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Biology Nat5 ( Anjali ) > Unti Of Life > Flashcards

Unti Of Life Flashcards

1
Q

Name the two raw materials needed by plants in order to make food.

A

Water and carbon dioxide

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2
Q

Name the conditions needed for the process of photosynthesis take place e

A

Chlorophyll and light

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3
Q

Name the products made by the results of photosynthesis

A

Glucose and oxygen

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4
Q

What is the source of energy which powers the light reaction

A

Light energy

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5
Q

How is the energy captured

A

Absorbers by chlorophyll

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6
Q

What happens to the oxgen formed during stage 1

A

Realises into the atmosphere

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7
Q

Which two products of light reaction la are required for stage two

A

Hydrogen and atp

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8
Q

What does the letters stand for

Where does the carbon dioxide for stage two come from if the plant lives (a) on land and (b) in water

A

A - air
B- animals in the water

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9
Q

Where does the hydrogen come from to allow stage two to occur

A

From stage 1 ATP

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10
Q

Where does the energy come from to allow stage 2 to occur

A

From stage 1 ATP

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11
Q

What controls this carbon fixation of reaction

A

Enzyme

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12
Q

What are the stages of photosynthesis

A

Light reaction and carbon fixation

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13
Q

Describe the first stage of photosynthesis

A

Light reaction: the light energy from the sun is trapped by the chlorophyll in the chloroplast and is converted into chemical energy which is used to generate ATP. Water splits to produce hydrogen & oxygen. Oxygen diffuses from the cell

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14
Q

Describe the second stage of photosynthesis

A

Carbon fixation: a series of enzyme-controlled reactions which use hydrogen and ATP (Produced by the light reaction) with carbon dioxide to produce sugar

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15
Q

Complete the diagram (1) of photosynthesis on notes

A

👍

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16
Q

Complete the diagram (2) of photosynthesis on notes

A

👍

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17
Q

Look at the diagram in notes from increase of temperature. Explain what happens at point X

A

Rate of photosynthesis increases as temperature increases

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18
Q

Look at the disgrace effect the increasing temperature. Explain what’s happening at point Y

A

This is the optimum temperature of this type of plant. Rate of photosynthesis is fastest here

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19
Q

Look at the disgrace effect the increasing temperature. Explain what’s happening at point Z

A

Enzymes which controls photosynthesis are denatured

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20
Q

What can photosynthesis be limited by

A

Carbon dioxide
light intensity
temperature

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21
Q

Describe the 3 fates of glucose after its produces in photosynthesis

A

Starch - storage
For respiration
Cellulose ( structural )

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22
Q

What’s the definition of a limiting factor

A

A limiting factor is a factor while in short supply can slow or restrict the rate of photosynthesis

