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intro to Chem > updated chapter 1 > Flashcards

updated chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a molecule

A

a molecule that consists of one or more atoms joined by a chemical bond

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2
Q

what does constant composition mean

A

the compound is made up of the same elements in the same proportion or ratio

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3
Q

what is an example of a constant composition?

A

h20, it has the same ratio of hydrogen to oxygen

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4
Q

what does pure substance mean?

A

something with a constant composition. It has the same properties regardless from where you extract it from.

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5
Q

Give an example for a pure substance and what it means

A

sucrose (sugar) contains the exact same amount of elements regardless of where you get your sugar from.

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6
Q

what do you call pure substances that cannot be broken down further?

A

an element

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7
Q

what are the two types of pure substances?

A

elements and compounds

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8
Q

if a pure substance can be broken down, what is it called?

A

a compound

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9
Q

compounds can be broken down into other __

A

elements

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10
Q

a mixture is composed of __ or more types of matter

A

two

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11
Q

a mixture with a composition that varies from point to point is called __?

A

heterogeneous mixture

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12
Q

why would something like chocolate cookies be considered a heterogeneous mixture?

A

heterogeneous mixtures are chocolate chip cookies(we can see the separate bits of chocolate, nuts, and cookie dough)

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13
Q

what is the definition of a homogenous mixture?

A

has a uniform/consistent composition

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14
Q

what do homogenous mixtures look like visually?

A

consistent

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15
Q

what is an example of a homogenous mixture? and why?

A

a sports drink because you get the same components of the sports drink on every sip

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16
Q

if a pure substance can be simplified chemically, what it is it?

A

a compound

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17
Q

if a pure substance CANNOT be simplified chemically, what it is it?

A

element

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18
Q

if a mixture has a uniform consistency, what is it?

A

a homogenous mixture

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19
Q

if a mixture DOESN’T have uniform consistency, what is it?

A

a heterogenous mixture

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20
Q

if matter has constant properties, what is it?

A

a pure substance

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21
Q

if matter DOES NOT have constant properties, what is it?

A

a mixture

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22
Q

is muddy water a pure element, a mixture, pure compound, a homogenous or heterogeneous mixture?

A

heterogeneous

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23
Q

is distilled water a pure element, a mixture, pure compound, a homogenous or heterogeneous mixture??

A

compound because it is pure h20

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24
Q

is sea water a pure element, a mixture, pure compound, a homogenous or heterogeneous mixture??

A

homogenous

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25
Q

is beer a pure element, a mixture, pure compound, a homogenous or heterogeneous mixture??

A

homogenous

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26
Q

is vitamin c a pure element, a mixture, pure compound, a homogenous or heterogeneous mixture??

A

compound

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27
Q

how does a homogenous mixture differ from a pure substance?

A

a mixture can have a variety or a lot of compositions; whereas a pure substance has a definite composition

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28
Q

how do molecules of elements and molecules of compounds differ? how are they similar?

A

different by: the molecules of elements contain one type of atom; molecules of atoms contain two or more types of atoms. Similar: they are similar because the ATOMS are chemically bounded

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29
Q

Classify each of the following as an element, a compound, or a mixture: a) iron b) oxygen c) mercury oxide d) pancake syrup e) carbon dioxide F) a substance with a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom

A

Iron: element oxygen: element mercury oxide: compound pancake syrup: mixture carbon dioxide: compound f) compound

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30
Q
  1. Identify each as a heterogeneous mixture or a homogeneous mixture. a)Salt is mixed with pepper. b)Sugar is dissolved in water. c)Pasta is cooked in boiling water
A

a) hetero b) homo c) hetro

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31
Q

are two hydrogen elements combined together a compound? and why?

A

it is not a compound because you cannot have a compound with the same element

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32
Q

what is the difference between organic and inorganic compounds

A

organic compounds have a carbon atom and non organic do not have a carbon atom

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33
Q

explain the main differences between ionic and non ionic compounds?

A

ionic has a metal and non metal non ionic has two non metals

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34
Q

how are covalent bonds created?

A

created by a sharing of electrons between two atoms

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35
Q

compounds exist as either

A

molecules or crystals (ionic compounds)

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36
Q

homogeneous mixtures are often called?

A

solutions

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37
Q

if salt dissolves in water, this would be an example of a homogenous or heterogenous mixture?

A

homogenous

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38
Q

mixing sand and water would be an example of what kind of mixture?

A

heterogonoues

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39
Q

why would mixing gatorade with sand be a heterogenous mixture?

A

because sand would not mix/dissolve in gatorade

40
Q

what are the two properties of matter?

A

physical properties and chemical properties

41
Q

definition of physical properties?

A

describes the phyical characteristics of a substance

42
Q

give 3 examples of a physical property?

A

colour, mass, shape

43
Q

are thermal and electric conductivity examples of physical properties or chemical properties?

