Midterm Flashcards

Question

Ave Maria Virgo Serena

Answer 1

by Josquin Desprez 1475 4-voice motet polyphonic meter changes (duple, triple, duple)

Answer 2

by Palestina 1562-1563 his most famous mass written for a capella of 6 parts: soprano, alto, 2 tenors, + 2 basses polyphonic

Answer 3

secular originated in Italy 1520 for several solo voices set to a short poem homo amd poly word painting, unusual harmonies

Answer 4

by Thomas Weekles 1601 to honor Queen Elizabeth 6 voice parts word painting

Answer 5

by Pierece caroubel instrumental duple meter written for 6 instruments same melody in 5 different parts

Answer 6

1600-1750 2 main composers: Handel and Bach divided into 3 phases: 1) early 1600-1640 2) middle 1640- 1680 3) later 1680-1750

Answer 7

Italian composers of early Baroque

Answer 8

homo dissonance

Answer 9

church modes gave way to major and minor scales instruments became important

Answer 10

produced most baroque played today harmony developed dominant chord to tonic chord polyphonic instrumental as important as vocal

Answer 11

unity of mood- 1 mood through whole piece rhythm- patterns repeated melody- repetitions of melody dynamics- stays the same but sudden shift texture- mainly poly some homo chords + basso continuo- chords became important lots of word painting

Answer 12

10-40 players instrumentation flexible tone color less important

Answer 13

multiple movements 3 part form ABA 2 part AB

Answer 14

small group of soloists pitted against a larger group of players called "tutti" 2-4 soloists play with 8-20 players tutti mainly strings several movements and diff tempos, 1st and 3rd ritornello form

Answer 15

tutti opens themes called ritornello (refrain), theme has different varaitions

Answer 16

polyphonic voices imitate subject (main theme) 3-5 voices form is flexible but subject will presents w/ unaccompanied voice has countersubject paired with subject episodes

Answer 17

1) stretto- subject imitated before completed, 1 voice tries to catch the other 2) pedal point- single tone by bass, is held while other voices produce a series of changing harmonies

Answer 18

1) inversion- each interval reversed in direction to turn the line upside down 2) retrograde- begins w/ last note of the subject and proceeds backwards to the 1st 3) augmentation- time values lengthened 4) diminution- shortened

Answer 19

a drama started in italy around 1600 libretto- the text aria- main attractions for fans, song or solo voice recitative- lead into aria, vocal lines that imitates rhythms and pitch

Answer 20

1567-1643 employed by court of Mantua for 21 years wrote Orpheus 1613- appointed music director at St. Mark's in venice (most important church in Italy) music for voice only developed new orchestral effects (pizzicato + tremolo)

Answer 21

1607 by Monteverdi opera uses recitatives, arias, duets, choruses and instrumental interludes

Answer 22

sung by Orpheus after his wife's death vocal line accompanied by basso continuo homophonic little sense of beat

Answer 23

1659-1695 born in London prodigy wrote Dido and Aeneas 1st native English composer of international rank until the 20th century wrote church, secular, and music for small groups of instruments employed device known as "ground bass/ bass ostinatio"- bass repeated over and over

Answer 24

1689 by Purcell tragic song that Dido sang before killing herself melodic recitative starts the piece accompanied by basso continuo repeated text "Remember Me"

Answer 25

originated in Italy composition in several movements for 1-8 instruments "Trio Sonatas" popular-had 3 melodic lines

Answer 26

1678-1741 towering figure of late Italian Baroque nickname "red priest" from religious background and red hair violinist, composer, conductor, teacher died in poverty known for his concerti grossi and solo concertos

Answer 27

1725 by Vivaldi depicts sounds and events associated with each season concertos example of baroque program music

Answer 28

ritornello form, terrace dynamics, word painting, homo high trills for birdsong soft running notes for stream string temolos and rapid scales for thunder

Answer 29

1685-1750 born in Germany very religious-spent most of career in church considered the most eminent organist, harpischordist, and improviser wrote everything BUT opera poly and homo

Answer 30

much slower/ quieter only violins, violas, and solo violin expansive melody for solo depicts goatherd's slumber violins=rustling leaves violas= barking of dog unchanging texture, rhythm and dynamic level

Answer 31

by Bach dance inspired mov all in same key but different tempo, meter 2 part form A section= tonic key

Answer 32

hymn sung in vernacular and congregation easy to sing/remember 1 note to each syllable melodies were harmonized harmony has 3 lower partd

Answer 33

principal means of expression in the Lutheran service sung by chorales written for chorus, vocal soloists, organ and small orch religious text-either new or from Bible

Answer 34

large scale composition for chorus, vocal soloists and orch narrative text differs from opera- no acting based on biblical stories but not intended for religious services narrator has recitatives

Answer 35

1685-1759 born in germany child prodigy at 21, went to italy to write operas became England's most important composer and fav of Queen Anne director of Royal Academy of Music (commerical opera company) made his own company later on composed performed and directed at his company almost blind before he died considered master of Italian opera and English oratorios

Answer 36

1741 by Handel most famous oratorio 2 and 1/2 hours long 53 movements composed in 24 days commentary on jesus Christ's nativity, passion and resurrection lacks plot action and characters only English oratorio that uses New Testament and Old

Answer 37

1 of the most famous choral pieces sudden changes poly, homo, and mono most famous from Messiah took his text from the Relevation of St. John, which celebrates God as almighty ruler