updated final Flashcards
classical period times
1750-1820
what happened to the basso continuo
not as present bc composers wanted more control over arrangements
more amateur musicians that couldnt play it
what were the melodies like in the classical period
simple and easy to remember
classical orchestra
was bigger and divided into sections
sontata form
developed in the classical period
for a single mov
exposition- introducing the theme
Development- developing the themes through new keys
Recapitulation- return back to original theme
rondo form
has one theme (A) that goes to other sections like ABCA or ABBA, always comes back to A
what form is a symphony in
rondo
classical concerto
three movement piece for soloist and orchestra that showcases the soloists talent
mozart
child prodigy, wrote symphonies very quickly (people thought he was a vessel where he would just get complete and full ideas), last 3 symphonies only took him 6 weeks
beethoven
also a musical genius, bridged the classical and romantic era, he went deaf
romantic years
1820-1900
main characteritc of romantic era
very individual expression, creativity and styles
art song
composition for solo voice and piano, fused poetry with music and development of song cycles (linked together by a theme or musical elements)
o Very common to have a piano in every house
chopin
mainly wrote for piano, taught piano to the daughters of the rich, died of TB, wrote many nocturnes and etudes
liszt
prodigy of piano, “the best piano player in the romantic era”, wanted to be the Paganini (a violin player) of piano, created a certain type of program music (instrumental music)
o Created the symphonic poem-1 movement piece based on a program music idea, orchestral piece
program symphony
symphony that was programic b/c titles are very descriptive
symphonic poem
created by liszt
1 mov. orchestral composition based on pictorial. ideas
mainly concerned with the devil or death
concert overture
one movement work, within itself
incidental music
background music that is enhancing the action of a drama or movie
modal
symphonic poem, programmatic music, and nationalistic music/ patriotic music
exoticism
emulating other cultures or far off lands
wagner
created massive operas, leit motif (short musical idea associated with a specific character or emotion), bridge between romantic era and 20th century through more dissonance and more chromaticism
leit motif
short musical idea associated with a specific character or emotion),
20th century years
1900-present
characteristics of 20th century
tone color is very prominent
playing instruments in non traditional way
dissonance and chromaticism used more
rhythm more irregular and less predictable
melody is flexible
debussy
French composer, also helped link romantic to 20th, inspired by programmatic ideas
rite of spring
composed by Stravinsky, adds to the idea of primitivism (harsh dissonances, loud percussion, lots of raw power, caused a riot)
atonality
abscence of key
what did Arnold Schoenberg create
atonality
the 12 tone row/system (create a collection of 12 pitches and use all 12 tones before you repeat another note)
chance msuic
a composer chooses pitches, tone colors and rhythms by randome methods
minimalist music
characterized by a steady pulse, clear tonality, and insistent repetition of short melodic patterns
mixed media
videos pr slideshows with music
electornic music
musicals
script, acting, and dialogue with singing and dancing
film music
conveys unspoken thoughts and implications
jazz
rooted in improv. and characterized by synocpated rhythms
a steady beat and unique tone colors
started in new Orleans
lots of swing
Ragtime
a style of composed piano music developed primarily by African American pianists
in duple meter
March tempo
who was the king of ragtime
scott joplin
blues
a form of vocal and instrumental music
flexible rhythm
bent notes
combo
small jazz group of 3-8 players
big band
bug jazz group of 10-15 players
improvisation
the heart iif jazz
the chords of the tune will repeat while the improviser creates new melodies
new orleans style
played by 5-8 players
front line
polyphonic
collective improv
front line
in New Orleans style
meldoic instruments ( cornet, trumpet, clarinet, and trombone) and a rhythmic section and chordal instruments
legendary jazz trumpet player
Louis Armstrong
made scat singing
swing
a new jazz style mainly played by big bands (15 musicians grouped into 3 sections)
riffs
riffs
short repeated phrases
what became one of the most important solo jazz instruments
sax
