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Biology Nat5 ( Anjali ) > Cell Biology > Flashcards

Cell Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s the function of the nucleus

A

Controls cell activities

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2
Q

What’s the definition of the cell membrane

A

Control which substances can enter and exit the cell

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3
Q

What’s the function of the mitochondria

A

Where aerobic respiration takes place. Where energy is made

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4
Q

What’s the definition of the ribosomes

A

Site of protein synthesis

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5
Q

What do both animal and plant cells contain

A

Nucleus
cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Mitochondria

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6
Q

What do plant cells have that animal cells do not have

A

Cell wall
Chloroplast
Permanent vacuole

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7
Q

What’s the function of the cell wall ( cellulose)

A

Gives structure and support to the plant cell

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8
Q

What is the mixture that the vacuole contains

A

Sugars salts and water

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9
Q

What’s the function/definition of the vacuole

A

Contains cell sap

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10
Q

What’s the function of the chloroplast

A

Site of photosynthesis

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11
Q

What does unicellular mean

A

organism with one cell

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12
Q

Is bacteria multicellular or unicellular

A

Unicellular

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13
Q

Is plant cell multicellular or unicellular

A

Multicellular

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14
Q

Is animal cell multicellular or unicellular

A

Multicellular

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15
Q

What is cell wall made out of in the plant cell is it the same in material and fungal

A

No it’s made out of cellulose

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16
Q

What is contained in the bacterial cell

A

Cell wall
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Circular strand of dna
Plasmid
Flagella

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17
Q

What’s the function of the circular strand of dna in a bacterial cell

A

Genes they need to survive + reproduce

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18
Q

Tell me about plasmids

A

Their antibiotic resistance
Extra genes

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19
Q

What’s the function of the flagella

A

Propel the bacteria

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20
Q

What’s examples of plant cells

A

Oak leaves
Maple leaves
Asparagus
Basil
Onion
Cucumber

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21
Q

What’s examples of animal cells

A

Red Blood cells
Skin cells
Brain cells
Stem cells
Muscle cells

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22
Q

What does the nucleus contain

A

Genetic material / DNA

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23
Q

Definition of a cellulose

A

Carbohydrate found in plant cell wall

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24
Q

Definition of plasmid

A

Small Circle of DNA ( bacterial only )

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25
Q

Name one structure found only in green plant cells

A

Chloroplast

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26
Q

Dose root cells which is a plant cell have chloroplast

A

No because it’s found underground and is not green

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27
Q

Fill in blanks in notes cell biology one

A

🩷

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28
Q

Fill in blanks in notes cell biology two

A

🩷

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29
Q

Fill in blanks in notes cell biology 3

A

🩷

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30
Q

Fill in blanks in notes cell biology 4

A

🩷

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31
Q

Name the type of cells that have a cell wall

A

Bacterial
fungal
plant cell.

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32
Q

Where is DNA found within a bacterial cell

A

Plasmid

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33
Q

What cell types contain a cell wall made up of cellulose

A

Plant cell

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34
Q

Give a names example of a unicellular and multicellular organism

A

Unicellular- bacteria, yeast, fungal
Multi-cellular- human, dog, oak tree

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35
Q

What does total magnification =

A

Eyepiece lens magnification x objective lens magnification

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36
Q

What does 1 millimetres (mm) = in micrometers (um)

A

1000

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37
Q

What is 1um in millimetres

A

0.001

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38
Q

How do you convert from micrometers (um) into millimetre( mm)

A

Divide by 1000

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39
Q

How do you convert from millimetres (mm) into micrometer ( um)

A

Divide by 1000

40
Q

What’s the step of calculating cell size

A
  1. Measure the diameter of the field of view
  2. Count how many cells are along the diameter of the field of view
  3. Divide the diameter of the field of view by the number of cells
41
Q

Given that a red blood cell in 7um in diameter, list the three different cell types in decreasing order of size

Rhubarb - 0.04mm
Cheek cell - 0.1

A

Rhubarb cell
Cheek cell
Red blood cell

42
Q

What’s the definition of diffusion

A

The spread of particles from high area concentration to Low area concentration

43
Q

What’s the definition of osmosis

A

The movement of the water molecules from a region of high concentration through as a selectively permeable membrane

44
Q

Go to notes and fill in blanks of the structure of the cell membrane

A

🩷

45
Q

Fill in blanks

Diffusion is a _____ process which means that no energy is needed

A

Passive

46
Q

Fill in blanks

O_____ and g_____ enter a cell by diffusion
C_____ d_____ leaves by cell by diffusion

A

Oxygen
Glucose
Carbon dioxide

47
Q

Can large molecules still pass through the cell membrane

A

No some molecules are to large

48
Q

What is the cell membrane describes as

A

Being selective permeable

49
Q

What’s so the difference of HC and LC called

A

Concentration gradient

50
Q

Fill in osmosis is in red blood cell in notes

A

❤️

51
Q

Fill in blanks in osmosis is in plant cell

A

🩷

52
Q

Examples of active transport

A

ATP
proteins
Protein pumps/ ions

53
Q

Definition of active transport

A

Active transport requires energy for membrane proteins to move molecules and ion against the concentration gradient

