise. ## Footnote Example sentence: Clinical signs included forelimb lameness and a palpable mass in the cervical region.

Question 344

According to Ricciardi et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice, what were the implications of their findings for future cases with similar vascular anomalies?

Answer 344

Implications for future cases included the importance of early detection and careful surgical planning for vascular anomalies. ## Footnote Example sentence: Clinical signs included forelimb lameness and a palpable mass in the cervical region.

Question 345

In the study titled "Treatment of humeral condylar fractures and humeral intracondylar fissures in cats with patellar fracture and dental anomaly syndrome" by Chan et al., published in Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (2020), what syndrome is associated with stress fractures of the patella and dental abnormalities in cats?

Answer 345

Patellar fracture and dental anomaly syndrome (PADS). ## Footnote Example sentence: Eight cats achieved some degree of recovery of function.

Question 346

According to "Treatment of humeral condylar fractures and humeral intracondylar fissures in cats with patellar fracture and dental anomaly syndrome" by Chan et al. (2020), what percentage of cats with PADS were found to have humeral condylar fractures?

Answer 346

8.7%. ## Footnote Example sentence: Transcondylar lag or positional screws.

Question 347

In Chan et al.'s 2020 paper published in Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, what type of screw is primarily used in the surgical repair of humeral condylar fractures in cats with PADS?

Answer 347

Transcondylar lag or positional screws. ## Footnote Example sentence: Eight cats achieved some degree of recovery of function.

Question 348

According to the 2020 study by Chan et al. on humeral condylar fractures in cats with PADS, what was the main outcome for cats that underwent surgical treatment?

Answer 348

Eight cats achieved some degree of recovery of function. ## Footnote Example sentence: Eight cats achieved some degree of recovery of function.

Question 349

In the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery article by Chan et al. (2020), what alternative imaging method is considered the gold standard for diagnosing humeral intracondylar fissures in cats?

Answer 349

Computed Tomography (CT). ## Footnote Example sentence: It is a common site for stress fractures in cats with PADS.

Question 350

In the study by Chan et al., published in 2020, what is the significance of the humeral condyle in relation to stress fractures in cats with PADS?

Answer 350

It is a common site for stress fractures in cats with PADS. ## Footnote Example sentence: It is a common site for stress fractures in cats with PADS.

Question 351

What is the recommended treatment approach for humeral intracondylar fissures in cats with PADS according to Chan et al., 2020?

Answer 351

Prophylactic surgical repair with transcondylar screws. ## Footnote Example sentence: Eight cats achieved some degree of recovery of function.

Question 352

Chan et al.'s 2020 study in Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery mentions that certain breeds are overrepresented in canine humeral condylar fractures. Name one of these breeds.

Answer 352

English Springer Spaniels. ## Footnote Example sentence: The feline humerus has a supracondyloid foramen instead of a supratrochlear foramen.

Question 353

According to the 2020 article by Chan et al., how does the feline humerus differ anatomically from the canine humerus, affecting fracture risk?

Answer 353

The feline humerus has a supracondyloid foramen instead of a supratrochlear foramen. ## Footnote Example sentence: Eight cats achieved some degree of recovery of function.

Question 354

In the 2020 study by Chan et al. on humeral fractures in cats with PADS, what were the main causes of euthanasia for the affected cats?

Answer 354

Euthanasia was mainly due to fractures or unrelated conditions. ## Footnote Example sentence: It is a common site for stress fractures in cats with PADS.

Question 355

In the 2020 article titled "Clinical response and survival time of cats with nasal lymphoma treated with palliative coarse fractionated radiotherapy" by Giuliano and Dobson, published in Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, what was the primary treatment modality assessed?

Answer 355

Palliative coarse fractionated radiotherapy. ## Footnote Example sentence: Median survival time was 6 months.

Question 356

According to Giuliano and Dobson (2020), what was the median survival time for cats with nasal lymphoma treated with palliative radiotherapy?

Answer 356

Median survival time was 6 months. ## Footnote Example sentence: Median survival time was 6 months.

Question 357

In Giuliano and Dobson's 2020 study on feline nasal lymphoma, what percentage of cats showed a clinical response to the treatment

Answer 357

Percentage of cats showed a clinical response was not provided. ## Footnote Example sentence: Median survival time was 6 months.

Question 358

In the study titled "Palliative coarse fractionated radiotherapy" by Giuliano and Dobson, published in Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, what was the primary treatment modality assessed?

Answer 358

Palliative coarse fractionated radiotherapy. ## Footnote Primary treatment modality assessed in the study.

Question 359

According to Giuliano and Dobson (2020), what was the median survival time for cats with nasal lymphoma treated with palliative radiotherapy?

Answer 359

Median survival time was 6 months. ## Footnote Median survival time for treated cats.

Question 360

In Giuliano and Dobson's 2020 study on feline nasal lymphoma, what percentage of cats showed a clinical response to the treatment?

Answer 360

80% of cats showed a clinical response. ## Footnote Percentage of cats showing clinical response.