A

physical

44
Q

definition of chemical properties?

A

properties shown when a substance interacts with substances OR changes into another substance

45
Q

what are some examples of chemical properties

A

flammability, reactivity with oxygen

46
Q

what are the two different types of properties

A

intensive and extensive properties

47
Q

definition of a intensive properties? and what are two examples?

A

properties that do not depend on the amount of matter present. Temperature and density

48
Q

define extensive properties, and give 3 examples.

A

properties that depend on the amount of matter present. Heat, mass, volume

49
Q

intensive properties can also be defined as

A

independent amount of matter

50
Q

what are the two different types of changes of matter?

A

pysical and chemical changes.

51
Q

what is a physical change and what is an example?

A

a change that does not change the identity of a substance. EX: a phase change

52
Q

what is a chemical change?

A

a change that results in a change of identity of a substance

53
Q

a chemical change is also known as a

A

chemical reaction

54
Q

a ice melting to liquid is an example of a chemical change or a physical change and why?

A

physical change because there are no changes being made to the identity of the substance

55
Q

digestions of food is considered a

A

chemical change

56
Q

when given a question about chemical/ physcial change, what is a good question to ask?

A

am I creating something new or is it just changing phase?

57
Q

what is always associated with change?

A

energy

58
Q

energy can be classified into two kinds of energy

A

kinetic energy and potential energy

59
Q

what is associated with kinetic energy?

A

motion

60
Q

what is associated with potential energy?

A

energy stored in a system

61
Q

heat is the energy flow due to difference in ___

A

temperature

62
Q

temperature is a measure of what

A

measure of the average kinetic energy of particles

63
Q

what are the two types of reactions?

A

endothermic and exothermic reaction

64
Q

endothermic process means what?

A

when a system absorbs heat it is endothermic

65
Q

if a system releases heat, it is a __ process?

A

exothermic

66
Q

if you break a bond, it is a what kind of process?

A

endothermic (requires energy)

67
Q

a liquid to a gas is a endothermic or exothermic process?

A

endothermic

68
Q

when a bond forms, what process is included?

A

exothermic

69
Q

gas to liquid then liquid to gas is what?

A

vaporization in the former condensation in the latter

70
Q

gas to solid and solid to gas

A

deposition sublimation

71
Q

why during the phase changes (melting, freezing, etc..) is temperature constant?

A

have to overcome the intermolecular forces

72
Q

explain why temperature does not increase during a transition from solid to liquid

A

because all of the energy is going into separating the intermolecular forces

73
Q

what is the 5th phase of matter?

A

Bose-Einstein condensate

74
Q

what is the laboratory technique used when keeping the liquid once it becomes steam called

A

distillation

75
Q

what does the condenser do in a distillation device?

A

the condenser cools the heat which turns it back to liquid.

76
Q

decantation means

A

pouring the liquid and let the solids remain

77
Q

what is a very important tool for when doing chemical analysis

A

chromatography

78
Q

what is chromatography used for

A

separating substances in complex mixtures

79
Q

centrifugation does what

A

spins really fast, then separates substances

80
Q

what is the fundamental difference between a compound and a mixture of elements

A

a compound has a chemical bond; a mixture of elements does not have a chemical bond and has weak intermolecular forces

81
Q

Why is it more difficult to separate elements in a compound from each other than to separate elements in a mixture or compounds in a mixture?

A

to break a chemical bond it requires a lot of energy/heat a mixture of elements require little energy/heat since it has a low intermolecular force

82
Q

What determines the melting and boiling points of substances?

A

it depends on the level of the intermolecular force

83
Q

Why don’t all chemical substances react together all the time? Why is it that some substances can be together and not react?

A

Chemical reactions don’t all occur at the same rate. … If you want a chemical reaction to happen faster, the particles of the reactants need to collide either more quickly or with more energy.

84
Q

how do you determine how many significant figures are there?

A

every non zero in a number

85
Q

how many significant figures are in 234

A

3

86
Q

when a zero is in between two real numbers, how many significant numbers are there?

A

3

87
Q

7094 has how many significant numbers?

A

4

88
Q

how many significant figures in 5006?

A

4

89
Q

what is the difference of significant numbers between 500 and 500.?

A

500: trailing zeros has one 1 500. : has 3

90
Q

in 0.00836, how many significant numbers?

A

3

91
Q

Assuming that the measurement 0.006580 kg is properly reported, the three leading zeros are not significant.. A. True B. False

A

True

92
Q

In the number 0.0059830, what is its name, and is it significant?

A

Trailing zero; yes it is counted as significant

93
Q

knowledge that comes from sensory experiences is called

A

empiricism

94
Q

liquid to gas is called

A

evaporation

95
Q

gas to liquid is called

A

condensation

intro to Chem (11 decks)

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