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Psychology > Units 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Units 1 and 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the mind body discussion.

A

the mind body discussion talks about the relationship between the mind and the brain.

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2
Q

what is brain ablation

A

brain ablation was a method of figuring out what part of the brain control what by removing or damaging it.

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3
Q

what is Phrenology

A

Phrenology is a way of reading what a persons personality is by feeling their skull and seeing what parts of the brain were bigger

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4
Q

what imaging techniques are used to investigate the structure of the brain

A

MRI and CT use magnetic fields and radio waves the map the brain

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5
Q

what imaging techniques are used to investigate the function of the brain

A

MRI and PET scans use haemoglobin and oxygen to form pictures.

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6
Q

what is invasive brain research

A

invasive brain research involves opening up the brain and looking inside

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7
Q

what is non-invasive brain research

A

non-invasive brain research is scanning the brain from the outside.

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8
Q

what is the central nervous system

A

the central nervous system is the brain and spine.

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9
Q

what are the three principal functions of the nervous system

A

sensory input, integration and motor output

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10
Q

what is sensory input

A

when the nerve detects a change in environment and send it to the brain

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11
Q

what is integration

A

Integration is the thought process where the body decides what to do

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12
Q

what is motor output

A

The response that occurs when your nervous system activates parts of your body

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13
Q

what are the two parts of the nervous system

A

The central and peripheral

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14
Q

what makes up the central nervous system

A

The spinal cord and brain

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15
Q

what makes up the peripheral nervous system

A

all the nervous that branch off from the brain and spinal cord

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16
Q

what are the two jobs of the peripheral nervous system

A

Sensory detects what is going on in its surroundings and motor moves the body

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17
Q

just watch

A

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPix_X-9t7E&ab_channel=CrashCourse
and
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZG8M_ldA1M&ab_channel=CrashCourse
and
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VitFvNvRIIY&ab_channel=CrashCourse

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18
Q

what is psychology

A

the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behaviour in a given context.

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19
Q

who was sperry

A

Sperry was a psychologist that looked into split brain experiments on cats monkeys and humans to find the functional differences between the two hemispheres.

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20
Q

what are the differences between the left and right hemispheres

A

language skills are primarily located in the right hemisphere while spatial reasoning and mechanical skills are associated with the left.

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21
Q

what are the different brain areas

A

there is the hindbrain midbrain and fore brain.

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22
Q

what is the main function of the hindbrain

A

it is the primitive brain it takes care of breathing, heart beat, balance and sleep.

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23
Q

what is the main function of the midbrain

A

The midbrain is called the feeling brain it is what makes you feel happy, angry or sad it also makes connections with, images, sounds and situations with emotion. It also connects the hindbrain to the forebrain

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24
Q

what is the main function of the forebrain

A

The forebrain controls higher order thinking like, problem solving, memory, planning and language.

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25
Q

what are the for lobes and where are they located

A

frontal, parietal,occipital and temporal. they are all located in the fore brain and going in a clockwise circle in the order listed.

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26
Q

frontal lobe

A

the frontal lobe handles high order thinking like motor function, problem solving, spontaneity, language and many more.

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27
Q

parietal lobe

A

The parietal lobes contain the primary sensory cortex which controls sensation (touch, pressure).

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28
Q

occipital lobe

A

The occipital lobe is the visual processing area of the brain.

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29
Q

temporal lobe

A

The temporal lobes are also believed to play an important role in processing affect/emotions, language, and certain aspects of visual perception

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30
Q

which hemisphere controls spatial awareness

A

the right

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31
Q

what does the motor cortex do

A

The motor cortex is the region of the cerebral cortex involved in the planning, control, and execution of voluntary movements.

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32
Q

what is development?

A

Development refer to the changes that occur over time.

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33
Q

How do we break up a life span.

A

into 6 different categories infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, middle age and old gae.

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34
Q

what are the four different types of development.

A

physical, cognitive, social and emotional.

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35
Q

What is the great debate.

A

the debate of if it’s our environment or our genetics that shape who we are.

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36
Q

does nature shape us or nurture

A

we now think it’s both, but we don’t know which one does it more.

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37
Q

Qualitative vs quantitative data

A

Qualitative data is descriptive data eg the level of browns of chocolates where as qualitative data is about numbers eg how many pandas live in china.

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38
Q

what are the different types of sampling

A
  1. convenience sampling the most accessible people.
  2. random sampling everyone in the population has an equal chance of being picked.
  3. stratified sampling first organised your population into groups then pick, people from the groups to make samples with the same ratio of the groups to the population.
39
Q

Extraneous and confounding variables

A

extraneous variables are the ones that the experimenter didn’t account for, confounding variables are more IV’s that affect the DV for example order effects.

40
Q

​​​​​​​Experimenter Effect

A

what bias does the experiment have on the results, so the placebo but for experimenters. that’s why double blind experiments are a thing.

41
Q

what are the four stages of development according to piaget.

A
  1. Sensorimotor, Birth to 18–24 months old, Object permanence, 2. Preoperational 2 to 7 years old Symbolic thought, 3. concrete operational, 7-11, operational thought, 4. formal operational, 11-21 abstract thought.
42
Q

what does a stage consist of according to piaget.

A

an age it takes place in and a goal that you have to complete before you move onto the next one.

43
Q

what are erikson’s 8 stages of development

A

trust and mistrust 12-18 months, autonomy vs shame 18-3 years, initiative and guilt 3-5, industry vs inferiority 5-12, identity vs identity confusion 12-18, intimacy vs isolation 18-25, generativity vs stagnation 25-65, integrity vs despair 65+.

44
Q

study sleep wake disorders

A

yes

45
Q

what is the difference between a motor and sensory neuron.

