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Bio > Unit 3 Bio Flashcards > Flashcards

Unit 3 Bio Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

cell

A

______ job is to make proteins; which control EVERYTHING the organism does!

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2
Q

tissue

A

a collection of cells

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3
Q

organ

A

a collection of tissues that structurally form a functional unit specialized to perform a particular function.

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4
Q

organ system

A

a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions.

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5
Q

organism

A

a living thing that has an organized structure

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6
Q

organelle

A

a subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell, much like an organ does in the body.

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7
Q

eukaryote

A

-large and complex
-younger
-has a nucleus

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8
Q

prokaryote

A

-small and simple
-older
-no nucleus

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9
Q

plasmid

A

a small, circular DNA molecule

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10
Q

primitive

A

older

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11
Q

modern

A

younger

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12
Q

bacteria

A

a large group of single-cell microorganisms

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13
Q

chromosome

A

a combination of DNA and protein in the cell nucleus

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14
Q

vacuole

A

-large in plant cells and small in animal cells (sometimes absent animal cells)
-storage unit of the cell

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14
Q

mitochondria

A

where is cellular respiration occurs. surface areas important, the more space you have the more oxygen you have.

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15
Q

nucleus

A

brains of the cell where DNA is found, has the instructions for making protein- “the boss”

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16
Q

chloroplast

A

where photosynthesis takes place

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17
Q

cell wall

A

-gives structure and support
-contains cellulose

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18
Q

cell membrane

A

-controls what enters and leaves the cell

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19
Q

ribosome

A

where proteins are made

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20
Q

phospholipid bilayer

A

two layers of lipids that make a flexible layer

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21
Q

centriole

A

helps with cell division only in animal cells

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22
Q

unicellular

A

one cell

23
Q

turgor pressure

A

the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall

24
Q

multicellular

A

more than one cell

25
Q

specialization

A

each cell in an organism has a special job

26
Q

stem cells

A

a blank cell that doesn’t have a job yet

27
Q

hemoglobin

A

a protein inside red blood cells that binds to the oxygen molecules

28
Q

muscle cell

A

have more mitochondria than others to make more energy

29
Q

xylem

A

transports water from roots to leaves

30
Q

phloem

A

transports food throughout the plants

31
Q

guard cells

A

acts like mouths to open and close, letting gases in and out of the leaves

32
Q

stomata

A

specialized pores or openings present in the epidermis of plant cells.

33
Q

hormone

A

-proteins, so shape matters
-only works for cells with the right receptor proteins
-travel slowly
-in plants AND animals

34
Q

protein receptor

A

a protein on the surface of a cell that binds to a specific substance and causes a specific effect in the cell

35
Q

nervous system

A

a complex network of nerves and cells that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body

36
Q

neuron

A

-in the nervous system
-sends out molecules called neurotransmitters
-travels quickly
-in animals ONLY

37
Q

solution

A

a mixture of two or more substances

38
Q

solvent

A

what dissolves substances

39
Q

homeostasis

A

maintaining a constant internal balance

40
Q

solute

A

what dissolves in the solution

41
Q

equilibrium

A

same number of molecules on both sides

42
Q

hydrophobic

A

a property of molecules that do not mix with water

43
Q

hydrophilic

A

molecules that can interact with water

44
Q

concentration gradient

A

particles move in response to a concentration gradient

45
Q

active transport

A

-low to high
-ATP is needed
-protein is needed

46
Q

passive transport

A

-high to low
-ATP is NOT needed
-protein is not needed

47
Q

semi-permeable

A

only lets some things move through

48
Q

osmosis

A

water

49
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

high to low, particles, no ATP, protein is needed

50
Q

simple diffusion

A

low to high, particles, ATP, protein is needed

51
Q

ATP

A

the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level

52
Q

protein channel

A

large protein opening in cell membrane for large molecules

53
Q

protein pump

A

protein needed in active transport

54
Q

sodium/potassium pump

A

powered by ATP, the pump moves sodium and potassium ions in opposite directions, each against it’s concentration gradient

55
Q

plasmid

A

a small, circular DNA molecule

Bio (6 decks)

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