Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science > Untitled Deck > Flashcards

Untitled Deck Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a body system?

A

A group of organs and tissues working together to perform specific functions in the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an organ?

A

A specialized structure within the body that performs a specific function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is tissue?

A

A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function – e.g. epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, nerve tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a cell?

A

The basic unit of life, the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is digestion?

A

The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

The physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces through chewing and muscular movements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a bolus?

A

A mass of chewed food created by mechanical digestion that is ready to be swallowed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

The coordinated, rhythmic muscular contractions that move food and other materials through the digestive tract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

The process of breaking down food using enzymes and chemicals to extract nutrients.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Biological molecules that catalyze chemical reactions in the body, speeding up the conversion of substrates into products.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is protease?

A

A digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is amylase?

A

A digestive enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates (starches) into simpler sugars like glucose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is lipase?

A

A digestive enzyme that breaks down fats (lipids) into fatty acids and glycerol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is saliva?

A

The watery fluid produced in the mouth, containing enzymes that begin the digestive process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the oesophagus?

A

The muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach, allowing food to travel from the mouth to the stomach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the stomach?

A

A muscular organ that receives and digests food through mechanical and chemical processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the small intestine?

A

The long, coiled tube where most digestion and nutrient absorption take place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are villi?

A

Tiny, finger-like projections in the lining of the small intestine that increase its surface area for nutrient absorption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the pancreas?

A

A gland that produces digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin, regulating blood sugar levels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the liver?

A

A vital organ that performs various functions, including detoxification, metabolism, and bile production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the gall bladder?

A

A small organ that stores and concentrates bile, which is released into the small intestine to aid in digestion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is bile?

A

A greenish-yellow fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder, aiding in fat digestion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the large intestine?

A

The portion of the digestive tract responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes, forming and storing faeces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the rectum?

A

The final portion of the large intestine where faeces are stored before elimination.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the anus?

A

The opening at the end of the digestive tract through which faeces are eliminated from the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is plasma?

A

The liquid component of blood that carries blood cells, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are platelets?

A

Small cell fragments in the blood that help in clot formation to prevent excessive bleeding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are arteries?

A

Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to various parts of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are veins?

A

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from various parts of the body back to the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that facilitate the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is oxygenated blood?

A

Blood that is rich in oxygen, typically found in arteries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is deoxygenated blood?

A

Blood that has given up its oxygen and is returning to the heart, typically found in veins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is an atrium?

A

One of the two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from the body or lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is a ventricle?

A

One of the two lower chambers of the heart that pump blood to the body or lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are valves?

A

Structures in the heart and veins that ensure one-way blood flow and prevent backflow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the vena cava?

A

The body’s largest vein, carrying deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart.

37
Q

What is the aorta?

A

The main artery in the body, carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the body.

38
Q

What is the pulmonary artery?

A

The artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.

39
Q

What is the pulmonary vein?

A

The vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart.

40
Q

What is the trachea?

A

The windpipe, a tube that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi, allowing air to pass to and from the lungs.

41
Q

What are the lungs?

A

Two spongy organs in the chest that perform the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during respiration.

42
Q

What are bronchi?

A

Two large airways that branch from the trachea and carry air to the lungs.

43
Q

What are bronchioles?

A

Small, branching airways in the lungs that lead to the alveoli where gas exchange occurs.

44
Q

What are alveoli?

A

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.

45
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

A dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest cavity (thoracic) from the abdominal cavity and aids in breathing.

46
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

The process by which cells convert oxygen and glucose into energy, carbon dioxide, and water, generating the energy needed for cells to carry out their functions in the body.

GLUCOSE+OXYGEN->ATP,C02 AND WATER

47
Q

What is breathing?

A

The act of inhaling and exhaling air, allowing oxygen to enter the lungs and carbon dioxide to leave the body.

48
Q

What are cilia?

A

Tiny hair-like structures on the surface of some cells that help move mucus and particles out of the respiratory tract.

49
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

A type of reproduction that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

50
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

A type of reproduction that involves two parents, where the offspring inherit a mix of genetic material from both.

51
Q

What are gonads?

A

The reproductive organs (testes in males and ovaries in females) that produce gametes (sperm or eggs) and hormones.

52
Q

What is a gamete?

A

A reproductive cell (sperm in males, egg in females) that contains half the genetic information of an organism.

53
Q

What is sperm?

A

The male gamete that carries half of the genetic material necessary for reproduction.

54
Q

What is an egg (ovum)?

A

The female gamete that carries half of the genetic material necessary for reproduction.

55
Q

What is fertilisation?

A

The process where a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell to form a zygote.

56
Q

What is a zygote?

A

The first cell formed when a sperm cell from a male and an egg cell from a female join together during fertilization.

57
Q

What is puberty?

A

The stage in life when a child’s body starts to develop and change into an adult body, reaching sexual maturity, including the ability to reproduce.

58
Q

What is the menstrual cycle?

A

A monthly process in females where the body prepares for a possible pregnancy. If no pregnancy happens, the uterus lining is shed, resulting in menstruation (a period).

59
Q

What is an embryo?

A

The early stage of development for an organism, starting from the time the zygote begins to divide and grow.

60
Q

What is genetic variation?

A

Differences in DNA among individuals of a species, often resulting from sexual reproduction.

61
Q

What is a hermaphrodite?

A

An organism that has both male and female reproductive organs, capable of producing both gametes.

62
Q

What is pollination?

A

The transfer of pollen from the male part of a flower to the female part, necessary for fertilization in plants.

63
Q

What are atoms?

A

The basic units of matter, consisting of a nucleus of subatomic particles of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons.

64
Q

What are elements?

A

Substances composed of only one type of atom, which cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

65
Q

What are electrons?

A

Negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom.

66
Q

What are protons?

A

Positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

67
Q

What are neutrons?

A

Uncharged subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

68
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

The central core of an atom, containing protons and neutrons.

69
Q

What is atomic number?

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, determining the element’s identity.

70
Q

What is a chemical symbol?

A

A shorthand notation used to represent an element or chemical compound.

71
Q

What is mass number?

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

72
Q

What is the periodic table?

A

A table arrangement of elements, organized by atomic number and chemical properties.

73
Q

What are metals?

A

Elements that are typically shiny, conductive, and malleable, found on the left side of the periodic table.

74
Q

What are non-metals?

A

Elements that lack many of the properties of metals, found on the right side of the periodic table.

75
Q

What are metalloids?

A

Elements with properties of both metals and non-metals, found along the diagonal boundary between metals and non-metals in the periodic table.

76
Q

What is a group in the periodic table?

A

A vertical column on the periodic table that contains elements with similar properties.

77
Q

What is a period in the periodic table?

A

A horizontal row on the periodic table that signifies the number of electron shells in an atom.

78
Q

What is a compound?

A

Substances formed when two or more different elements chemically bond together.

79
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

80
Q

What are mixtures?

A

Combinations of two or more substances in which each retains its chemical properties.

81
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

A process in which the chemical composition of substances is altered, resulting in new products.

82
Q

What is a physical change?

A

A process in which the physical state of a substance is altered, but its chemical composition remains the same.

83
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

The process in which reactants are transformed into products, involving the breaking and forming of chemical bonds between atoms.

84
Q

What are reactants?

A

Substances that begin a chemical reaction, resulting in the formation of products.

85
Q

What are products?

A

Substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction.

86
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

A solid substance that forms from a chemical reaction in a liquid solution.

87
Q

What is reaction rate?

A

The speed at which a chemical reaction occurs, often measured in terms of the rate of change of reactants or products.

88
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions.

89
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A chemical such as an enzyme that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without getting used up.

Science (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions