Unit 6 Bio Vocab

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

a nucleic acid

Question 2

Deoxyribose

Answer 2

the sugar “for” DNA

Question 3

nucleotide

Answer 3

what DNA is made of

Question 4

nucleic acid

Answer 4

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is _________ acid.

Question 5

3 parts of a nucleotide

Answer 5

contains a nitrogenous base, a pentose/deoxyribose sugar, and phosphate.

Question 6

double helix

Answer 6

the shape of DNA

Question 7

“backbone” of DNA

Answer 7

A sugar-phosphate backbone is what combines together nucleotides in a DNA sequence

Question 8

hydrogen bonds

Answer 8

these bonds are very weak

Question 9

“rungs” of DNA

Answer 9

thymine (T), adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

Question 10

adenine

Answer 10

“A”

Question 11

cytosine

Answer 11

“C”

Question 12

guanine

Answer 12

“G”

Question 13

thymine

Answer 13

“T”

Question 14

complementary base pair

Answer 14

A with T ; C with G

Question 15

chargoff’s Rule

Answer 15

Should have equal amounts for base pairs

Question 16

Semi-conservative

Answer 16

when DNA copies itself, always has ½ paternal & ½ daughter strand.

Question 17

DNA replication

Answer 17

happens during the s phase (interphase)

Question 18

Mutation

Answer 18

changes in genetic code

Question 19

Point mutation

Answer 19

a mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence.

Question 20

Deletion mutation

Answer 20

type of genetic mutation that involves the removal of a portion of the genetic material

Question 20

Frameshift mutation

Answer 20

an insertion or deletion involving a number of base pairs that is not a multiple of three

Question 21

substitution mutation

Answer 21

when a nucleotide base is changed.

Question 21

Insertion mutation

Answer 21

a type of mutation that involves the addition of one or more nucleotides into a segment of DNA

Question 22

Translation

Answer 22

links amino acids together to make a protein

Question 23

protein synthesis

Question 24

Transcription

Answer 24

turns DNA into a mRNA message

Question 25

amino acid

Answer 25

molecules used by all living things to make proteins

Question 26

RNA

Answer 26

Ribonucleic acid

Question 26

enzyme

Answer 26

proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies

Question 27

ribonucleic acid

Answer 27

RNA

Question 28

template

Answer 28

a single-stranded nucleic acid

Question 28

uracil

Answer 28

one of the four nucleotide bases in RNA; instead of t

Question 29

mRNA

Answer 29

Messenger RNA

Question 30

rRNA

Answer 30

makes up ribosomes

Question 31

tRNA

Answer 31

links amino acids together

Question 32

Codon

Answer 32

each _______ is a code for a certain amino acid

Question 33

Anticodon

Answer 33

nucleotide present in tRNA

Question 34

stop codon

Answer 34

a sequence of three nucleotides

Question 35

start codon

Answer 35

marks the beginning of a protein and where translation needs to begin.

Question 36

Polypeptide

Answer 36

A substance that contains many amino acids

Question 37

peptide bonds

Answer 37

a bond connecting two amino acids

Question 38

codon chart

Answer 38

shows all of the possible three letter combinations of mRNA nucleotides, and for which amino acid each combination codes for.

Question 39

Trait

Answer 39

a specific characteristic of an individual

Question 40

Gene

Answer 40

made up of sequences of DNA.