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pharm > unit1 pt 3 > Flashcards

unit1 pt 3 Flashcards

1
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

the study of what our body does to the drug

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2
Q

pharamcodynamics

A

study of what the drug has on the body.

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3
Q

what mechanisms of action occur when the drug enters the system?

A
  • drug binds to target receptors.
  • proteins and enzymes are involved in signal transduction
  • when receptors are bound to they change cellular function to illicit the therapeutic response
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4
Q

what are the main types of receptors involved in drug expression? what

A
  • G coupled protein (most common)
  • ligand gated
  • intracellular receptors: hydrophobic signalling molecules will diffuse across the cell membrane to interact with the intracellular receptors
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5
Q

what kind of bonds are made between receptors and chemicals?

A

ionic, hydrogen, hydrophobic bonds

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6
Q

agonist

A

when a drug binds to a receptor fully to illicit a full therapeutic response.

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7
Q

partial agoinist

A

when a drug only partially binds to a receptor so it can not create a full therapeutic response.

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8
Q

Anatgonist

A

binds to the receptor to block therapeutic response. They have a higher affinity compared to agoinists.
ex: naloxone

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9
Q

inverse agoinist

A

binds to the receptor to slow down transduction to slow the therapeutic response.

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10
Q

full agoinsit

A

perfect match for the receptor–> illicits the full therapeutic response

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11
Q

what is an adverse drug affect?

A

an unwanted affect the drug can cause that is secondary.

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12
Q

why to allergic reactions occur?

A

on first exposure to an antigen the immune system will create antibodies ( mast cells). On second exposure the allergen will bind to the mast cells and cause a mass release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine.

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13
Q

what are common s/s of an allergic reaction?

A

wheezing, uticaria, angioedema, itchiness, N/D/V

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14
Q

what is anaphylaxis?

A

severe allergic reaction that is life threatening if not treated immediately.

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15
Q

what hypersensitivity is an allergic reaction?

A

type 1

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16
Q

drug tolerance

A

prolonged use of a drug will require higher doses to give the same therapeutic response

17
Q

cumulative drug effect

A

when the body does not metabolize & excrete the drug before the next dose is given. can lead to drug toxicity and affect kidney and liver functions.

18
Q

toxicology

A

the study of the mechanisms of action and adverse effects of drugs.

19
Q

when do toxic reactions occur?

A

when the blood concentration of a drug surpasses the therapeutic index.

20
Q

how are poisonings treated?

A

antidotes, emesis, gastric lavage, charcoal etc.

21
Q

what are the major effects of CO poisioning and how is it treated?

A

bone marrow decrease, CNS depression, headache, rosey cheeks, tachycardia, dizziness, vertigo etc. tx: hyperbaric chamber, hiflow O2

22
Q

what are the different types of drug interactions?

A

additive, synergistic, antagonistic

23
Q

additive interation

A

when the combination of 2 drug creates an effect that is equal to the sum og giving the drug alone. 1+1=2

24
Q

synergistic interation

A

when the combination of 2 drugs creates an effect that is greater than the sum of one drug alone. ex: 1+1=4

25
Q

ex of additive drug interaction

A

tylenol + advil= analgesia

26
Q

example of synergistic drug interaction?

A

antibiotic + antibiotic= super antibiotic

27
Q

Antagonistic interaction

A

the combined effect of two drugs neutralizes the effects or decreases the effects of one drug. ex 1+1 =0 or 1

28
Q

what is a drug example of an antagonistic drug

A

opioid + naloxone= no effect

29
Q

what are pharmaceutical reactions?

A

achemical reaction that happens before the drug is given to the pt or its absorbed.

30
Q

what is a pharmacokinetic reaction?

A

the altering of absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion

31
Q

drugs absorbed slower on an empty stomach …..t/f

A

false; drugs absorb faster though they can irritate the stomach lining more

32
Q

some drugs mixed with food can neutralize the effects of the drug….. t/f, give example

A

true: tetracycline mixed with dairy neutralizes the antibiotic.

33
Q

what are the factors affecting efficacy?

A

age, lactating, pregnant, disease

34
Q

what does the Therapeutic Products Directorate control?

A

review scientific info, clinical application and investigational testing.

35
Q

who are involved in pre-clinical trials?

A

animals are tested on, if the results are good the trial can progress to humans.

36
Q

what are the 4 phases of a pre-clinical trial?

A
  1. determine pharmacokinetic properties and durg sfaety on healthy humans
  2. first study on people with the disease the drugs supposed to tx
  3. comparative study between the new drug and others ( double blind random trial)
  4. longer term research

pharm (8 decks)

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