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Year 8 Science > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three sub-atomic particles

A

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

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2
Q

What is the charge of protons and electrons?


A

Protons have a positive charge, and electrons have a negative charge.

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3
Q

Where are electrons located in an atom?


A

Electrons are located outside the nucleus.

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4
Q

How are protons, neutrons, and electrons distributed in an atom?


A

Protons and neutrons exist in the nucleus, while electrons are spread out around the edge.

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5
Q

What is the mass of an electron compared to protons and neutrons?


A

The mass of an electron is almost 0, while protons and neutrons have significant mass.

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6
Q

What is the atomic number of an element?


A

The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

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7
Q

What defines an element?


A

An element is a pure substance made up of only one type of atom.

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8
Q

How many different elements are found naturally on Earth?


A

There are 92 different elements found naturally on Earth.

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9
Q

What are the two main categories of elements?


A

Elements can be categorized into metals and non-metals.

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10
Q

What are the properties of metals?

A

Lustrous (shiny)
Hard
High density
High tensile strength
High melting and boiling points
Ductile
Good conductors of heat and electricity

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11
Q

What are the properties of non-metals?

A

Poor thermal conductors
Poor electrical conductors
Brittle solids
Dull appearance

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12
Q

What are metalloids?


A

Metalloids are elements that show properties of both metals and non-metals.

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13
Q

What is the arrangement of elements in the periodic table based on?


A

The periodic table arranges elements based on the size of their atoms and properties of elements.

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14
Q

What are the horizontal rows and vertical columns in the periodic table called?


A

The horizontal rows are called periods, and the vertical columns are called groups.

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15
Q

What is the chemical symbol for oxygen?


A

O

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16
Q

How is the atomic number related to the position of an element in the periodic table?


A

The position of an element is determined by the number of protons in an atom, which is the atomic number.

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17
Q

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?


A

Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number.

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18
Q

How do you determine the number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom?


A

Both the number of protons and electrons are equal to the atomic number.

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19
Q

Is the proton on the outside or inside?

A

Inside

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20
Q

Is the electron on the outside or inside?

A

Outside

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21
Q

What is the ball in the middle of the atom called filled with protons and electrons

A

nuecelus

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22
Q

What is the mass made of?

A

made up from the protons and neutrons.

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23
Q

What is an element

A

substances that are made up of only one (1) type of atom.

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24
Q

what are atoms

A

very small particles that make up all things. Atoms have the same properties as the objects they make up.

