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terminology > updated chapter 5 cards > Flashcards

updated chapter 5 cards Flashcards

1
Q

eight levels of organization

A
  1. atom and ion
  2. molecules
  3. organelles
  4. cells
  5. tissues
  6. organs
  7. body system
  8. organism
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2
Q

stem cells

A

cells that have the ability to divide without limit and give rise to specialized cells

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3
Q

somatic cells

A

have 23 pairs of chromosomes

account for all the body’s cells except for reproductive cells

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4
Q

somatic cells are made of

A

nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
chromosomes

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5
Q

tissue

A

group of cells that preform the same basic activity

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6
Q

four types of tissue

A

epithelial tissue
connective tissue
muscular tissue
nervous tissue

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7
Q

epithelial tissue

A

skin and lining cavity

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8
Q

connective tissue

A

supports and bonds other body tissue and parts example bones and fat cells

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9
Q

muscular tissue

A

fibers that are able to contract and cause movement of body parts

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10
Q

nervous tissue

A

conducts impulses that connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body

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11
Q

organs

A

two or more tissue types that work together to perform more than one function

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12
Q

body system

A

consist of multiple organs that work together to preform a function

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13
Q

11 Major body systems

A 
nervous system
skeletal system
muscular system
endocrine system
lymphatic system
integumentary system
cardiovascular system
respiratory system
digestive system
urinary system
reproductive system
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14
Q

frontal plane

A

divides the body into front and back portions

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15
Q

transverse plane

A

divides the body into upper and lower portions

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16
Q

sagittal plane

A

divides the body into right and left sides

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17
Q

midsagittal plane

A

divides the body into two equal halves

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18
Q

viscera

A

large organs contained in the ventral cavity

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19
Q

diaphragm

A

divides the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

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20
Q

adhesion

A

when two structures that are normally separated stick together.

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21
Q

4 body regions

A

head
neck
torso
extremities

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22
Q

4 abdominal quadrants

A

RUQ
LUQ
RLQ
LLQ

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23
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

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24
Q

palmar

A

pertaining to the palm

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25
Q

plantar

A

sole or under surface of the foot

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26
Q

prone position

A

facedown palms up

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27
Q

supine position

A

face up palms down

28
Q

Lateral position (sim position)

A

lie of left side, right knee bent and thigh bent upper limb parrallel to back

29
Q

anatomic position

A

standing erect, face directed to the front, upper limbs to the side, palms turned outward

30
Q

interstital fluid

A

type of extracelular fluid the fills the spaces between most of the cells of the body

31
Q

plasma

A

straw colored fluid found in blood

32
Q

centrifuge

A

machine used to spin blood to separate it from the plasma

33
Q

three formed elements found in blood

A

Erythrocytes
leukocytes
blood platelets (thrombocytes)

34
Q

coagulation

A

blood clotting

35
Q

fibrin

A

forms in clots entangling trapped cells

36
Q

platelets

A

small structures in the blood that are important for blood clotting

37
Q

hemoglobin

A

red, iron containing pigment that transports oxygen to the tissues and waste carbon dioxide to the lung and exhanged for fresh o2

38
Q

pallor

A

paleness

39
Q

susceptibility

A

vulnerable to a disease or disorder

40
Q

resistance

A

the body’s natural ability to counteract microorganisms or toxins

41
Q

inflammation

A

protective response of body tissue that increases circulation to an area after irritation or injury

42
Q

interferon

A

called produced protein that protects the cells from viral infections

43
Q

complement

A

protein that not only promotes inflammation and phagocytosis but causes bacterial cells to rupture

44
Q

antigen

A

any subtance that the body regards as foreign

45
Q

antibody

A

disease fighting protein produced by the immune system in response to a specific antigen

46
Q

two types of lymphocytes

A

T cells

B cells

47
Q

2 types of body defense lines

A

non specific resistance

selective or specific resistance

48
Q

immunization

A

process by which resistance to an infectious disease is induced or augmented

49
Q

active immunity

A

occurs when the individuals own body produces an immune response to a harmful antigen

50
Q

passive immunity

A

results when the immune agent develop in another and then are transfered to and individual not previously immune

51
Q

borrowed immunity

A

comes from passive immunity and provides immediate protection but is effective for only a short time.

52
Q

vaccination

A

administration of antgenic materials to induce immunity

53
Q

4 types of immunity

A 
Active Natural
passive natural
active artificial (vaccination, injection of antigens)
passive artifical (antibodies from another host)
54
Q

hypersensitivity

A

excessive reaction to an antigen

example being anaphylaxis shock and allergies

55
Q

benign

A

favorable for recovery not having a tendency to spread

56
Q

malignant

A

tending to grow worse or spread becoming possibly life threatening.

57
Q

metastasis

A

spreading from one part of the body to another.

example cancer cells are malignant and metastasis

58
Q

metastasize

A

to spread away from point of origin through blood stream, lympathic system or tissue.

59
Q

pathogen

A

microorganism capable of causing or producing disease

60
Q

virus

A

minute microorganism that replicates ONLY within a cell of a living plant or animal. has NO idependent metabolic activity
require an electron microscope to be seen.

61
Q

bacteria

A

cocci
bacilli
spirilla

62
Q

fungi

A

feed by absorbing organic molecules from their surroundings. can be parasitic.
examples are yearst and molds

63
Q

protozoa

A

simplest organism of the animal kingdom

64
Q

4 general pathogenic microorganism

A

virus
bacteria
fungi
protozoa

65
Q

bioterrorism

A

use of pathogenic agents to cause terror in population

terminology (6 decks)

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