DNA STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Flashcards
The genetic material in cells is contained in a molecule called. __________________ ________ or _____
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
Scientists describe DNA as containing a _________ which is a set of rules and symbols used to carry information.
Codes
Many scientists from all over the world contributed to our understanding of DNA. Some discovered the ____________ that make it up, and others learned how these fit together.
Chemicals
The structure of DNA is called a _________ _________
Double helix
The two sides of DN are made up of _______ and __________ _______
Sugar and phosphate groups
The rungs of the DNA are made of ________ of ______
Pairs of bases
The building block of DNA is called a ___________ , which is a bade, a sugar, and phosphate group.
Nucleotide
There are ________ different nucleotides in DNA?
Four
The bases in nucleotides are paired, or _______________
Complementary
Adenine always pairs with ___________ and cytosine pairs with __________
Thymine
Guanine
The order of the nucleotides in DNA is a code that carries information.
_________ are segments of DNA that relate to a certain trait.
Genes
The code in the nucleotide order has information about which ____________ the cells should build. The types of __________ that your body makes help determine your traits.
Proteins
Proteins
The cell makes copies of DNA molecules through a process known as _____________
Replication
During replication, the DNA _____________
The bases in each side are used as a pattern for a new strand. As replication proceeds, complementary _____________ are added.
Separates
Nucleotides
When replication is complete, there are _______ _____ DNA molecules
Two identical