54
Q

Definition of passive transport

A

Passive transport occurs down a concentration gradient and goes not require energy

55
Q

Examples of passive transport

A

Diffusion and osmosis

56
Q

explain why diffusion is important to living things

A

Diffusion is important to living things because it is the way that molecules are moved form cell to cell

57
Q

WhTz the definition of DNA ( found in nucleus )

A

DNA carries the genetic information for making proteins ( sometimes preferred to genetic code )

58
Q

Structure of DNA;

A

Double-stranded helix held together by complementary base pairs

59
Q

Definition of amino acid

A

Building blocks for a protein

60
Q

What’s the definition of gene

A

Small section of dna which codes for proteins ( function = code for protein )

61
Q

Label the dna nucleotide in notes

A

💅

62
Q

What is the thing we remeber for complementary bases

A

All trains go CHOO CHOO

63
Q

Fill in blanks

A___ in one strand can only pair with t_________ in the other strand

G_______ can only pair with C______

A

Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine

64
Q

How many chromosomes are there in a human cell

A

46

65
Q

What is the name given to a persons 23 chromosomes

A

Human karoytypes

66
Q

What is the double handed DNA molecule that is then twisted to form shape described as

A

Double helix

67
Q

Fill in gaps

Complementary ____ Paris are help together by ____ bonds

A

Bases
helix

68
Q

A DNA molecule consisted of 1200 subunits of which 500 are guanine bases. How many of the subunits in this DNA molecule will by Thymine

A

100

69
Q

If a DNA molecule contains 4000 base molecules and 1200 of there are adenine then the percentage number of guanine bases present in the molecule is?

A

20%

70
Q

What are proteins made up of

A

Amino acids

71
Q

If a sequence of DNA was as follows what would its complementary base pairs be

ATGTGACTCCATAG

A

TACACTGAGGATC

72
Q

What’s the steps of protein photosynthesiation

A

mRNA—————ribosomes—- AA—-protein
…nucleus from dna

73
Q

The sequences of amino acids arise from what?

A

The variety of protein shapes and functions

74
Q

What are proteins many functions

A

Structural, enzymes, hormones, antibodies and receptors

75
Q

What are enzymes function

A

As a biology catalyst made up of all living cells. They speed up cellular reactions and are unchanged in the process

76
Q

Finish the sentence

The shape of an active site ….

A

Is complementary to its specific substrate(s)

77
Q

What does enzyme action results in

A

Product(s)

78
Q

What reactions can enzymes be involved in

A

Synthesis and degradation

79
Q

Fill the word

Each enzyme is most active in its ______ condition

A

Optimum

80
Q

What factors can enzyme and other proteins be affected by

A

Temperature and pH

81
Q

When enzymes are denatured what does this result to

A

In a change in their shape which will affect the rate of reaction

82
Q

Finish the sentence

Genetic information Can be

A

Transferred from one cell to another by genetic engineering

83
Q

What’s the stages of genetic engineering

A

Identify section of DNA that contains required gene from source chromosome; extract required gene; extract plasmid from the bacterial cell; insert required gene into bacterial plasmid; insert plasmid into host bacterial cell to produce a genetically modified (GM) organism

84
Q

Genetic engineering used what in the process

A

Enzymes

85
Q

Full in gaps

The chemical ______ stored in ____ must be released by all ____ through a series of ______ reaction called respiration

A

Energy
Glucose
Cells
Enzyme- controlled reaction

86
Q

The energy released from the break down of glucose is used to generate what?

A

ATP

87
Q

What can the energy transferred by ATP used for

A

Cellular activities such as muscle cells contraction, cell division, protein synthesis and transmission of nerve impulses

88
Q

What is glucose broke down to

A

Two molecules of pyruvate

89
Q

When glucose is broken down to two molecules of pyruvate JSUT exactly how much energy is released

A

Realising enough energy to yield two molecules of ATP

90
Q

What does glucose depend on if further breaking down

A

Depends upon the presence/abscene of oxygen

91
Q

If oxygen is present in the break down of glucose what happens

A

Aerobic respiration takes place and each pyruvate is broken down to carbon dioxide and water releasing enough energy to yield a large number of ATP molecules

92
Q

When glucose is broken down what happens if oxygen is absence

A

The fermentation path way takes place. In animal cells the pyruvate molecules are converted to lactate and in plant and yeast cells they are converted to carbon dioxide and ethanol.

93
Q

Where does respiration begain

A

In the cytoplasm

94
Q

Finish the sentence
Mute process of fermentation is completed in the ————— where aerobic respiration is completed in the _________

A

Cytoplasm
Mitochondria

95
Q

How much molecules of atp is yields via the breakdown of each glucose from the fermentation path way

A

The breakdown of each glucose molecule via the fermentation pathway yields only the intial two molecules of ATP

96
Q

How much does presence of oxygen realising energy yield when it comes to ATP molecules

A

Realising enough needy to yield a large number of ATP molecules

Biology Nat5 ( Anjali ) (2 decks)

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