UNIT3: Global resource and consumption

Question 1

What are the different types of poverty:

Answer 1

1. Absolute poverty–> lack of money for basic human needs
2. Relative poverty–> people have inadequate financial resources and fall bellow living standards
3. Income poverty–> family income is below nationally established poverty line.

Question 2

Explain the relationship between poverty reduction and the global middle class

Answer 2

• The gobal middle class has increases diue to an increase in incomes
• Less people are falling into absolute poverty
• increase in goverment spending

Why it is beneficial for economy:
1. increases the sale of electric cars
2. educated so they provide growth in the country.
3. prices can increase as more people can afford things.

Question 3

Why are some countries poor?

Answer 3

• geopgraphy–> land-locked countries cant benefit from trade.
• weather–> poor countries have a tropical wetaher–> rise in pests and diseases
• Institutions–> LIC´s=more corrupt than HIC´S
• Culture–> religious countries tend to be the poorest.

Question 4

How do countries increase their resource consumption?

Answer 4

• using fossil fuels
• buying imported products
• eating a lot of meat

Question 5

Describe the ecological footprint

Answer 5

• the theoretical measurement of the amount of land+water required to fulfil resources needs and assimilate waste.
• measured in global hectares

Question 6

What are the two aspects that the EF considers?

Answer 6

1. Biocapacity–> earths bioproductive land +sea (areas that provide food and assimilate waste)
2. demand–> amount of bioproductive land needed to provide resources.

Question 8

define ecological deficit

Answer 8

when footprint exceeds bio capacity

Question 9

What are the types of footprints

Answer 9

• carbon footprint–> total amount of GHG emissions caused by an individual
• water footprint–> amount of water in EF
• food footprint–> how food intakr affects EF

Question 10

define ecological reserve

Answer 10

biocapacity exceeds footprint

Question 11

Define physical water scarcity

Answer 11

• the demand of water esceedds avialble amount

Question 12

Define economic water scarcity

Answer 12

• lack of water supply even though it is availble (due to economic problems)

Question 13

Why are there increasing water pressures?

Answer 13

• urbanization
• population growth
• growing middle class
• tourism and recreation.
• dietary changes

Question 14

threee categories of water consumption:

Answer 14

1. agricultural–> irrigation
2. industrial..> hydrolectric power
3. domestic

Question 15

what is embedded water

Answer 15

• water used to produce the products we use

Question 16

what is virtual water?

Answer 16

• water used to make an object

Question 17

patterns in trends that affect availability of food and land consumption:

Answer 17

• changes in diet–> changed from consuming cereals to a balanced diet.
• food coorperations: fast food concume. alot of land tu graze cows for meat.
• food trade–> access foods from different countries
• change in diet in middloe income countries–> increases wealth and distinct lifetyle.
• climate: droughts decrease crop yields-
• water crisis–> limits crop yield.

Question 18

Non-renewable sources:

Answer 18

• fossil fuels–> cheap, provide high energy yield.
• contribute to climate change, produce GHG.

Question 19

Renewable energy sources:

Answer 19

• solar, hydrolectric power, geothermal, tidal.

solar–> low running costs, do not work at night
wind–> low costs–> noise poloution
hydropower–> REDUCE FLOOD RISK, high set up costs.

Question 20

Factors affecting energy consumption:

Answer 20

• type of industrial activity
• climate–> extreme climates require more energy
• level of developemnnt –> HIC consume more energy
• population

Question 21

Describe the water-food energy nexus

Answer 21

• The link between each sector and how they impact each other.

Question 22

Suggest interaction in the water-food-energy nexus

Answer 22

• changes in one are might improve other: increase in water sources–> irrigation higher crop yield
• negative impact–> use of fertizers in agriculture increases GHG.

Question 23

what are the effects of climate change on nexus

Answer 23

• snow melting–> decline in freshwater in lakes
• heavy rainfall-> water loggeds areas—> decrease food supply.
• higher temp–> fish die
• energy prpduction relies on combuston of fossil fuels–> contributed to cliamte change.

Question 24

what are the strategies to manage domestic waste

Answer 24

• reducing consumtio n
• composting food
• recyling and reusing products

Question 25

what are the methods used to deal with domestic waste

Answer 25

• recycling
• reusing
• reducin g
• using composts
• inccineratign waste

Question 26

How to imrpove water security:

Answer 26

• increase supply–> by desalinisation, fog harvesting
• incease storage–> aquifiers
• decrease demand–> raising awarness

Question 27

Export of wastes

Answer 27

• most HICS dispose their waste in foreign dumos espacially in LICS–> it is cheaper

Question 28

Types of waste

Answer 28

1. incierating–> reduce waste pile yet they produce GHG.
2. chemical waste–> contributed to health risks
3. E-waste–> dumo of electronic devices (in landfills they seep into soil and this is toxic)

Question 28

Whar are neo-malthusian theories

Answer 28

• pessimistic –> less radiucle that thomas malthus
• promote population control to ensure sustainability of resources
• support contraception

Question 28

Thomas Malthus theory (pessimist)

Answer 28

• population growth is exponential
• food production is arithmetic
• point where pop exceeds food supply (carrying capacity)
• proposed two types of checks

1. neg checks–> sexual abstinence, reduced marriage
2. positive checks–> disease, death etc.

Critiques:
- POP growth is not exponential
- contraception is now used
- since his tiem food production has increased.

Question 28

Explasin Boserups theory (optimist)

Answer 28

• people have the resources to icnrease food production
• population increases->stimualte change in agricultural practices–> increased food

Question 29

Define what is meant by resource stewardship

Answer 29

• humans use reosurces in such way they are available for future generatiosn