A

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPix_X-9t7E&ab_channel=CrashCourse 8 mins

46
Q

what are synapses

A

synapses are the gap between neurons that a chemical, neurotransmitter are sent across,

47
Q

what is the function of a synapses.

A

they are the messages, between neurons, they are the connections that make us who we are.

48
Q

label the brain

A

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-nH4MRvO-10&feature=emb_title&ab_channel=NemoursKidsHealth

49
Q

what does the retina do

A

the retinal changes the light into electrochemical signals so that your brain can interpret them as sight

50
Q

what does the optic nerve do

A

the optic nerve sends the electrochemical signals to your brain.

51
Q

what does the lens do

A

the lens helps bend to light onto your retina so that you can focus.

52
Q

what does the Pupil do

A

it lets light enter the eye

53
Q

what does the cornea do

A

the cornea focus some of the light and is the protective layer for the eye

54
Q

what does the the aqueous humor dor

A

it is the liquid that fill the eye and give it the round shape.

55
Q

label the eye

A

https://cirrus.vlc.vic.edu.au/homepage/5468

56
Q

what is gestalts first principal.

A

proximity, how we group object because of the proximity to each other.

57
Q

what is gestalts second principal

A

similarity, stuff that looks alike are put together.

58
Q

what is gestalts third principal

A

common fate, things that move together are grouped together.

59
Q

what is gestalts fourth principal

A

good continuation, it’s weird but our eyes follow curded lines.

60
Q

what is gestalts fifth principal

A

closure, our brains finish the image

61
Q

what is gestalts sixth principal

A

relativity and figure ground, relativity is the difference between one types of space and another, figure ground is our ability to distinguish the figure from the background

62
Q

what is gestalts seventh principal

A

law of pragnanz, our brain seeing the most stable shape, so square not x’s also watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yadmpXUQ68A&feature=emb_title&ab_channel=StopConfusionAnimations

63
Q

sensation vs perception

A

sensation is what is out there and perception is how we see it.

64
Q

what is the first step of sensation.

A

reception, when our eye detect something

65
Q

what is the second step of sensation

A

Transduction, when the eye turns light into an electrochemical signal

66
Q

what is the third step of sensation

A

transmission, when the electrochemical signal is sent to the brain.

67
Q

what is the first process of perception

A

selection, feature detectors in the optic nerve filter the information

68
Q

what is the second step of perception

A

organisation, when your brain organises the electrochemical signals into meaningful image.

69
Q

what is the third step of perception

A

when our brain process what we see and give it meaning.

70
Q

what is the ames illusions

A

an illusion that only lets you use one eye to look at a room with a slanted floor and ceiling, it gives the perception of changing an object’s size.

71
Q

what is bullying

A

an unwanted, inappropriate use of power over another person, repeated over time.

72
Q

what are the four types of bullying.

A

direct physical, when you get punched, direct verbal when you get insulted, covert when someone lies about you and cyberbullying anything mean said online about you.

73
Q

what are the effects of bullying

A

physical, social and psychological

74
Q

what is the tri-component model

A

a model of our attitude

75
Q

what does the tri-component model include

A

affective, what you feel, cognitive, what you know and behavioural, how you act

76
Q

what is the error of the tri-component model

A

people sometimes act differently to how they feel or what they know.

77
Q

what is prejudice and discrimination

A

prejudice and discrimination is disliking someone because they’re different.

78
Q

what is the difference between prejudice and discrimination

A

prejudice is a feeling while discrimination is an act

79
Q

what was the stanford prison experiment

A

was an experiment conducted by philip zimbardo he looked into the power dynamic between inmates and guard and if power turned guard brutal or if humans were just brutal, he also looked into if it was the conditions the guards were in or the personality of the guards.

80
Q

what is the muller effect

A

the muller effect is an optical illusion that makes lines look different sizes because of the direction of the arrow on it’s head and tail.

81
Q

what are the five pictorial depth cues

A

linear perspective, interposition, texture gradient, relative size and height in the visual field.

82
Q

what is linear perspective

A

is the convergence of parallel lines eg as train tracks get closer together they look further away.

83
Q

what is interposition

A

when one object obscures another, the one being obscured seems further away. you can’t tell how far apart they are.

84
Q

what is texture gradient

A

the more defined an object is the closer they seem

85
Q

what is relative size

A

the smaller an item seems further away, this only works if all the objects are the same size when lined up next to each other.

86
Q

what is height in visual field.

A

the higher up an object is the further away it seems.

87
Q

what is perceptual set

A

perceptual set is our predisposition to perceive things based on our previous experiences. our expectations of what an object will be affects the outcome as well.

88
Q

what are the five factors affecting of perception

A

contexts, motovation, emotional state, past experience and culture

89
Q

what is context

A

the setting or environment in which the perception is made, you can identify a teacher at school but madye not at the shops.

90
Q

what is motivation

A

motivation is what you want to see, so if you go to a game where your team is winning then it might be a fair and good game but to the losing team it isn’t.

91
Q

what is emotional state

A

how we are feeling, so if you are scared of ghosts you might see ghosts in the dark but if you aren’t you might not.

92
Q

what is past experience.

A

what you have seen in the past, this was explored by the rat man experiment, people were should four facing then an ambiguas shape and they said it was a face, then another group of people where should animals then the same shape they said it as a rat.

93
Q

what is culture

A

culture is a way of life for a group of people that make them different to others, some culture have experienced western technology like photographs so they can’t recognise objects in photographs.

94
Q

what was milgram’s experiment

A

milgram’s experiment was an experiment that looked into obedience, this experiment involves an experiment posing as a learner that gets shocked by the teacher for every wrong answer, later in the test the learner stops answering and the teacher continues to shock them 50% of the time. this experiment makes you wound how far people would go under the guidance of an authority figure.

Psychology (9 decks)

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