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23
Q

What is the definition of biodiversity

A

Total variety of amongst all living things on earth

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24
Q

What is the definition of a abiotic factor

A

Non living factors that can effect the distribution of organisms

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25
What is the definition of a biotic factors
Living factors that can effect the distribution of organisms
26
Why is the definition of a community
A community - all of the animals and plants that are living in one area
27
What is the definition of a ecosystem
An ecosystem consists of all organisms living in a particular area and the non living components with which they interact
28
What is the definition of food chain
A sequence that shows the feeding relationships and the transfer of energy between organisms
29
What is the definition of food web
Food chains that are linked to show the complex feeling relation in a habitat
30
What is the definition of habitat
A habitat is the place where an organisms lives
31
What is the definition of omnivore
organisms that feeds on both animals and plants
32
What is the definition of a population
A population is a group of organimss of one species living in an area
33
What is the definition of a producer
Organism that produces their own food
34
What is the definition of a species
A species is a group of genetically similar organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
35
What is the definition of a niche
A niche is the role that an organism plays within a community
36
Example of a producer if Grass—->grasshopper——> mouse —-> owl
Grass
37
Example of a consumer if Grass—->grasshopper——> mouse —-> owl
Grasshopper Mouse Owl
38
What does a food chain represent
Represents a feeding relationship within the community
39
What’s the definitions of interspecific competition
Interspecfic competition= when individuals of different species require similar resources so competition occurs
40
What’s the definitions of intraspecific competition
Intraspecfic competition = while individual la of the same species require the same resources so competition occurs
41
What are abiotic factors
Moisture Light intensity Ph Temperature
42
What are biotic factors
Competition for resources (e.g food and space ) Diseases Predation Grazing
43
What is a. Source of error for a light meter
A shadow may be cast on the light meter
44
How do you minimise error when measuring light intensity
Ensure that nobody is covering the light meter
45
What is a source of error of soul moisture
Moisture left on probe from previous reading
46
How do you minimise error when measuring soil moisture
Wipe the probe between such reading
47
How do you minimise error when measuring pH
Clean probe between each reading
48
What is a source of error for pH
Contamination from previous samples
49
What is a quadrant used to sample
Plants and slow moving animals
50
What should a quadrat be thrown randomly
To ensure the results are more reliable
51
Describe a possible source of error using quadrates and describe how it can be minimised
Ten quadrates may be too small a number of samples. To fix this we use a much larger number of quadrats. These could be studied repeating an experiment makes it more reliable
52
What is a pitfall trap used to sample
Invertebrates ( e.g wood lice )
53
Why should pitfall traps be levelled to the ground
It allows the ground animals to fall in
54
Describe a possible source of error using pitfall traps and describe how it can be minimised
Birdss may eat the trapped animals we can stop this by making sure the pitfalls trap is camouflaged
55
Describe a possible source of error using pitfall traps and describe how it can be minimised
Birdss may eat the trapped animals we can stop this by making sure the pitfalls trap is camouflaged
56
What is a indicator species
Organisms that indicate levels of pollution or environmental quality by their presence absence or abundance in the environent
57
What examples are there of indicator species
Daphina Lincheaa
58
How is energy lost while moving in the food chain
Heat movement and undigested material
59
What is energy used for
Growth
60
The definition of pyramid of numbers
Gives information about the total numbers of organisms in each level of the food chain
61
What type of organisms do we find First at the beginning of a food chain
Producers
62
What is gained by the predator that eats the prey
Energy
63
What do the arrows in a good chain represent
The energy flow
64
The definition of pyramids of energy
Gives information about the energy content of all the organisms in each level of the food chain
65
What’s the definition of Algal bloom
Lots of algae which covers surface water ( block the light)
66
What’s the definition of bioaccumulation
When toxic levels build up within a food chains
67
What’s the definition of biological control
Uses natural predators to get rid of pests on crops
68
What’s the definition of fertilisers
Chemical fertilisers are added to the soil to increase the number of plants which can be grown. Provides plants with nitrates
69
What’s the definition of nitrates
Nitrates are used to produce amino acid while are synthesised into plant proteins
70
What’s the definition of genetically modified
Changes dna of organisms
71
What’s the definition of pesticides
Pesticides are chemical used to control organisms that can damage crops. Farmers spray crops with this to increase crop Felid
72
What’s the definition of food production
Increasing human population requires an increase food yield this can involve using: Fertiliser Pesticides
73
What’s the definition of crop yield
Increase plants
74
Describe the 5 steps involved in the development of an algae bloom
1. Fertilisers run into fresh water and add extra nitrates 2. Numbers of algae increase CNA cause a bloom which reduces the light that can pass into water 3. Aquatic plants die due to a lack of light 4. Dead plants become a food source for bacteria so they will increase in number 5. Bacteria uses an amount of oxygen meaning there is less for other organisms which will then die
75
The chemical added to the soul by the gardener contained nitrates give the general name for this type of chemical
Fertiliser
76
If 50,000 hectored of land available in Scotland to grow crops, what area of land was used for barley (55%) production
27,500
77
State one problem associated with spraying pesticides onto crop plants
Bioaccumulation will occur causing predators to be endangered. Resulting to possible extinction
78
What happens when certain pesticides pass along a food chain
The toxicity increases and can reach to lethal levels
79
Fill in the blanks Many pesticides are _____ chemicals that ____ break in the environment
Toxic Don’t
80
What does biological control usually involve
The use of a predator
81
What animals are used for biological control
Use of lady birds to eat aploids
82
Describe the negative impact fertilisers can have on our environment
Leaching/runoff algae bloom starts to form which blocks sunlight and causes oxygen levels to decrease so fish suffocate the balance in species in the community become unbalanced
83
What’s of the following happens to the algae population, Bacterial population and oxygen concentration. When as a result of fertiliser going an leaching into a fresh water
Algae population = increases Oxygen concentration = decreases Bacterial population =increase
84
What does a food chain represent
A sequence that shows feeing relationships within a community
85
What does the arrows represent in a food chain mean
The transfer of energy
86
Definition the term mutation and state the three types of mutation
A mutation is a random change to genetic material. Mutations may be neutral. Advantageous or disadvantageous
87
Describe what impact certain environmental factors may have on mutations and give an example
Environmental factors ( e.g radiation) may increase the rate of mutation
88
Des five how mutations may lead to organisms becoming better adapted to their environment
If a mutations produces a new allele that increases the change of an organisms survival
89
When does natural selection occur
When there are selection pressures
90
Fill in the gaps about natural selection. The best adapted individuals in a population _____ to ______, passing on the favourable alleles that confer the selective advantage
Survive Reproduce
91
What is a formation of a new species
Speciation
92
When does speciation occur
It occurs when a population becomes isolated from other populations of the same species and mutation occurs
93
Isolation barriers can be:
Geographical - rivers, mountains Ecological - pH, temperature, humidity Behavioural - breeding cycles out of rhythm
94
What are the stages of speciation
1. Isolation: Populations becomes isolated by an isolation barrier 2. Mutation: Different mutations occur in each sub-population 3. Natural selection: Natural selection selects for different mutations in each group, due to different selection pressures 4. New species: Each sub-population evolves until they become so genetically different from each other they are two different species
95
Look on the diagram on notes evaluation of species
96
How do we find out a percentage increase
Percentage increase = difference/orignial x 100
97
How do we find out percentage decrease
Difference/no. Before difference x 100

Biology Nat5 ( Anjali ) (3 decks)

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