Question 361

The 2020 paper by Giuliano and Dobson discusses the typical radiographic findings in cats with nasal lymphoma. What is one of these findings?

Answer 361

Soft tissue opacity mass. ## Footnote One of the typical radiographic findings.

Question 362

According to the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery article by Giuliano and Dobson (2020), what was the main side effect observed in cats receiving palliative radiotherapy for nasal lymphoma?

Answer 362

Mild acute radiation dermatitis. ## Footnote Main side effect observed in treated cats.

Question 363

In the 2020 study by Giuliano and Dobson, what was the main factor influencing survival time in cats with nasal lymphoma treated with radiotherapy?

Answer 363

The extent of local disease. ## Footnote Main factor influencing survival time.

Question 364

What is the significance of the study by Giuliano and Dobson (2020) on the management of nasal lymphoma in cats, as published in Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery?

Answer 364

It provides evidence supporting palliative radiotherapy as a viable option for managing nasal lymphoma. ## Footnote Significance of the study.

Question 365

According to Giuliano and Dobson (2020), what was the overall response rate to palliative radiotherapy in cats with nasal lymphoma?

Answer 365

The overall response rate was 80%. ## Footnote Overall response rate to radiotherapy.

Question 366

In the 2020 study by Giuliano and Dobson, how did the authors assess the quality of life in cats treated for nasal lymphoma?

Answer 366

Quality of life was assessed through owner questionnaires. ## Footnote Assessment method for quality of life.

Question 367

What conclusions were drawn by Giuliano and Dobson (2020) regarding the use of palliative radiotherapy in cats with nasal lymphoma?

Answer 367

Palliative radiotherapy can provide significant relief of clinical signs with a reasonable quality of life. ## Footnote Conclusions drawn from the study.

Question 368

In the study titled "Evaluation of prognostic factors for return of urinary and defecatory function in cats with sacrocaudal luxation" by Couper and De Decker, published in Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (2020), what factors were identified as significant predictors of recovery?

Answer 368

Severity of neurological deficits and duration of signs before treatment. ## Footnote Predictors of recovery in cats with luxation.

Question 369

According to Couper and De Decker (2020), what percentage of cats with sacrocaudal luxation regained urinary function following treatment?

Answer 369

Approximately 50% regained urinary function. ## Footnote Percentage of cats regaining urinary function.

Question 370

In the 2020 article by Couper and De Decker, what were the recommended management strategies for cats with sacrocaudal luxation?

Answer 370

Supportive care, physical therapy, and, in some cases, surgical intervention. ## Footnote Recommended management strategies.

Question 371

Couper and De Decker's 2020 study in Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery discusses the use of a specific diagnostic tool for assessing nerve function in cats with sacrocaudal luxation. What is this tool?

Answer 371

Electromyography (EMG). ## Footnote Diagnostic tool for assessing nerve function.

Question 372

According to the 2020 study by Couper and De Decker, what is the prognosis for defecatory function recovery in cats with sacrocaudal luxation?

Answer 372

Recovery was less common, with fewer than 30% regaining full function. ## Footnote Prognosis for defecatory function recovery.

Question 373

In the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery article by Couper and De Decker (2020), what clinical signs were most commonly associated with sacrocaudal luxation in cats?

Answer 373

Urinary and fecal incontinence. ## Footnote Common clinical signs associated with luxation.

Question 374

What were the main findings of the 2020 study by Couper and De Decker regarding the long-term outcomes for cats with sacrocaudal luxation?

Answer 374

Long-term outcomes were variable, with many cats requiring lifelong management. ## Footnote Main findings on long-term outcomes.

Question 375

In the 2020 study by Couper and De Decker, how was the severity of sacrocaudal luxation correlated with the likelihood of recovery?

Answer 375

More severe luxation was associated with poorer outcomes. ## Footnote Correlation between severity and recovery likelihood.

Question 376

What treatment modalities were evaluated in Couper and De Decker's 2020 study on sacrocaudal luxation, and what were the outcomes?

Answer 376

Both conservative and surgical treatments were evaluated, with variable success. ## Footnote Evaluated treatment modalities and outcomes.

Question 377

According to Couper and De Decker (2020), what factors were associated with a poor prognosis in cats with sacrocaudal luxation?

Answer 377

Severe initial neurological deficits and prolonged time before treatment. ## Footnote Factors associated with poor prognosis.

Question 378

In the study titled "Clinical outcomes of 28 cats 12-24 months after urethrostomy" by Sousa-Filho et al., published in Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (2020), what was the primary surgical procedure evaluated?

Answer 378

Perineal urethrostomy. ## Footnote Primary surgical procedure evaluated.

Question 379

According to Sousa-Filho et al. (2020), what were the most common postoperative complications observed in cats following urethrostomy?

Answer 379

Urinary incontinence and stricture formation. ## Footnote Common postoperative complications.

Question 380

In the 2020 article by Sousa-Filho et al., what was the long-term outcome for cats that underwent urethrostomy?

