Unti 14 Stress/Adaptation/Relaxation Flashcards
What response can consistent stress provoke?
“Flight or Fight” emergency response which is inappropriate to today’s psychosocial stresses that persist over long periods of time
What influences stress?
- Genetic influences
- Past experiences
- Existing conditions
What is biological responses to stress?
- Fight or Flight
- Hans Selye: “nonspecific response by the body to any stressor placed on it”
What is the SRRS (Social Readjustment Rating Scale)?
List of possible events that calculates stress
What is Primary appraisal? Secondary?
Primary: Personally, based on my thoughts “I look at this stress/stressor, and I make decision, is this good, bad, or indifferent?”
If action/change is needed you move to….
Secondary: “what are my coping skills?”
What can prolonged exposure to stress lead to?
Exhaustion when energy is depleted and immune system compromised resulting in disease
What are the two major response patterns to stress?
Anxiety and Grief
How is adaptation determined?
Adaptation is determined by the degree to which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors interfere with an individual’s functioning
Definite anxiety.
Associated with feelings of uncertainty and helplessness
Describe the different anxiety levels.
Mild Level: eating, drinking, sleeping, exercise, smoking, crying, talking. (Keeps you functioning well, perform better)
Mild-Moderate: Ego Defense Mechanisms are called on for protection
Moderate-Severe: psychological changes that may exacerbate symptoms, delay recovery, or interfere with treatment of medical conditions such as Cardiovascular, Neurological.
Severe: Neurosis and psychiatric disturbances characterized by excessive anxiety or depression, disruption of bodily functions, behaviors that disrupt routine functions, and poor interpersonal relationships
Panic: may result in psychotic behavior. Psychosis are serious psychiatric disturbances characterized by delusions and/or hallucinations. Schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and delusional disorders.
What are common characteristics of people with Neurosis?
- Aware that they are experiencing distress
- Aware that their behaviors are maladaptive
- They feel helpless to change their situation
- They experience no loss of contact with reality
(Ex: Anxiety disorders)
What are common characteristics of people with psychoses?
- They exhibit minimal distress, emotional tone being flat or bland.
- Unaware that their behavior is maladaptive
- Unaware of any psychological problems
- They exhibit a flight from reality into a less stressful world or into one in which they are attempting to adapt
(Ex: schizophrenia)
Define the following ego defensive mechanisms. Which is the only conscious one? sublimation, suppression, reaction formation, introjection, isolation, intellectualization, repression.
Suppression- is the only conscious one
Sublimation- bad reaction that then turns good
Reaction formation- bad reaction resulting in another bad reaction
Introjection- you think someone is putting thoughts in your head
Isolation- separating certain stressors from other parts of your life
Intellectualization- instead of feeling, you’re thinking
Repression- unconscious pushing away of thoughts
What is Grief?
Subjective state of emotional. physical, and social responses to the loss of a valued entity, anticipated loss, etc.
What is the response to grief characterized by emotions and behaviors called?
Mourning
What is the normal mourning process? What is considered maladaptive?
Feelings of sadness, guilt, anger, helplessness, and despair.
An absence of mourning after a loss may be considered maladaptive
What are Kubler-Ross’s 5 stages of the response to loss, either real or perceived?
Stage 1: Denial Stage 2: Anger Stage 3: Bargaining Stage 4: Depression Stage 5: Acceptance
Explain the following grief responses:
Anticipatory
Maladaptive
Exaggerated
Anticipatory- process of grieving before the loss occurs
Maladaptive can be either,
Delayed or inhibited- person does not deal with the reality of loss
Prolonged- no resumption of ADL’s within 4-8 weeks
Exaggerated: Fixed at anger stage, depressive mood disorder is a type of exaggerated grief response
What are stress management coping strategies?
- EXERCISE
- Music
- Pets
- Meditation
- Relaxation
- Awareness (able to pinpoint issues)
- Good Nutrition
Describe physiological manifestations of stress.
Increased HR, respirations, BP, Glucose, and metabolism
Describe behavioral manifestations of stress.
Restlessness, irritability, insomnia, and anorexia
Describe cognitive manifestations of stress.
Confusion, difficulty with concentrating, problem solving, and learning
What are methods of achieving relaxation?
Deep breathing exercises:
Progressive relaxation: tense muscles for 5-7 secs then relaxed for 20-30.
Modified (passive) progressive relaxation: thinking about relaxing your muscles
Meditation: to gain mastery over attention
Mental Imagery
Biofeedback: use of instrument to become aware of the processes of the body that usually go unnoticed
Physical exercise
What is the role of the nurse regarding stress?
To provide opportunities for the PT to have reduced stress.
