Unit 3 Bio Flashcards
cell
______ job is to make proteins; which control EVERYTHING the organism does!
tissue
a collection of cells
organ
a collection of tissues that structurally form a functional unit specialized to perform a particular function.
organ system
a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions.
organism
a living thing that has an organized structure
organelle
a subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell, much like an organ does in the body.
eukaryote
-large and complex
-younger
-has a nucleus
prokaryote
-small and simple
-older
-no nucleus
plasmid
a small, circular DNA molecule
primitive
older
modern
younger
bacteria
a large group of single-cell microorganisms
chromosome
a combination of DNA and protein in the cell nucleus
vacuole
-large in plant cells and small in animal cells (sometimes absent animal cells)
-storage unit of the cell
mitochondria
where is cellular respiration occurs. surface areas important, the more space you have the more oxygen you have.
nucleus
brains of the cell where DNA is found, has the instructions for making protein- “the boss”
chloroplast
where photosynthesis takes place
cell wall
-gives structure and support
-contains cellulose
cell membrane
-controls what enters and leaves the cell
ribosome
where proteins are made
phospholipid bilayer
two layers of lipids that make a flexible layer
centriole
helps with cell division only in animal cells
unicellular
one cell
turgor pressure
the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall
multicellular
more than one cell
specialization
each cell in an organism has a special job
stem cells
a blank cell that doesn’t have a job yet
hemoglobin
a protein inside red blood cells that binds to the oxygen molecules
muscle cell
have more mitochondria than others to make more energy
xylem
transports water from roots to leaves
phloem
transports food throughout the plants
guard cells
acts like mouths to open and close, letting gases in and out of the leaves
stomata
specialized pores or openings present in the epidermis of plant cells.
hormone
-proteins, so shape matters
-only works for cells with the right receptor proteins
-travel slowly
-in plants AND animals
protein receptor
a protein on the surface of a cell that binds to a specific substance and causes a specific effect in the cell
nervous system
a complex network of nerves and cells that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body
neuron
-in the nervous system
-sends out molecules called neurotransmitters
-travels quickly
-in animals ONLY
solution
a mixture of two or more substances
solvent
what dissolves substances
homeostasis
maintaining a constant internal balance
solute
what dissolves in the solution
equilibrium
same number of molecules on both sides
hydrophobic
a property of molecules that do not mix with water
hydrophilic
molecules that can interact with water
concentration gradient
particles move in response to a concentration gradient
active transport
-low to high
-ATP is needed
-protein is needed
passive transport
-high to low
-ATP is NOT needed
-protein is not needed
semi-permeable
only lets some things move through
osmosis
water
facilitated diffusion
high to low, particles, no ATP, protein is needed
simple diffusion
low to high, particles, ATP, protein is needed
ATP
the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level
protein channel
large protein opening in cell membrane for large molecules
protein pump
protein needed in active transport
sodium/potassium pump
powered by ATP, the pump moves sodium and potassium ions in opposite directions, each against it’s concentration gradient
plasmid
a small, circular DNA molecule