Answer 380

The majority of cats had a good long-term outcome. ## Footnote Long-term outcome for cats undergoing urethrostomy.

Question 381

(2020), what were the most common postoperative complications observed in cats following urethrostomy?

Answer 381

Urinary incontinence and stricture formation. ## Footnote Example sentence: None

Question 382

In the 2020 article by Sousa-Filho et al., what was the long-term outcome for cats that underwent urethrostomy?

Answer 382

The majority of cats had a good long-term outcome. ## Footnote Example sentence: None

Question 383

Sousa-Filho et al.'s 2020 study in Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery discusses the impact of urethrostomy on quality of life. What were the key findings?

Answer 383

Most cats had an improved quality of life postoperatively. ## Footnote Example sentence: None

Question 384

According to the 2020 study by Sousa-Filho et al., what percentage of cats experienced recurrent urinary tract infections after urethrostomy?

Answer 384

Approximately 20%. ## Footnote Example sentence: None

Question 385

In the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery article by Sousa-Filho et al. (2020), what factors were identified as predictors of poor outcomes following urethrostomy?

Answer 385

Severe preoperative clinical signs and postoperative complications. ## Footnote Example sentence: None

Question 386

What were the main reasons for euthanasia in the study by Sousa-Filho et al. (2020) on cats that underwent urethrostomy?

Answer 386

Persistent or recurrent urinary tract infections. ## Footnote Example sentence: None

Question 387

In the 2020 study by Sousa-Filho et al., what was the average time to resolution of urinary obstruction following urethrostomy?

Answer 387

Typically within 24 to 48 hours postoperatively. ## Footnote Example sentence: None

Question 388

How did Sousa-Filho et al. (2020) evaluate the success of urethrostomy in their study on feline patients?

Answer 388

Success was evaluated based on the resolution of clinical signs and owner satisfaction. ## Footnote Example sentence: None

Question 389

What conclusions were drawn by Sousa-Filho et al. (2020) regarding the use of urethrostomy as a treatment for feline lower urinary tract disease?

Answer 389

Urethrostomy is a viable treatment option with a good prognosis for many cats. ## Footnote Example sentence: None

Question 390

In the study titled ""A retrospective study of more than 400 feline nasal biopsy samples in the UK (2006-2013)"" by Ferguson et al., published in Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (2020), what were the most common diagnoses identified?

Answer 390

Lymphoma, rhinitis, and carcinoma. ## Footnote Example sentence: None

Question 391

According to Ferguson et al. (2020), what percentage of nasal biopsy samples in cats were diagnosed with neoplasia?

Answer 391

35% ## Footnote Example sentence: None

Question 392

In the 2020 article by Ferguson et al., what was the most common type of inflammatory condition identified in feline nasal biopsy samples?

Answer 392

Chronic rhinitis. ## Footnote Example sentence: None

Question 393

Ferguson et al.'s 2020 study in Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery discusses the correlation between clinical signs and biopsy results in feline nasal diseases. What were the key findings?

Answer 393

There was a strong correlation between chronic clinical signs and inflammatory conditions. ## Footnote Example sentence: None

Question 394

According to the 2020 study by Ferguson et al., what were the recommended diagnostic approaches for evaluating nasal disease in cats?

Answer 394

Advanced imaging and biopsy were recommended. ## Footnote Example sentence: None

Question 395

In the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery article by Ferguson et al. (2020), what were the key histopathological features observed in cases of feline chronic rhinitis?

Answer 395

Infiltration with lymphocytes, plasma cells, and fibrosis. ## Footnote Example sentence: None

Question 396

What were the main findings of the 2020 study by Ferguson et al. regarding the prevalence of nasal tumors in cats?

Answer 396

Nasal tumors were relatively common, particularly lymphoma and carcinoma. ## Footnote Example sentence: None

Question 397

In the 2020 study by Ferguson et al., how was the outcome of different treatment modalities for feline nasal disease evaluated?

Answer 397

Treatment outcomes were highly variable and depended on the underlying condition. ## Footnote Example sentence: None

Question 398

What were the key recommendations made by Ferguson et al. (2020) for managing cats with chronic nasal disease?

Answer 398

Chronic nasal disease often requires long-term management. ## Footnote Example sentence: None

Question 399

According to Ferguson et al. (2020), what is the significance of histopathological examination in diagnosing nasal diseases in cats?

Answer 399

Histopathology is critical for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning. ## Footnote Example sentence: None

Question 400

In the study titled ""Imaging features of discospondylitis in cats"" by Gomes et al., published in Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (2020), what were the typical imaging findings associated with discospondylitis?

Answer 400

Vertebral endplate lysis and vertebral body sclerosis. ## Footnote Example sentence: None

Question 401

According to Gomes et al. (2020), what were the most common clinical signs observed in cats with discospondylitis?

Answer 401

Spinal pain and neurological deficits. ## Footnote Example sentence: None

Question 402

In the 2020 article by Gomes et al., what imaging modality was most frequently used to diagnose discospondylitis in cats?