who was the most important composer, arranger and conductor of the swing era
Duke Ellington
bebop
a complex style of music usually for small group consisting of 4-6 players and meant for attentive listening and not dancing
* Sophisticated harmonies, unpredictable rhythms, and fast tempos
* Beat marked by pizzicato bass and the ride cymbal of the drum set
* A performance began and ended with a statement of the main themes by a soloist or 2 soloists in unison, the remainder of the piece was made up by solo improv
cool jazz
*calmer and more relaxed
* Tend to be longer then bebop works and relied more heavily on arrangements
* Sometimes used instruments that were new to jazz (French horn, flute, cello)
* Tenor sax-Lester Young and Stan Getz, pianist- Lennie Tristano, and trumpeter and bandleader- Miles Davis
modal jazz
- Developed in late 1950s, the soloist creates a melody using 1 (or a small number of) modes. The emphasis is thus shifted from harmony to melody
- Miles Davis introduced the concept to the jazz world with his album form 1959 Kind of Blue, the album was an exploration of the possibilities of modal jazz and it became the best-selling jazz album of all time
free jazz
- During the 1960s some musicians created free jazz, a style that was not based on regular forms or established chord patterns
- b/c of this dominant element of experimentation, free jazz defies characterization. It is more often than not played mostly by individuals or small groups
- Ornette Coleman was a pivotal figure in starting this movement
fusion
- Emerged in late 1960s, new style combing jazz musicians improv approach with rock musical forms, rhythms, and tone colors
- Fusion bands, often combined electric and acoustic instruments and included synthesizers and electric piano, guitar and bass
- Bass assumed a more melodic role sin addition to the more traditional functions of providing the beat and emphazing harmonic foundation
when did billboard start
1958
based popularity off of sales
why did folk revival occur
in the 1950s, Pete Seeger-bango and lead singer
what were folk music performers like
sympathized the underprivelage and celebrated diversity in American culture
country music
during WWII, many southerners migrated to american cities and became a part of the mass audience for country music
what is R and B
rhythm and blues
fuses blues, jazz, and gospel styles
differed from earlier blues b/c of more emphaszied beat
what did R & B infleunce
a new popular music-rock and roll
rock and roll
1st genre that targeted teens who saw rock as an expression of rebellion
hard drivinf beat, eletrci guitars and heavy amplified sound
who was the kind of rock
elvis presley
hippie movement
1960s
many young people apart of this
involved a freer attitude towards dress and lifestyle
showcase for hippie movement
woodstock music festival in 1969
soul msuic
1960s
most of rock music performed by African Americans
emphazied expressivity and gospel
most infleuncitl group of rock
the beatles
what was rock about
Rock also absorbed elements of folk music ad often had lyrics dealing w/ such contemporary issues as war and social injustice
concept albums
the songs are linked by basic ideas
rock performers did this
the most influential folk musician
Bob Dylan
disco
a type of dance music characterized by hypnotic rhythm, repetitive lyrics and electronically produced sounds
new wave
technically refined and stylistically eclectic derivative of rock
punk rock
lyrics expressing dark aspects of life
funk
a syncopated developmet of soul music
rap music
came out in mid 1970s
derived from African American msuic
made of rhythmic and rhymed chanting w/ percussive background of steady beats and complex rhythms
what song introduced rap internationally
rapper’s delight by the sugarhill gang
when did hip hop start to grow
1980s-1990s
1st rap album to hit Billboard 200
Licensed to Ill
Beastie Boys
when was was rap music the best selling genre
1999
MTV
a cable TV network broadcasting music videos
grunge
1990s
many people became disenchanted w/polished sounds of mainstream rock and embraced grunge-an alternative rock stule that originated in Seattle
harsh electric guitar sounds and angry lyrics of despair
2000s
Napster and other peer-to-peer websites allowed users to directly share digital files, bypassing record companies completely
artists generate most of their income through touring and the price of tickets rose by 400% between 1981-2012
what genres started becoming popular in the 2000s
hip hop
rock
country
and electronic dance music (EDM)
