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terminology > chapter 6 terminology > Flashcards

chapter 6 terminology Flashcards

1
Q

musculoskeletal system

A

includes all of the muscles, bones, joints and related structures

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2
Q

muscular system

A

all type of muscle included

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3
Q

skeletal system

A

consist of bones and cartilage. the supporting frame work for the muscles, tendon and ligaments

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4
Q

bone marrow

A

soft tissue that fills the cavities of the bones

Red marrow functions in the formation of erythrocytes leukocytes and platelets

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5
Q

adult skeleton has # of bones

A

206

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6
Q

cranial boneS

A 
frontal bone
sphenoid bone
ethmoid bone
temporal bone
occipital bone
parietal bone
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7
Q

facial bones

A

maxilla

mandible

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8
Q

cervical vertebragae

A

c1 -c7

neck region

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9
Q

thoracic vertebragae

A

t1 -t12

behind chest cavity

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10
Q

lumbar vertebragae

A

L1 - L5

lower back

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11
Q

sacrum

A

five vertebrae fused into one bone

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12
Q

coccyx

A

(tailbone) 4 vertebrae fused into one bone

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13
Q

of ribs

A

12

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14
Q

cartilage

A

specialized type of dense tissue that is elastic but strong and withstands considerable pressure or tension.

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15
Q

Chondral

A

pertaining to cartilage

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16
Q

3 main types of muscle

A 
cardiac muscle (heart) -  
visceral or involuntary muscle (internal organs)  - smooth muscle found in the walls of internal structures
skeletal muscle  (voluntary) - muscle type that is attached to the bone
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17
Q

fascia

A

fibrous membrane that covers supports and separates muscles

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18
Q

tendons

A

bands of strong fibrous tissue that attach the muscles to the bones

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19
Q

striations

A

alternate light and dark bands voluntary muscle

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20
Q

fontanels

A

newborn soft spots

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21
Q

33 is the number of….

A

vertebra in the vertebral column

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22
Q

intervertebral disk

A

cushions of cartilage adjoining vertebrae

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23
Q

muscle

A

composed of cells and fibers that contract and allow movement of an or ganor part of the body

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24
Q

viscer/o

A

internal organs enclosed within a body cavity

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25
Q

example of synovial joints

A 
elbow
knee
ankle
shoulders
hip joint
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26
Q

four common types of joint motion

A

extension - straighten
flexion - bend
rotation - movement of own axis
circumduction - circular movement

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27
Q

ROM

A

range of motion
maximum amount of movement that a healthy joint is capable of
measured in the degree of a circle

28
Q

ligaments

A

strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bones or cartilage and serve to support and strengthen joints

29
Q

myofibrosis

A

tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue

30
Q

myasthenia

A

fatigue and muscle weakness resulting from a defect in the conduction of nerve impulse.

31
Q

simple fracture

A

bones is broken but does not puncture skin surface

32
Q

compound fracture

A

the bone is broken and visible through an opening in the skin

33
Q

herniated disk

A

when disk between the vertebrae become diseased, sometime rupturing (slipped disk)

34
Q

parapelegia

A

paralysis of the lower body and both legs

35
Q

quadripelegia - tetrapelegia

A

paralysis of the arms and legs

36
Q

paresis

A

motor weakness or partial paralysis

37
Q

paraparesis

A

partial paralysis of the lower limbs

38
Q

osteomyrlitis

A

infection of the bone and bone marrow caused by infectious microorganism

39
Q

sarcomas

A

cancers that arise from connective tissue

40
Q

leukemia

A

chronic or acute diseases of blood forming tissues characterized by unrestrained growth of leukoctyes and their precursors

41
Q

posterior iliac crest

A

preferred site for bone marrow aspiration

sternum can be used in adults

42
Q

metabolism

A

sum of all the chemical processes that result in growth

43
Q

osteitis deformans (paget disease)

A

skeletal disease of elderly persons characterized by chronic bone inflammation. causes thickening and softening of bones

44
Q

deformans

A

deformity or disfiguring

45
Q

spondylomalacia

A

softening of the vertebrae

46
Q

dowagers hump

A

abnormal curvature of the spine from front to back often seen in osteoporosis

47
Q

bifida

A

divided into two parts (bi)

spinal bifida allows herniation of the spinal cord

48
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral curvature of the spine

49
Q

kyphosis

A

humpback or hunchback

Most commonly seen in osteoporosis

50
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

group of inherited diseases characterized by weakness, atrophy of muscles

51
Q

atrophy

A

wasting

52
Q

tarsoptosis

A

flatfoot - inherited condition causes the flattening of the foot arch

53
Q

DJD

A

degenerative joint disease or osteoarthritis

most common form of arthritis -

54
Q

rheumatism

A

acute or chronic conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness and stiffness of muscles and pain in joints

55
Q

lupus erythematosus (LE)

A

autoimmune disease that involves connective tissue

56
Q

gout

A

caused by hyperuricemia

57
Q

closed reduction

A

manipulation of a fracture without surgery

58
Q

open reduction

A

manipulation of a fracture requiring surgery

59
Q

internal fixation

A

surgery using pins or other materials to immobilized a broken bone

60
Q

external fixation

A

use metal pins attached to a compression device outside the skin surface
used in open and closed reduction

61
Q

craniotomy

A

bone incised

any surgical opening into the skull

62
Q

craniectomy

A

segment of skull removed

63
Q

laminectomy

A

surgical removal of the bony posterior arch of a vertebrae to permit surgical access to the disk so that the herniated material can be removed.

64
Q

diskectomy

A

complete excision of an intervertebral disk

65
Q

spinal puncture

A

spinal tap or lumbar puncture
puncture of the spinal cavity with a needle to either extract the spinal fluid for diagnostics or to introduce agents into the spinal column for anesthesia or radiographic studies.

terminology (6 decks)

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