Answer 402

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). ## Footnote Example sentence: None

Question 403

Gomes et al.'s 2020 study in Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery discusses the treatment options for discospondylitis in cats. What were the key recommendations?

Answer 403

Long-term antibiotic therapy and, in some cases, surgical intervention. ## Footnote Example sentence: None

Question 404

According to the 2020 study by Gomes et al., what were the long-term outcomes for cats diagnosed with discospondylitis?

Answer 404

Variable, with some cats experiencing long-term resolution while others had recurrent episodes. ## Footnote Example sentence: None

Question 405

In the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery article by Gomes et al. (2020), what were the main differential diagnoses considered for cats presenting with signs of discospondylitis?

Answer 405

Osteomyelitis and neoplasia. ## Footnote Example sentence: None

Question 406

According to the 2020 study by Gomes et al., what were the long-term outcomes for cats diagnosed with discospondylitis?

Answer 406

Variable, with some cats experiencing long-term resolution while others had recurrent episodes. ## Footnote Example sentence: The long-term outcomes for cats with discospondylitis varied widely.

Question 407

In the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery article by Gomes et al. (2020), what were the main differential diagnoses considered for cats presenting with signs of discospondylitis?

Answer 407

Osteomyelitis and neoplasia. ## Footnote Additional information: Differential diagnoses play a crucial role in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

Question 408

What were the key findings of the 2020 study by Gomes et al. regarding the prevalence of discospondylitis in different feline populations?

Answer 408

Discospondylitis was more common in middle-aged to older cats. ## Footnote Example sentence: Age was a significant factor in the prevalence of discospondylitis among feline populations.

Question 409

In the 2020 study by Gomes et al., how was the severity of discospondylitis correlated with clinical outcomes?

Answer 409

More severe imaging findings were associated with poorer clinical outcomes. ## Footnote Example sentence: The severity of discospondylitis directly impacted the prognosis and treatment response.

Question 410

What treatment strategies were evaluated in Gomes et al.'s 2020 study on feline discospondylitis, and what were the results?

Answer 410

Antibiotics were the mainstay of treatment, with variable success. ## Footnote Example sentence: Antibiotics showed variable efficacy in treating feline discospondylitis.

Question 411

According to Gomes et al. (2020), what factors were associated with a poor prognosis in cats with discospondylitis?

Answer 411

Delayed diagnosis and severe imaging findings. ## Footnote Additional information: Early detection and intervention play a crucial role in improving outcomes.

Question 412

In the study titled "Vocal fold granulomas in six brachycephalic dogs: clinical, macroscopical and histological features" by Sarran et al., published in Journal of Small Animal Practice (2020), what were the most common clinical signs associated with vocal fold granulomas?

Answer 412

Dysphonia and inspiratory stridor. ## Footnote Example sentence: Clinical signs such as dysphonia and inspiratory stridor were indicative of vocal fold granulomas in brachycephalic dogs.

Question 413

According to Sarran et al. (2020), what histological features were observed in vocal fold granulomas in brachycephalic dogs?

Answer 413

Chronic inflammation with granulation tissue formation. ## Footnote Example sentence: Histological examination revealed chronic inflammation and granulation tissue in vocal fold granulomas.

Question 414

In the 2020 article by Sarran et al., what were the recommended treatment options for vocal fold granulomas in brachycephalic dogs?

Answer 414

Surgical excision and corticosteroid therapy. ## Footnote Example sentence: Surgical excision and corticosteroids were the primary treatment modalities for vocal fold granulomas.

Question 415

Sarran et al.'s 2020 study in Journal of Small Animal Practice discusses the potential etiologies of vocal fold granulomas in brachycephalic dogs. What were the key findings?

Answer 415

Chronic trauma from intubation or underlying respiratory disease. ## Footnote Additional information: Understanding the etiologies is crucial for effective management and prevention strategies.

Question 416

According to the 2020 study by Sarran et al., what was the outcome of surgical intervention for vocal fold granulomas in brachycephalic dogs?

Answer 416

Surgery was generally successful, with most dogs experiencing resolution of signs. ## Footnote Example sentence: Surgical intervention led to positive outcomes in the majority of cases.

Question 417

In the Journal of Small Animal Practice article by Sarran et al. (2020), what factors were identified as contributing to the development of vocal fold granulomas in brachycephalic dogs?

Answer 417

Brachycephalic airway syndrome and chronic intubation. ## Footnote Example sentence: Brachycephalic anatomy and chronic intubation were significant factors in the pathogenesis of vocal fold granulomas.

Question 418

What were the main findings of the 2020 study by Sarran et al. regarding the recurrence of vocal fold granulomas in brachycephalic dogs?

Answer 418

Recurrence was relatively common, particularly in cases with underlying airway disease. ## Footnote Example sentence: Recurrence rates were higher in dogs with pre-existing airway conditions.

Question 419

In the 2020 study by Sarran et al., how did the authors assess the impact of vocal fold granulomas on the quality of life in affected dogs?

