UNIT_1_ w/o_People

Question 1

T/F: Biological evolution is simply a matter of change over time

Answer 1

False

Question 2

changes in gene pool over time

Answer 2

Evolution

Question 3

Life began (year)

Answer 3

3.8 BYA

Question 4

Insects diversified (year)

Answer 4

290 MYA

Question 5

when human and chimpanzee lineages diverged

Answer 5

5 MYA

Question 6

Methods ad evidences of evolution (3)

Answer 6

1) Radiometric Dating
2) Stratigraphy
3) Molecular Clocks

Question 7

iehl: Anatomicallt modern humans evolve.

Answer 7

120,000 ya

Question 8

iehl: Early hominid named Lucy lived. Ice age begins and many large mammals go extinct

Answer 8

4 MYA

Question 9

iehl: massive asteroid hit the Yucatan peninsula and Ammonites and non-avian dinosaurs go extinct

Answer 9

65 mYA

Question 10

iehl: continents drift toward their present position

Answer 10

130 MYA

Question 11

iehl: Dinosaurs and mammals evolve Pangaea begin to break apart

Answer 11

225 MYA

Question 12

iehl: 90% of marine life and 70% of terrestrial life go extinct

Answer 12

248 MYA

Question 13

iehl: Supercontinent Pangaea forms. conifer-like forests, reptiles and Synapsids are common

Answer 13

250 MYA

Question 14

iehl: Four limbed vertebrates move into land. seed plants and large forest appear

Answer 14

360 MYA

Question 15

iehl: Land plants evolve

Answer 15

420 MYA

Question 16

iehl: arthropods move into land. descendants include scorpions, spiders, mites and millipedes

Answer 16

450 MYA

Question 17

iehl: fish- like invertebrates evolve, invertebrates are common in the oceans

Answer 17

500 MYA

Question 18

iehl: multi-cellular marine organisms are common, Wiwaxia

Answer 18

555 mYA

Question 19

iehl: replicating molecules, ( precursor of DNA) form

Answer 19

3.8 BYA

Question 20

iehl: unicellular life evolves, photosynthetic bacteria release oxygen

Answer 20

3.5 bya

Question 21

iehl: earth forms and bombarded by meteorites and comets

Answer 21

4.6 BYA

Question 22

Causes of evolution: do not represent the gentic diversity of the original population and their __ size mens they may experience strong genetic drift

Answer 22

Small Population size

Question 23

generate deviations from expected genotypes frequencies and set the stage for natural selection to cause evolutionary change

Answer 23

non-random mating

Question 24

engine of evolution in that it generates the genetic variation on which the evolutionary process depend on

Answer 24

mutation

Question 25

fundamental agent of evolution based on the dispersal of genes between population of a species

Answer 25

Gene Flow

Question 26

descent with inherited modification

Answer 26

EVOLUTION

Question 27

we can reconstruct evolutionary relationships and represent them on a famikly tree called

Answer 27

Phylogeny

Question 28

when a lineage splits

Answer 28

Speciation

Question 29

T/F Some organisms are more advanced that others

Answer 29

False

Question 30

evolution produces a tree-like pattern , not ladder-like

Answer 30

true

Question 31

(3) keep things in mind (1)

Answer 31

Evolution produces a tree-like pattern not ladder like

Question 32

(3) keep things in mind (2)

Answer 32

there is no correlation of level of advancements

Question 33

(3) keep things in mind (3)

Answer 33

for Speciation in phylogeny left and right is arbitrary

Question 34

are heritable traits that can be compared across organisms such as morphology, genetic sequence and behavioral traits.

Answer 34

CHARACTERS

Question 35

characters where lineages have in common

Answer 35

shared characteristics

Question 36

one that evolved in the linaesge leading up to clade and sets members of that clade apart from other individuals

Answer 36

derived characters

Question 37

Traits that are different from those of the groups ancestors

Answer 37

derived characters

Question 38

Characters in different organism that are similar because they were inherited from a common ancestors that had that character

Answer 38

Homologous characters

Question 39

distantly related organisms independently evolve similar traits to adapt to similar necessitites

Answer 39

analogous characters

Question 40

Derived trait or character that is unique to a group or species - not present in an ancestral form

Answer 40

apomorphy

Question 41

derived characteristics that is found only in one taxon and absent in even the closest

Answer 41

autapomorphy

Question 42

derived trait where the entire clade has the particular trait

Answer 42

synapomorphy

Question 43

Ancestral trait that a taxon retains throughout evolution

Answer 43

Plesiomorphy

Question 44

more than 2 taxa can be in different groups yet share plesiomorphy

Answer 44

Symplesiomorphy

Question 45

Character state that is shared by at least two organisms but not found in a common ancestor

Answer 45

Homoplasy

Question 46

common element in structure between different organism due to evolutionary differentiation from a corresponding part in a common ancestor

Answer 46

HOMOLOGY

Question 47

is a trait or an organ that appears similar in two distantly related organisms

Answer 47

analogy

Question 48

Standard system of classification in which every organism is assigned a hierarchical taxon. (nested hierarchy)

Answer 48

Linnaean classification

Question 49

system of classification that names groups of organism according to their evolutionary history, names clades but do not assign ranks

Answer 49

Phylogenetic classification

Question 50

comprising lizards and snakes

Answer 50

squamata

Question 51

turtles and tortoises

Answer 51

testudine

Question 52

include reptiles including dinosaurs and pterosaurs, birds and crocodillians

Answer 52

archosauria

Question 53

crocodiles

Answer 53

crocodylomorpha

Question 54

Evidences of evolution ( enumerate all 6)

Answer 54

1. fossil records 2. taxonomic classification 3. comparative anatomy 4. comparative embryology 5. Biogeography 6. molecular biology

Question 55

5 misconceptions

Answer 55

*evolution is just a theory and not supported by scientific evidence * organisms evolve because they desire to *we cant see evolution happening *E. leads to advanced organism climbing the evolutionary ladder *evolution occur in individual organism