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updated chapter 5 cards Flashcards

1
Q

eight levels of organization

A
  1. atom and ion
  2. molecules
  3. organelles
  4. cells
  5. tissues
  6. organs
  7. body system
  8. organism
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2
Q

stem cells

A

cells that have the ability to divide without limit and give rise to specialized cells

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3
Q

somatic cells

A

have 23 pairs of chromosomes

account for all the body’s cells except for reproductive cells

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4
Q

somatic cells are made of

A

nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
chromosomes

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5
Q

tissue

A

group of cells that preform the same basic activity

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6
Q

four types of tissue

A

epithelial tissue
connective tissue
muscular tissue
nervous tissue

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7
Q

epithelial tissue

A

skin and lining cavity

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8
Q

connective tissue

A

supports and bonds other body tissue and parts example bones and fat cells

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9
Q

muscular tissue

A

fibers that are able to contract and cause movement of body parts

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10
Q

nervous tissue

A

conducts impulses that connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body

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11
Q

organs

A

two or more tissue types that work together to perform more than one function

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12
Q

body system

A

consist of multiple organs that work together to preform a function

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13
Q

11 Major body systems

A 
nervous system
skeletal system
muscular system
endocrine system
lymphatic system
integumentary system
cardiovascular system
respiratory system
digestive system
urinary system
reproductive system
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14
Q

frontal plane

A

divides the body into front and back portions

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15
Q

transverse plane

A

divides the body into upper and lower portions

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16
Q

sagittal plane

A

divides the body into right and left sides

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17
Q

midsagittal plane

A

divides the body into two equal halves

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18
Q

viscera

A

large organs contained in the ventral cavity

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19
Q

diaphragm

A

divides the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

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20
Q

adhesion

A

when two structures that are normally separated stick together.

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21
Q

4 body regions

A

head
neck
torso
extremities

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22
Q

4 abdominal quadrants

A

RUQ
LUQ
RLQ
LLQ

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23
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

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24
Q

palmar

A

pertaining to the palm

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25
plantar
sole or under surface of the foot
26
prone position
facedown palms up
27
supine position
face up palms down
28
Lateral position (sim position)
lie of left side, right knee bent and thigh bent upper limb parrallel to back
29
anatomic position
standing erect, face directed to the front, upper limbs to the side, palms turned outward
30
interstital fluid
type of extracelular fluid the fills the spaces between most of the cells of the body
31
plasma
straw colored fluid found in blood
32
centrifuge
machine used to spin blood to separate it from the plasma
33
three formed elements found in blood
Erythrocytes leukocytes blood platelets (thrombocytes)
34
coagulation
blood clotting
35
fibrin
forms in clots entangling trapped cells
36
platelets
small structures in the blood that are important for blood clotting
37
hemoglobin
red, iron containing pigment that transports oxygen to the tissues and waste carbon dioxide to the lung and exhanged for fresh o2
38
pallor
paleness
39
susceptibility
vulnerable to a disease or disorder
40
resistance
the body's natural ability to counteract microorganisms or toxins
41
inflammation
protective response of body tissue that increases circulation to an area after irritation or injury
42
interferon
called produced protein that protects the cells from viral infections
43
complement
protein that not only promotes inflammation and phagocytosis but causes bacterial cells to rupture
44
antigen
any subtance that the body regards as foreign
45
antibody
disease fighting protein produced by the immune system in response to a specific antigen
46
two types of lymphocytes
T cells | B cells
47
2 types of body defense lines
non specific resistance | selective or specific resistance
48
immunization
process by which resistance to an infectious disease is induced or augmented
49
active immunity
occurs when the individuals own body produces an immune response to a harmful antigen
50
passive immunity
results when the immune agent develop in another and then are transfered to and individual not previously immune
51
borrowed immunity
comes from passive immunity and provides immediate protection but is effective for only a short time.
52
vaccination
administration of antgenic materials to induce immunity
53
4 types of immunity
``` Active Natural passive natural active artificial (vaccination, injection of antigens) passive artifical (antibodies from another host) ```
54
hypersensitivity
excessive reaction to an antigen | example being anaphylaxis shock and allergies
55
benign
favorable for recovery not having a tendency to spread
56
malignant
tending to grow worse or spread becoming possibly life threatening.
57
metastasis
spreading from one part of the body to another. | example cancer cells are malignant and metastasis
58
metastasize
to spread away from point of origin through blood stream, lympathic system or tissue.
59
pathogen
microorganism capable of causing or producing disease
60
virus
minute microorganism that replicates ONLY within a cell of a living plant or animal. has NO idependent metabolic activity require an electron microscope to be seen.
61
bacteria
cocci bacilli spirilla
62
fungi
feed by absorbing organic molecules from their surroundings. can be parasitic. examples are yearst and molds
63
protozoa
simplest organism of the animal kingdom
64
4 general pathogenic microorganism
virus bacteria fungi protozoa
65
bioterrorism
use of pathogenic agents to cause terror in population

terminology (6 decks)

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