Units 1 & 2 Bio Flashcards
organic molecule
contain multiple carbon and hydrogen atoms. They make up living things.
monosaccharide
monomers of carbohydrates are simple sugars called _____________. ; examples include glucose, frucose and galactose.
polysaccharide
storage of carbohydrates in plants
monomer
the smaller units, or _______, bond together to form larger molecules.
polymer
the larger molecules formed from monomers are called ________.
subunit
a protein ________ is a polypeptide chain or single protein molecule that assembles with others to form a protein complex.
carbohydrate
quick energy
simple carbohydrate
-super fast energy
-fruit/candy
-benedict’s test
complex carbohydrate
-pastas or breads
-iodine test
-monomer glucose
lipid
Lipids= Fats; stored energy, support and insulation
insulation
layers of thick skin which stops the flow of heat from body part is called __________.
iodine test
the test for complex carbohydrates
benedicts test
the test for simple carbohydrates
glycogen
-storage of carbohydrates in animals (muscles and liver)
cellulose
-cell walls of plant cells
-support
-cellu”lose” = carbohydrate
glucose
quick energy
protein
- build and repair body tissue
2.fights diseases (antibodies)
3.sends messages (hormones)
4.control reactions (enzymes)
5.maintains and helps homeostasis
6.controls blood sugar
amino acid
_______ _____ are molecules used by all living things to make proteins.
biurets test
the test for proteins.
nucleic acid
controls genetic information; makes proteins to create traits
nucleotide
a ___________ is an organic compound made up of three subunits.
enzyme
are proteins; so they’re made of amino acids they are also catalysts
catalyst
Temperature, pH, and the concentration of substrates usually tend to catalyze chemical reactions.
optimum
the most favorable condition for the growth and reproduction of an organism.
denature
temperature damage can _______ an enzyme permanently; they are no longer active and they can’t function.
substrate
Enzymes have a specifically shaped area, called an active site, where items can bind. It’s very
specific because the active site is specifically shaped for the ________ that binds there.
active site
Each __________ can only fit a specific Substrate or Substrates. ; part of the enzyme where the substrate binds and causes a chemical reaction to occur.
reactant
the substances which participate in a chemical reaction, are called _____.
product
end substances after a biological process has occurred.
independent variable
variable that stands alone and isn’t changed by the other variables you are trying to measure.
dependent variable
what you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment.
control
a group in the experiment which a variable is not being tested.
pH
The ____ is used to tell how acidic or basic a solution is.
neutral
have a pH of 7 and are not acidic or basic
acid
substances that break apart in water to form a hydrogen ion (h+)
base
substances that break apart in water to form a hydroxide ion (OH+)
ion
An ____ is an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge.
cation
an ion with positive charge is called _______.
anion
an ion with negative charge; meaning it has more electrons than protons.
