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CS 202 - Vegetable Production > UNIT VII > Flashcards

UNIT VII Flashcards

1
Q

It is a plant growing out of place

A

Weed

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2
Q

Weeds can be classified into 4 categories, what are they?

A
  1. Growth Habit
  2. Lifespan
  3. Body Texture
  4. Habitat
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3
Q

Name the three types of weeds based on growth habit.

A
  1. Vines
  2. Shrubs
  3. Trees
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4
Q

Name the three types of weeds based on lifespan.

A
  1. Annuals
  2. Biennials
  3. Perennials
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5
Q

Name the two types of weeds based on body texture.

A
  1. Woody
  2. Herbaceous
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6
Q

Name the three types of weeds based on habitat.

A
  1. Terrestrial
  2. Epiphytic
  3. Aquatic
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7
Q

Classification of weeds based on gross morphology.

A
  1. Grasses
  2. Sedges
  3. Broadleaf
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8
Q

What families do grasses belong?

A
  1. Graminaceae
  2. Poaceae
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9
Q

To which family do sedges belong?

A

Cyperaceae

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10
Q

To what families do broadleaves belong?

A
  1. Monocotyledonae
  2. Dicotyledonae
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11
Q

They are weeds, which are highly competitive and persistent; they reduce crop yields even at low densities and are difficult to control.

A

Noxious Weeds

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12
Q

These type of weeds have fully expanded leaves, the leaves have netted venation.

A

Broadleaves

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13
Q

These weeds bear a close resemblance to the grasses and can be distinguished by a thin triangular stem. They have an absence of nodes and internodes, ligules, the fusion of leaf forming a tube around the stem.
Perennial versions of these weeds have underground tubers or rhizomes.

A

Sedges

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14
Q

These weeds range from small, twisted, erect or creeping annuals or perennials. Stems are called culms and with well-defined nodes and internodes, while the leaves are alternately in two rows from the nodes.

A

Grasses

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15
Q

What are the 3 types of aquatic weeds?

A
  1. Emergent
  2. Floating
  3. Submerged
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16
Q

What type of aquatic weed has the upper portion is above water but roots are anchored to the ground.

A

Emergent

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17
Q

What type of aquatic weed has all parts are under water?

A

Submerged

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18
Q

What type of aquatic weed has the upper portion is above water but roots are not anchored to the ground

A

Floating

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19
Q

It is a mechanism through which a species survives unfavorable conditions including control operations. It refers to the rest period of the seed.

A

Seed Dormancy

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20
Q

What are the mechanisms of dormancy?

A
  1. Physical/Structural Mechanism
  2. Physiological Mechanism
21
Q

Which mechanism of weed seed dormancy refers to the impermeability of the tissue surrounding the seed or embryo to water and/or oxygen.

A

Physical/Structural Mechanism

22
Q

This type of mechanism of weed seed dormancy can be caused by an immature embryo or by the the presence of inhibitors?

A

Physiological Mechanism

23
Q

It is the lapse of time required for the seed to overcome its physiological barrier for germination.

A

After ripening

24
Q

What mechanism in the hilum can also control limitation of water
imbibitions in hard seeds.

A

A hygroscopically activated valve

25
Q

This dormancy in weed seeds is acquired as the seed or organ develops or matures.

A

Primary, natural, or innate seed dormancy

26
Q

This dormancy in weed seeds is due to unfavorable conditions.

A

Secondary or Enforced Dormancy

27
Q

It is a method of breaking seed dormancy wherein the seeds are exposed to a lower temperature.

A

Stratification

28
Q

Give the 3 methods of Weed Control

A
  1. Mechanical Weed Control
  2. Chemical Weed Control
  3. Biological Weed Control
29
Q

Weeds are controlled using a rotating hoe (rotary or conical weeder) to cultivate, uproot and bury emerging young weeds between rows of rice plants.

A

Mechanical weeding

30
Q

Why do we need to control weeds?

A
  • prevent yield loss
  • maintain quality & market price of produce
  • prevent build-up of weed seeds in soil
  • prevent weeds that attract rodents, insects, and diseases
  • prevent clogging of irrigation channels
  • reduce time and cost in land preparation and weeding operations
31
Q

This type of weed control uses chemicals called herbicides to kill certain plants or inhibit their growth.

A

Chemical Weed Control

32
Q

It is the resumption of growth.

A

Germination

33
Q

How many stages of germination are present? Please enumerate.

A
  1. Imbibitions
  2. Period of rapid metabolic activity
  3. Emergence of root
  4. Emergence of shoot
  5. Period of independent growth
34
Q

This phase is purely a physical process. It involves the absorption of water by starch and can take place in living and dead seeds.

A

Imbibitions 1

35
Q

This phase is physiological and water is absorbed by the embryo. It marks the initiation and progress of starch hydrolysis

A

Imbibitions 2

36
Q

During this period, cell division and cell elongation proceed at a fast rate supported by a rapid synthesis of materials.

A

Period of Rapid metabolic activity

37
Q

What are the factors affecting the Growth of Weeds?

A
  1. Light
  2. O2
  3. Temperature
  4. Moisture
  5. Carbon Dioxide
38
Q

What are the major factors influencing Flowering and Seed Production?

A
  1. Photoperiod/Daylength
  2. Vegetative Growth
  3. Temperature
  4. Growth regulators
39
Q

This determines the spread of the weed. Adaptive structures and
proper habitat as well as activities of man contribute to it.

A

Dispersal of Weed Propagule

40
Q

It is the term used to refer to the structure, usually single-seeded together with accessory parts, that is dispersed or separated from the mother plant and whose function is to perpetuate its kind in other areas.

A

Dispersal Unit

41
Q

What are the agents of weed dispersal?

A
  1. Man
  2. Animals
  3. Wind
  4. Water
42
Q

In ancient times, the Chinese discovered that increasing ant populations in a citrus groves helped decrease destructive populations of what insect pests?

A
  1. Large Boring beetles
  2. Caterpillars
43
Q

These insects feed directly on the weed roots causing injury which allows bacteria and fungi to penetrate.

A

Beneficial Nematodes and Insects

44
Q

What is the term used for insects, pathogen etc. and other animals that are used to control weeds?

A

Bioagent

45
Q

This weed control method can reduce weeds but not totally eradicate the entire weed population.

A

Biological control

46
Q

What are the 2 methods used in Biological Control of Weeds?

A
  1. Augmentation of Natural Enemies
  2. Biological Herbicides
47
Q

This method in Biological Weed Control includes the periodic release and/or distribution of natural enemies.

A

Augmentation of Natural Enemies

48
Q

A new approach to biocontrol of weeds has recently been pioneered in
Arkansas with the application of a spore suspension of an endemic fungus.

A

Biological Herbicides

CS 202 - Vegetable Production (8 decks)

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