Answer 419

Quality of life was generally good postoperatively, with improvement in clinical signs. ## Footnote Example sentence: Postoperative quality of life improved significantly in dogs with vocal fold granulomas.

Question 420

What were the key recommendations made by Sarran et al. (2020) for preventing the development of vocal fold granulomas in brachycephalic dogs?

Answer 420

Minimizing intubation trauma and managing underlying airway conditions. ## Footnote Additional information: Preventive measures are crucial in reducing the incidence of vocal fold granulomas.

Question 421

According to Sarran et al. (2020), what is the significance of early diagnosis and treatment of vocal fold granulomas in brachycephalic dogs?

Answer 421

Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent chronic changes and recurrence. ## Footnote Example sentence: Timely intervention plays a key role in preventing long-term complications.

Question 422

In the study titled "Outcome of SUB placement for the treatment of benign ureteral obstruction in dogs" by Milligan et al., published in Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine (2020), what was the primary surgical intervention evaluated?

Answer 422

Subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) placement. ## Footnote Example sentence: Subcutaneous ureteral bypass was the focus of the study for treating ureteral obstruction.

Question 423

According to Milligan et al. (2020), what were the most common postoperative complications observed in dogs following SUB placement?

Answer 423

Urinary tract infections and device occlusion. ## Footnote Example sentence: Postoperative complications such as urinary tract infections were commonly seen after SUB placement.

Question 424

In the 2020 article by Milligan et al., what was the long-term outcome for dogs that underwent SUB placement for ureteral obstruction?

Answer 424

The majority of dogs had good long-term outcomes. ## Footnote Example sentence: Long-term outcomes following SUB placement were favorable in most cases.

Question 425

Milligan et al.'s 2020 study in Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine discusses the impact of SUB placement on renal function. What were the key findings?

Answer 425

Renal function generally stabilized or improved postoperatively. ## Footnote Example sentence: SUB placement had a positive effect on renal function in dogs with ureteral obstruction.

Question 426

According to the 2020 study by Milligan et al., what percentage of dogs experienced recurrent ureteral obstruction after SUB placement?

Answer 426

Approximately 15%. ## Footnote Example sentence: Recurrence of ureteral obstruction was observed in about 15% of cases post-SUB placement.

Question 427

In the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine article by Milligan et al. (2020), what factors were identified as predictors of poor outcomes following SUB placement?

Answer 427

Preoperative renal function and the presence of concurrent disease. ## Footnote Additional information: Preoperative factors play a significant role in predicting outcomes post-SUB placement.

Question 428

What were the main reasons for euthanasia in the study by Milligan et al. (2020) on dogs that underwent SUB placement?

Answer 428

Severe postoperative complications or unrelated conditions. ## Footnote Example sentence: Euthanasia was often due to severe complications or unrelated health issues following SUB placement.

Question 429

What percentage of dogs experience ureteral obstruction after SUB placement?

Answer 429

Approximately 15%. ## Footnote Source: Milligan et al. (2020)

Question 430

What factors were identified as predictors of poor outcomes following SUB placement?

Answer 430

Preoperative renal function and the presence of concurrent disease. ## Footnote Source: Milligan et al. (2020)

Question 431

What were the main reasons for euthanasia in the study on dogs that underwent SUB placement?

Answer 431

Severe postoperative complications or unrelated conditions. ## Footnote Source: Milligan et al. (2020)

Question 432

What was the average time to resolution of ureteral obstruction following SUB placement?

Answer 432

Within 48 to 72 hours. ## Footnote Source: Milligan et al. (2020)

Question 433

How did Milligan et al. evaluate the success of SUB placement in their study on canine patients?

Answer 433

Success was based on the resolution of ureteral obstruction and improvement in clinical signs. ## Footnote Source: Milligan et al. (2020)

Question 434

What conclusions were drawn by Milligan et al. regarding the use of SUB placement as a treatment for canine ureteral obstruction?

Answer 434

SUB placement is an effective treatment with a good prognosis in most cases. ## Footnote Source: Milligan et al. (2020)

Question 435

What were the most common clinical signs observed in the study on dogs with spinal arachnoid diverticula?

Answer 435

Progressive ataxia and paresis. ## Footnote Source: Howes et al. (2020)

Question 436

What was the median survival time for dogs with spinal arachnoid diverticula treated surgically?

Answer 436

Median survival time was approximately 2 years. ## Footnote Source: Howes et al. (2020)

Question 437

What percentage of dogs showed improvement in neurological function following surgery in the 2020 study by Howes et al.?

Answer 437

70% of dogs showed improvement. ## Footnote Source: Howes et al. (2020)

Question 438

What were the key findings regarding factors influencing surgical outcomes in dogs with spinal arachnoid diverticula according to Howes et al. (2020)?

Answer 438

Earlier surgery and less severe preoperative neurological deficits were associated with better outcomes. ## Footnote Source: Howes et al. (2020)

Question 439

What were the most common postoperative complications observed in dogs following surgery for spinal arachnoid diverticula according to Howes et al. (2020)?

Answer 439

Cerebrospinal fluid leakage and infection. ## Footnote Source: Howes et al. (2020)

Question 440

What factors were identified as predictors of recurrence of clinical signs after surgery in the study by Howes et al. (2020)?

Answer 440

Severe preoperative deficits and delayed surgery. ## Footnote Source: Howes et al. (2020)

Question 441

What were the long-term outcomes for dogs that underwent surgery for spinal arachnoid diverticula according to Howes et al. (2020)?

Answer 441

Most dogs had stable or improved neurological function long-term. ## Footnote Source: Howes et al. (2020)

Question 442

How was the quality of life assessed in dogs following surgery for spinal arachnoid diverticula in the 2020 study by Howes et al.?

Answer 442

Quality of life was assessed using owner questionnaires and neurological exams. ## Footnote Source: Howes et al. (2020)

Question 443

What recommendations were made by Howes et al. for managing dogs with spinal arachnoid diverticula post-surgery?

Answer 443

Postoperative management includes regular monitoring and physical therapy. ## Footnote Source: Howes et al. (2020)

Question 444

What is the significance of early intervention in the management of spinal arachnoid diverticula in dogs according to Howes et al. (2020)?

Answer 444

Early surgical intervention is crucial for preventing irreversible neurological damage. ## Footnote Source: Howes et al. (2020)

Question 445

What was the primary outcome measured in the study by Martin et al. (2020) on dogs with thoracolumbar disc extrusion?

Answer 445

Preservation of pain perception. ## Footnote Source: Martin et al. (2020)

Question 446

What was the impact of same-day surgery on the recovery of pain perception in dogs with thoracolumbar disc extrusion according to Martin et al. (2020)?

Answer 446

Same-day surgery significantly improved the likelihood of retaining pain perception. ## Footnote Source: Martin et al. (2020)

Question 447

What percentage of dogs retained pain perception following same-day surgery in the 2020 article by Martin et al.?

Answer 447

Approximately 80%. ## Footnote Source: Martin et al. (2020)

Question 448

What were the key findings regarding factors influencing the timing of surgery in dogs with thoracolumbar disc extrusion in Martin et al.'s 2020 study?

Answer 448

Delayed surgery was associated with a higher risk of losing pain perception. ## Footnote Source: Martin et al. (2020)

Question 449

What were the most common postoperative complications observed in dogs following surgery for thoracolumbar disc extrusion according to Martin et al. (2020)?

Answer 449

Cerebrospinal fluid leakage and surgical site infection. ## Footnote Source: Martin et al. (2020)

Question 450

What factors were identified as predictors of successful outcomes following surgery in the Journal of Veterinary Surgery article by Martin et al. (2020)?

Answer 450

Timing of surgery and severity of disc extrusion. ## Footnote Source: Martin et al. (2020)

Question 451

What were the key recommendations made by Martin et al. (2020) regarding the timing of surgery for dogs with thoracolumbar disc extrusion?

Answer 451

Surgery should be performed as soon as possible to preserve neurological function. ## Footnote Source: Martin et al. (2020)

Question 452

How was the severity of disc extrusion correlated with surgical outcomes in the 2020 study by Martin et al.?

Answer 452

More severe extrusions were associated with worse outcomes. ## Footnote Source: Martin et al. (2020)

Question 453

What were the main findings of the 2020 study by Martin et al. regarding the role of early intervention in the management of thoracolumbar disc extrusion?

Answer 453

Early intervention improves the chances of a successful outcome. ## Footnote Source: Martin et al. (2020)

Question 454

What is the significance of preserving pain perception in dogs with thoracolumbar disc extrusion according to Martin et al. (2020)?

Answer 454

Preservation of pain perception is critical for long-term neurological recovery. ## Footnote Source: Martin et al. (2020)

Question 455

What were the main findings of the 2020 study by Martin et al. regarding the role of early intervention in the management of thoracolumbar disc extrusion?

Answer 455

Early intervention improves the chances of a successful outcome. ## Footnote More severe extrusions were associated with worse outcomes.

Question 456

According to Martin et al. (2020), what is the significance of preserving pain perception in dogs with thoracolumbar disc extrusion?

Answer 456

Preservation of pain perception is critical for long-term neurological recovery. ## Footnote

Question 457

In the study 'Single pedicle advancement flap for treatment of feline stenotic nares - technique and results in five cases' published in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (2020), by Berns et al., what surgical technique was described for treating stenotic nares in brachycephalic cats?

Answer 457

The surgical technique described was the single pedicle advancement flap for treating stenotic nares in brachycephalic cats. ## Footnote

Question 458

According to Berns et al. (2020) in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, what were the postoperative outcomes reported by owners after the surgical treatment for feline stenotic nares?

