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Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three sub-atomic particles

A

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

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2
Q

What is the charge of protons and electrons?


A

Protons have a positive charge, and electrons have a negative charge.

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3
Q

Where are electrons located in an atom?


A

Electrons are located outside the nucleus.

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4
Q

How are protons, neutrons, and electrons distributed in an atom?


A

Protons and neutrons exist in the nucleus, while electrons are spread out around the edge.

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5
Q

What is the mass of an electron compared to protons and neutrons?


A

The mass of an electron is almost 0, while protons and neutrons have significant mass.

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6
Q

What is the atomic number of an element?


A

The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

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7
Q

What defines an element?


A

An element is a pure substance made up of only one type of atom.

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8
Q

How many different elements are found naturally on Earth?


A

There are 92 different elements found naturally on Earth.

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9
Q

What are the two main categories of elements?


A

Elements can be categorized into metals and non-metals.

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10
Q

What are the properties of metals?

A

Lustrous (shiny)
Hard
High density
High tensile strength
High melting and boiling points
Ductile
Good conductors of heat and electricity

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11
Q

What are the properties of non-metals?

A

Poor thermal conductors
Poor electrical conductors
Brittle solids
Dull appearance

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12
Q

What are metalloids?


A

Metalloids are elements that show properties of both metals and non-metals.

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13
Q

What is the arrangement of elements in the periodic table based on?


A

The periodic table arranges elements based on the size of their atoms and properties of elements.

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14
Q

What are the horizontal rows and vertical columns in the periodic table called?


A

The horizontal rows are called periods, and the vertical columns are called groups.

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15
Q

What is the chemical symbol for oxygen?


A

O

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16
Q

How is the atomic number related to the position of an element in the periodic table?


A

The position of an element is determined by the number of protons in an atom, which is the atomic number.

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17
Q

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?


A

Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number.

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18
Q

How do you determine the number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom?


A

Both the number of protons and electrons are equal to the atomic number.

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19
Q

Is the proton on the outside or inside?

A

Inside

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20
Q

Is the electron on the outside or inside?

A

Outside

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21
Q

What is the ball in the middle of the atom called filled with protons and electrons

A

nuecelus

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22
Q

What is the mass made of?

A

made up from the protons and neutrons.

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23
Q

What is an element

A

substances that are made up of only one (1) type of atom.

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24
Q

what are atoms

A

very small particles that make up all things. Atoms have the same properties as the objects they make up.

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25
Q

What are elements

A

pure substances made up of only one type of atom

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26
Q

what are electrons

A

very light, negatively charged particles inside an atom. Electrons move around the central nucleus of an atom.

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27
Q

what are protons

A

tiny, but heavy, positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom

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28
Q

what are protons

A

tiny, but heavy, positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom

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29
Q

what are neutrons

A

tiny, but heavy, particle found in the nucleus of an atom. Neutrons have no electrical charge.

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30
Q

what is an atomic number

A

number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. The atomic number determines which element an atom is.

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31
Q

what is the chemical symbol

A

standard way that scientists write the names of the elements, using either a capital letter or a capital followed by a lowercase letter. For example, carbon is C and copper is Cu.

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32
Q

Unlike atoms, elements are substances that can be observed and have measurable properties.

A
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33
Q

what are the 2 main categories elements can be broken into

A

Metals
- Non-Metals

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34
Q

What are compounds

A

Compounds contain atoms of more than one type of element

The atoms of one element are bonded tightly to the atoms of another element or elements.

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35
Q

What are pure substances

A

A pure substance has all the same atoms or molecules.

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36
Q

Pure substances cant be broken down

A
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37
Q

What are mixtures

A

Mixtures are able to be seperated and have molecules that are not chemically bonded together

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38
Q

Elements and compounds are pure substances. The particles within one pure substance, whether they are atoms or molecules, are all the same.

Mixtures are made up of more than one pure substance

A
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39
Q

whats a compound

A

substance made up of two or more different types of atoms that have been joined (bonded) together

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40
Q

whats a molecoule

A

two or more atoms joined (bonded) together

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41
Q

whats a mixture

A

a combination of substances in which each keeps its own properties

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42
Q

what does bondend mean

A

joined by a force that holds particles of matter, such as atoms, together

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43
Q

what is a chemical formula

A

shows the ratio of the atoms of each element present in a molecule or compound

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44
Q

In the solid state atoms of metals are held in…

A

a lattice

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45
Q

Non metals at room temp are usually…

A

gases

46
Q

What are monatomic gases

A

Made up of only one single atome

47
Q

What are diatomic gases

A

Gases made up of 2 of the same atom

48
Q

What are the properties of metal

A

Lustrous (shiny/ reflect light well)
Hard
High density (are heavy for their size)
High tensile strength (resist being stretched)
High melting and boiling points (Mercury is the only metal that is a liquid at room temperature)
Ductile (can be made into wire)
Good conductors of heat
Good conductors of electricity

49
Q

What are properties of non-metals?