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25
What are elements
pure substances made up of only one type of atom
26
what are electrons
very light, negatively charged particles inside an atom. Electrons move around the central nucleus of an atom.
27
what are protons
tiny, but heavy, positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom
28
what are protons
tiny, but heavy, positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom
29
what are neutrons
tiny, but heavy, particle found in the nucleus of an atom. Neutrons have no electrical charge.
30
what is an atomic number
number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. The atomic number determines which element an atom is.
31
what is the chemical symbol
standard way that scientists write the names of the elements, using either a capital letter or a capital followed by a lowercase letter. For example, carbon is C and copper is Cu.
32
Unlike atoms, elements are substances that can be observed and have measurable properties.
33
what are the 2 main categories elements can be broken into
Metals - Non-Metals
34
What are compounds
Compounds contain atoms of more than one type of element The atoms of one element are bonded tightly to the atoms of another element or elements.
35
What are pure substances
A pure substance has all the same atoms or molecules.
36
Pure substances cant be broken down
37
What are mixtures
Mixtures are able to be seperated and have molecules that are not chemically bonded together
38
Elements and compounds are pure substances. The particles within one pure substance, whether they are atoms or molecules, are all the same. Mixtures are made up of more than one pure substance
39
whats a compound
substance made up of two or more different types of atoms that have been joined (bonded) together
40
whats a molecoule
two or more atoms joined (bonded) together
41
whats a mixture
a combination of substances in which each keeps its own properties
42
what does bondend mean
joined by a force that holds particles of matter, such as atoms, together
43
what is a chemical formula
shows the ratio of the atoms of each element present in a molecule or compound
44
In the solid state atoms of metals are held in...
a lattice
45
Non metals at room temp are usually...
gases
46
What are monatomic gases
Made up of only one single atome
47
What are diatomic gases
Gases made up of 2 of the same atom
48
What are the properties of metal
Lustrous (shiny/ reflect light well) Hard High density (are heavy for their size) High tensile strength (resist being stretched) High melting and boiling points (Mercury is the only metal that is a liquid at room temperature) Ductile (can be made into wire) Good conductors of heat Good conductors of electricity
49
What are properties of non-metals?
Poor thermal conductors. Poor electrical conductors. Brittle solids - not malleable or ductile. Dull, not metallic-shiny, although they may be colourful.
50
What are metalloids
Elements that have some properties of metals or non-metals (used for electronics)
51
On the periodic table metals are on the...
Left
52
Non metals on the periodic table are on the...
right
53
What are the horizontal rows called on the periodic table
periods
54
Atom
Smallest particle of matter, indivisible.
55
Subatomic Particle
Particles making up an atom: protons, neutrons, electrons.
56
Proton
Positively charged particle in the nucleus.
57
Neutron
Neutral particle found in the nucleus.
58
Electron
Negatively charged particle orbiting the nucleus.
59
Nucleus
Dense core of an atom containing protons and neutrons.
60
Atomic Number
Number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
61
Element
Substance made of only one type of atom.
62
Compound
Substance with atoms of different elements bonded.
63
Mixture
Combination of substances not chemically bonded.
64
Pure Substance
Material with consistently composition and properties.
65
Chemical Symbol
Standard notation for elements, e.g., C for carbon.
66
Mass
Measure of matter in an atom, from protons and neutrons.
67
Charge
Electrical property of particles: positive, negative, neutral.
68
Diatomic Gas
Gas made of two identical atoms, e.g., O2.
69
Monatomic Gas
Gas consisting of single atoms, e.g., Ne.
70
Metal
Element that conducts heat and electricity, shiny.
71
Non-Metal
Element that is a poor conductor, often brittle.
72
Metalloid
Element with properties of both metals and non-metals.
73
Periodic Table
Arrangement of elements by increasing atomic number.
74
Lattice Structure
Arrangement of atoms in metals, forming a grid.
75
Ionic Compound
Compound formed from ionic bonds between atoms.
76
Chemical Formula
Notation showing the ratio of elements in a compound.
77
What is Hydrogen?
Smallest atom, colorless gas, essential for life.
78
What is Oxygen?
Essential gas for respiration, forms O2 molecules.
79
Brittle
Property of non-metals; breaks easily under stress.
80
Ductile
Property of metals; can be drawn into wires.
81
Tensile Strength
Resistance of a material to being pulled apart.
82
Lustrous
Shiny appearance of metals due to light reflection.
83
Metalloids
Elements resembling metals but lacking all metal properties.
84
Mass Number
Total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
85
Groups
Vertical columns in the periodic table, numbered 1-18.
86
Periods
Horizontal rows in the periodic table, numbered 1-7.
87
Noble Gases
Group 18 elements, known for being inert.
88
Alkali Metals
Group 1 metals, highly reactive with water.
89
Transition Metals
Groups 3-9, known for variable oxidation states.
90
Molecules
Groups of two or more atoms bonded together.
91
Molecular Compound
Compound made of different types of atoms.
92
Crystal Lattice
Regular arrangement of atoms in a solid compound.
93
Polymers
Long chains of repeating molecular units.
94
Synthetic Polymers
Man-made polymers used in various applications.
95
Chemical Change
Change resulting in new substances being formed.
96
Physical Change
Change affecting form but not chemical composition.
97
Oxidation
Chemical reaction involving oxygen, often causing browning.
98
Rusting
Chemical reaction of iron with water and oxygen.
99
Elemental Molecule
Molecule consisting of the same type of atoms.
100
Enzymes
Catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.
101
Sublimation
Solid to gas transition without becoming liquid.
102
Deposition
Gas to solid transition without becoming liquid.
103
Signs of Chemical Change
Indicators include color change, gas production, energy.
104
Exothermic Reaction
Chemical reaction releasing energy as heat.
105
Endothermic Reaction
Chemical reaction absorbing energy from surroundings.
106
Reactants
Substances that undergo change in a reaction.
107
Products
Substances formed as a result of a reaction.
108
Word Equation
Describes reactants and products in a reaction.
109
Factors affecting reaction rate
Particle size, Temperature, Concentration of substance, Presence of catalysts
110
Collision Theory
For substances to react, their particles must come into contact with each other (collide)
111

Year 8 Science (3 decks)

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