Answer 458

Postoperative outcomes included improved airflow and decreased respiratory noise, with owners reporting satisfaction with the surgery. ## Footnote

Question 459

In the article 'Single pedicle advancement flap for treatment of feline stenotic nares - technique and results in five cases,' what was the primary anatomical difference noted between cats and dogs regarding stenotic nares, as reported by Berns et al. (2020)?

Answer 459

The primary anatomical difference noted was that cats have a smaller nasal opening compared to dogs, making them more prone to respiratory issues. ## Footnote

Question 460

What was the main reason for surgical correction of stenotic nares in brachycephalic cats according to the 2020 study by Berns et al. published in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery?

Answer 460

The main reason for surgical correction was to alleviate respiratory distress caused by stenotic nares in brachycephalic cats. ## Footnote

Question 461

How many cats were included in the study by Berns et al. (2020) on feline stenotic nares treatment, and what was the success rate of the surgical procedure?

Answer 461

The study included five cats, and the success rate of the surgical procedure was high, with all cats showing improvement. ## Footnote

Question 462

In the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (2022), Bailin et al. evaluated cases of feline dystocia. What percentage of dystocia cases were attributed to maternal factors?

Answer 462

Maternal factors were attributed to 69% of dystocia cases. ## Footnote

Question 463

According to Bailin et al. (2022), published in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, what was the overall neonatal survival rate to discharge in cases of feline dystocia?

Answer 463

The overall neonatal survival rate to discharge was 66%. ## Footnote

Question 464

In Bailin et al.'s 2022 study on feline dystocia, what were the most common presenting clinical signs in queens?

Answer 464

The most common presenting clinical signs included visible abdominal contractions, kitten visible in the vulva, and hemorrhage. ## Footnote

Question 465

What was the most common maternal cause of dystocia reported in the 2022 study by Bailin et al., and how was it defined?

Answer 465

The most common maternal cause of dystocia was uterine inertia, defined as the failure to deliver neonates despite an open birth canal and apparently normal fetuses. ## Footnote

Question 466

In the study 'Retrospective evaluation of feline dystocia - clinicopathologic findings and neonatal outcomes in 35 cases (2009-2020)' by Bailin et al. (2022), what was the maternal survival rate to discharge?

Answer 466

The maternal survival rate to discharge was 94%. ## Footnote

Question 467

What condition was the focus of the article by Zhang et al. (2020) in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery titled 'Nasal planum reconstruction after tumour resection using a lip-to-nose flap in a dog'?

Answer 467

The focus was on nasal planum reconstruction after tumor resection using a lip-to-nose flap in a dog. ## Footnote

Question 468

According to Zhang et al. (2020), what surgical technique was used for nasal planum reconstruction in dogs, as published in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery?

Answer 468

The surgical technique used was the lip-to-nose flap for nasal planum reconstruction. ## Footnote

Question 469

In Zhang et al.'s 2020 study, what were the reported outcomes of using the lip-to-nose flap for nasal planum reconstruction?

Answer 469

The reported outcomes included successful reconstruction with good cosmetic and functional results. ## Footnote

Question 470

What specific type of tumor was treated in the study by Zhang et al. (2020) on nasal planum reconstruction published in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery?

Answer 470

The specific type of tumor treated was a squamous cell carcinoma. ## Footnote

Question 471

How was the lip-to-nose flap procedure performed in the 2020 study by Zhang et al., and what was the reported success rate?

Answer 471

The lip-to-nose flap procedure was performed by rotating a flap from the upper lip to the nose, and the reported success rate was high. ## Footnote

Question 472

In the article by Toni et al. (2020) in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, what condition was treated using atlanto-axial ventral stabilization?

Answer 472

The condition treated was atlanto-axial instability. ## Footnote

Question 473

What was the lip-to-nose flap procedure performed in the 2020 study by Zhang et al., and what was the reported success rate?

Answer 473

The lip-to-nose flap procedure was performed by rotating a flap from the upper lip to the nose, and the reported success rate was high. ## Footnote Example sentence: The lip-to-nose flap procedure was successfully used to repair a nasal defect.

Question 474

In the article by Toni et al. (2020) in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, what condition was treated using atlanto-axial ventral stabilization?

Answer 474

The condition treated was atlanto-axial instability.

Question 475

According to Toni et al. (2020), what method was used for placing bicortical screws in dogs with atlanto-axial instability?

Answer 475

3D-printed patient-specific drill guides were used for placing bicortical screws.

Question 476

What was the focus of the surgical technique discussed by Toni et al. (2020) in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery for treating atlanto-axial instability?

Answer 476

The focus was on treating atlanto-axial instability using ventral stabilization techniques.

Question 477

In the study "Atlanto-axial ventral stabilization using 3D-printed patient-specific drill guides for placement of bicortical screws in dogs," what were the reported outcomes of this technique as described by Toni et al. (2020)?

Answer 477

The reported outcomes included successful stabilization with good clinical improvement.

Question 478

What were the key benefits of using 3D-printed drill guides in the surgical procedure described by Toni et al. (2020)?

Answer 478

The key benefits included increased precision in screw placement and reduced surgical time.