A

Poor thermal conductors.
Poor electrical conductors.
Brittle solids - not malleable or ductile.
Dull, not metallic-shiny, although they may be colourful.

50
Q

What are metalloids

A

Elements that have some properties of metals or non-metals (used for electronics)

51
Q

On the periodic table metals are on the…

A

Left

52
Q

Non metals on the periodic table are on the…

A

right

53
Q

What are the horizontal rows called on the periodic table

A

periods

54
Q

Atom

A

Smallest particle of matter, indivisible.

55
Q

Subatomic Particle

A

Particles making up an atom: protons, neutrons, electrons.

56
Q

Proton

A

Positively charged particle in the nucleus.

57
Q

Neutron

A

Neutral particle found in the nucleus.

58
Q

Electron

A

Negatively charged particle orbiting the nucleus.

59
Q

Nucleus

A

Dense core of an atom containing protons and neutrons.

60
Q

Atomic Number

A

Number of protons in an atom’s nucleus.

61
Q

Element

A

Substance made of only one type of atom.

62
Q

Compound

A

Substance with atoms of different elements bonded.

63
Q

Mixture

A

Combination of substances not chemically bonded.

64
Q

Pure Substance

A

Material with consistently composition and properties.

65
Q

Chemical Symbol

A

Standard notation for elements, e.g., C for carbon.

66
Q

Mass

A

Measure of matter in an atom, from protons and neutrons.

67
Q

Charge

A

Electrical property of particles: positive, negative, neutral.

68
Q

Diatomic Gas

A

Gas made of two identical atoms, e.g., O2.

69
Q

Monatomic Gas

A

Gas consisting of single atoms, e.g., Ne.

70
Q

Metal

A

Element that conducts heat and electricity, shiny.

71
Q

Non-Metal

A

Element that is a poor conductor, often brittle.

72
Q

Metalloid

A

Element with properties of both metals and non-metals.

73
Q

Periodic Table

A

Arrangement of elements by increasing atomic number.

74
Q

Lattice Structure

A

Arrangement of atoms in metals, forming a grid.

75
Q

Ionic Compound

A

Compound formed from ionic bonds between atoms.

76
Q

Chemical Formula

A

Notation showing the ratio of elements in a compound.

77
Q

What is Hydrogen?

A

Smallest atom, colorless gas, essential for life.

78
Q

What is Oxygen?

A

Essential gas for respiration, forms O2 molecules.

79
Q

Brittle

A

Property of non-metals; breaks easily under stress.

80
Q

Ductile

A

Property of metals; can be drawn into wires.

81
Q

Tensile Strength

A

Resistance of a material to being pulled apart.

82
Q

Lustrous

A

Shiny appearance of metals due to light reflection.

83
Q

Metalloids

A

Elements resembling metals but lacking all metal properties.

84
Q

Mass Number

A

Total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

85
Q

Groups

A

Vertical columns in the periodic table, numbered 1-18.

86
Q

Periods

A

Horizontal rows in the periodic table, numbered 1-7.

87
Q

Noble Gases

A

Group 18 elements, known for being inert.

88
Q

Alkali Metals

A

Group 1 metals, highly reactive with water.

89
Q

Transition Metals

A

Groups 3-9, known for variable oxidation states.

90
Q

Molecules

A

Groups of two or more atoms bonded together.

91
Q

Molecular Compound

A

Compound made of different types of atoms.

92
Q

Crystal Lattice

A

Regular arrangement of atoms in a solid compound.

93
Q

Polymers

A

Long chains of repeating molecular units.

94
Q

Synthetic Polymers

A

Man-made polymers used in various applications.

95
Q

Chemical Change

A

Change resulting in new substances being formed.

96
Q

Physical Change

A

Change affecting form but not chemical composition.

97
Q

Oxidation

A

Chemical reaction involving oxygen, often causing browning.

98
Q

Rusting

A

Chemical reaction of iron with water and oxygen.

99
Q

Elemental Molecule

A

Molecule consisting of the same type of atoms.

100
Q

Enzymes

A

Catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.

101
Q

Sublimation

A

Solid to gas transition without becoming liquid.

102
Q

Deposition

A

Gas to solid transition without becoming liquid.

103
Q

Signs of Chemical Change

A

Indicators include color change, gas production, energy.

104
Q

Exothermic Reaction

A

Chemical reaction releasing energy as heat.

105
Q

Endothermic Reaction

A

Chemical reaction absorbing energy from surroundings.

106
Q

Reactants

A

Substances that undergo change in a reaction.

107
Q

Products

A

Substances formed as a result of a reaction.

108
Q

Word Equation

A

Describes reactants and products in a reaction.

109
Q

Factors affecting reaction rate

A

Particle size, Temperature, Concentration of substance, Presence of catalysts

110
Q

Collision Theory

A

For substances to react, their particles must come into contact with each other (collide)

111
Q
A

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