Unti 4-5 Genetics Flashcards
_____________ contain two X chromosomes
___________ contain a X and Y chromosomes
Females
Males
A ______________ trait hides a ____________ trait
Dominant
Recessive
A __________ condition has the same alleles
Homozygous
T or F
Less males than females have red green color blindness.
False
Tallness is the ________ for TT
Phenotype
In order to be affected by color blindness, a female must inherit ____ alleles for the disease.
2
_____________ material passes from parent to offspring during reproduction.
Heredity
Physical characteristics of an organism are called _______
Traits
___________ is the study of how traits are passed from parent to parent
Genetics
Each gene of a gene pair is called an _______
Allele
What is the difference between a dominant trait and a recessive trait?
Dominant trait hides a recessive one
Dominant trait has one or two copies of the allele to show up
And recessive needs two alleles for it to show up.
Where are genes located?
Chromosomes
What is the relationship between genes and chromosomes?
Genes are segments of DNA located in the chromosomes of each cell
A _________ _________ is used to illustrate how allele of parents might be passed on to their offspring.
Punned square
A __________ is a diagram of family relationships that includes several generations.
Pedigree
Why are more males color blind than females?
Males only need one allele from the mother to be color blind, while females need an allele from both the mother and father
Blood type is an example of a trait inherited through _________ ______
Multiple alleles
Hemophilia is an example of a _______ _________ disorder.
Sex-linked
Height, hair color, eye color, and skin color result from _________________________.
Polygenic inheritance ( or multiple alleles )
A red flowering plant is crossed with a white flowering plant to produce pink flowering plants. This is an example of _________
Incomplete dominance.
_________ _____________ results when the phenotype of the heterozygous is an intermediate between the phenotype of the homozygous plant.
Incomplete dominance
An organism that had t who of the same allele for a trait is considered to be ________ or _______
Homozygous or purebread
The study of how a gene affects he traits of an offspring is called ____________.
Genetics
The only way a ___________ trait can show up in a phenotype is if the allele in the genotype are the same.
Recessive.
_________ ________ occurs when groups of gene pairs act together to produce a single trait.
Polygenic inheritance
___________ ________ occurs when more than two allele exist for a trait.
Multiple allele
Pedigree
What does the square, circle mean.
What’s the difference between the shaded and non shaded and half shaded
Person is male Person is female Has the trait/ disorder They don't have it They are carriers
Involves the child’s brain and nervous system deteriorating and has no known treatment
Yay Sachs
Causes red blood cells to be present shaped which can cause the red blood cells to stick to blood vessels
Sickle cell
Causes an inability in the body to break down phenylalanine and has a treatment in which involves a little portion diet
(PKU)
Phenylketonuria
Hey symptoms that include week connective tissue’s in the heart and Skelton enlarged aorta, curved Spine and dislocated eye lenses.
Marian syndrome
Usually has its own set during middle age and has symptoms including mood swings irritability memory loss and uncontrolled movements
Huntington disease.
Causes blood not to clot
Hemophilia
Has symptoms including mental retardation flattened face and nose protruding tongue and slanted eyes
Down syndrome
Is a recessive disorder that causes lung problems
Cystic fibrosis
A different version of a gene
Alleles
Both alleles in a heterozygous individual contribute to the phenotype
Codominance
The allele contribute to the phenotype if one or two of the copies are present in the genotype. Cover or mask the appearance of the other allele for that trait
Dominant
Segments of DNA found in chromosomes that give instructions for producing a certain characteristic
Genetics
The combination of alleles that you inherit from your parents
Genotype
The passing of genetic material from parent to offspring
Heredity
To have different alleles
Hybrid
Heterozygous
Same alleles
Pure
Homozygous
Each allele in a heterozygous individual influences the phenotype
Incomplete dominance
More than two alleles exist for a trait
Multiple alleles
Traces the occurrence of a trait through generations of a family
Pedegree
Your observable traits
Phenotype
Groups of gene pairs act together to produce a single trait
Polly genic inheritance
Graphic used to predict the possible genotypes of offspring in a given cross
Punnets square
Homozygous to dominant or to recessive
Purebred
Alleles contribute to the phenotype if both copies of it are present our scene only one both alleles are ___________.
Recessive
A special class of inherited disorders that are associated with an allele on a sex chromosome
Sex linked gene