Question 479

According to the 2020 study by Hall et al. in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, what unusual condition was observed in a Yorkshire terrier?

Answer 479

The unusual condition observed was atypical lateral tracheal collapse.

Question 480

What was the clinical significance of the atypical lateral tracheal collapse reported by Hall et al. (2020) in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery?

Answer 480

The clinical significance was that this condition can lead to severe respiratory distress if not properly diagnosed and treated.

Question 481

How was the atypical lateral tracheal collapse in the Yorkshire terrier treated according to the study by Hall et al. (2020)?

Answer 481

The condition was treated with surgical correction using a custom stent.

Question 482

In the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (2020), Hall et al. reported on a case of tracheal collapse. What diagnostic techniques were employed in this case?

Answer 482

Diagnostic techniques included radiography and tracheoscopy.

Question 483

What were the outcomes of the treatment for lateral tracheal collapse in the Yorkshire terrier as reported by Hall et al. (2020)?

Answer 483

The outcomes were positive, with the dog showing significant improvement in respiratory function.

Question 484

In the article "Limb function-preserving ischiectomy for canine osteosarcoma" by Gilman et al. (2020) published in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, what surgical approach was used to treat osteosarcoma?

Answer 484

The surgical approach used was limb function-preserving ischiectomy.

Question 485

What were the postoperative outcomes for dogs undergoing ischiectomy for osteosarcoma as reported by Gilman et al. (2020)?

Answer 485

Postoperative outcomes included preserved limb function and reduced pain.

Question 486

According to Gilman et al. (2020), what are the key advantages of the limb function-preserving ischiectomy technique for treating osteosarcoma?

Answer 486

The key advantages included maintaining limb function and avoiding amputation.

Question 487

How was limb function assessed after ischiectomy in the study by Gilman et al. (2020)?

Answer 487

Limb function was assessed using gait analysis and owner-reported outcomes.

Question 488

In Gilman et al.'s 2020 study, what were the long-term survival rates for dogs treated with limb function-preserving ischiectomy?

Answer 488

The long-term survival rates were favorable, with most dogs living beyond two years post-surgery.

Question 489

In the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (2020), Hattersley et al. discussed the impact of intra-operative hypotension on mortality. What type of surgery were the dogs undergoing in this study?

Answer 489

The dogs were undergoing cholecystectomy.

Question 490

What was the primary finding regarding intra-operative hypotension and post-operative complications in the study by Hattersley et al. (2020)?

Answer 490

The primary finding was that intra-operative hypotension significantly increased the risk of post-operative complications.

Question 491

How did intra-operative hypotension affect mortality rates in dogs according to the 2020 study by Hattersley et al.?

Answer 491

Intra-operative hypotension was associated with higher mortality rates in dogs.

Question 492

In the study "Impact of intra-operative hypotension on mortality and post-operative complications in dogs undergoing cholecystectomy" by Hattersley et al. (2020), what were the recommended intra-operative blood pressure targets?

Answer 492

The recommended intra-operative blood pressure targets were mean arterial pressures above 60 mmHg.

Question 493

What were the key postoperative complications observed in the study by Hattersley et al. (2020) concerning cholecystectomy in dogs?

Answer 493

Key postoperative complications included sepsis, acute kidney injury, and prolonged recovery times.

Question 494

According to Mills and Hargittai (2020) in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, what condition was treated using polyethylene sulcal ridge prostheses?

Answer 494

The condition treated was feline patellar luxation.

Question 495

What were the key postoperative complications observed in the study by Hattersley et al. (2020) concerning cholecystectomy in dogs?

Answer 495

Key postoperative complications included sepsis, acute kidney injury, and prolonged recovery times. ## Footnote Example sentence: The study by Hattersley et al. (2020) highlighted the importance of monitoring for these complications post-cholecystectomy.

Question 496

According to Mills and Hargittai (2020) in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, what condition was treated using polyethylene sulcal ridge prostheses?

Answer 496

The condition treated was feline patellar luxation. ## Footnote Additional information: This surgical intervention aimed to address the patellar instability in affected cats.

Question 497

What surgical outcomes were reported by Mills and Hargittai (2020) for the treatment of feline patellar luxation?

Answer 497

The surgical outcomes were positive, with most cats showing improved limb function.

Question 498

In the article "Treatment of feline patellar luxation with polyethylene sulcal ridge prostheses," what was the success rate of the surgical intervention as reported by Mills and Hargittai (2020)?

Answer 498

The success rate was reported to be 85%.

Question 499

How was the polyethylene sulcal ridge prosthesis procedure performed in cats with patellar luxation according to Mills and Hargittai (2020)?

Answer 499

The procedure involved implanting a polyethylene sulcal ridge prosthesis to stabilize the patella.

Question 500

What were the long-term outcomes for cats treated with polyethylene sulcal ridge prostheses in the study by Mills and Hargittai (2020)?

Answer 500

Long-term outcomes included sustained patellar stability and improved quality of life.