UNIT VI Flashcards
a small embryonic plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat, usually with some stored food.
Seed
The three main Parts of a Seed
Seed Coating
Embryo
Endosperm
the protective otuer layer of the seed, usually hard, thick, and brownish in color.
Seed coat
layers of the seed coat
testa
tegmen
which layer of the seed coat is the thick outer layer?
testa
which layer of the seed coat is the delicate inner layer?
tegmen
what are the parts of a seed coat?
- Micropyle
- Funiculus
- Hilum
- Raphe
the small opening at one end of the seed coat
Micropyle
the seed stalk where which the seed is attached to the fruit body, the integument
Funiculus
the region where the seed breaks from the fruit leaving a scar
Hilum
the base of the funiculus that is fused with the integument
Raphe
a tissue rich in oil, starch, and protein
endosperm
types of seeds based on the presence of endosperm
- Endospermic
- Non-endospermic
seeds characterized by the complete absence of endosperm
non-endospermic (exalbuminous seeds)
seeds characterized by the presence of an endosperm
endospermic (albuminous seeds)
The young plant developing inside the seed coat, which contains the underdeveloped tissues of leaves, stem, and roots of a plant.
Embryo
What are the parts of a seed embryo?
Epicotyl
Hypocotyl
Radicle
Cotyledons
it is the tiny shoot of an embryo, from which the entire shoot system develops
the tip of that tiny shoot is also called the _______?
Epicotyl
plumule
the stage of transition for the growing shoot and root of the embryo
Hypocotyl
it is the tiny root of the embrryo
radicle
they are the leaves of the embryo that provide nourishment to the developing plants
there are two types of this embryo leaf, the _______ & _____
cotyledons
monocots (monocotyledonous) & dicots (dicotyledonous)
Give the 3 functions of a seed coat
- Protects the seed from mechanical or physical damage
- Prevents the seed to germinate even in favorable conditions
- Prevents excessive water-loss from the seeds
Give the 2 functions of the seed endosperm
- Stores reserve food that provide nourishment to the developing plant
- Protects the embryo, by acting as a mechanical barrier
Give the 2 functions of the seed embryo
- Gives rise to a complete new plant
- Stores food and provide nourishment to the new plant
It is the art of placing seeds in the soil to have good germination in the field.
Sowing
What are the 7 methods of sowing seeds?
- Broadcasting
- Dibbling
- Seed Dropping Behind the Plow
- Drilling
- Transplanting
- Hill Dropping
- Check Row Planting
the method of random scattering of seeds on the surface of seedbed. It can be done manually or mechanically.
Broadcasting
the process of placing seeds in holes made in the seedbed and closing the seed with soil. In this method, seeds are placed in holes made at definite depth at fixed spacing.
Dibbling
Most vegetables are sown in this method.
Dibbling
consists of dropping the seeds in furrow lines in a continuous stream and covering them with soil.
Drilling
consists of rising the seedlings in a nursery bed and then planting the seedlings in another field (main field). It is commonly done for paddy, vegetable and flowers.
Transplanting
In this method, few seeds are dropped as a hill at a fixed place and not in a continuous stream.
Hill Dropping
It is a method of planting, in which row-to-row and plant-to-plant distance is uniform. In this method, seeds are planted precisely along straight parallel furrows.
Check Row Planting
What type of film/mulch is used during rainy season?
Perforated Film
What type of film/mulch is used in Orchards and Plantations?
Thicker Mulch
What type of film/mulch is used when implementing soil solarization?
Transparent Film
What type of film/mulch is used when controlling weeds through solarization?
Thin Transparent Film
What type of film/mulch is used when implementing weed control in cropped land?
Black Film
What type of film/mulch is used in sandy soil?
Black Film
What type of film/mulch is used during saline water use?
Black Film
What type of film/mulch is used in summer cropped land?
White Film
What type of film/mulch is used as insect repellant?
Silver-colored Film
What type of film/mulch is used during early germination?
Thinner film
What are the important parameters to consider when choosing plastic film?
- Thickness
- Width
- Perforations
- Mulch Color
Normally the _________ of the film does not affect the mulching effect except when it is used for colorization. But some of the recent references do indicate its impact on crop yield.
Thickness
What is the normal width of the film that can adapt to different conditions?
One and a half meters.
The ____________ of a film mulch may be advantageous under some situations and disadvantageous for some other situation.
Perforations
The capillary movement of water and fertilizer distribution will be better
and more uniform under ___________ condition.
Imperforated Film
Prevention of water stagnation around the plants, is better. But it has got the disadvantages of encouraging weed growth.
Perforated Film
What factors does the color of the mulch affect?
- Soil temperature
- Air temperature around plants
- soil salinity
Which color type of film deposits more salt on soil surface?
Transparent
This color type of film restricts water movement and upward movement of salt is reduced.
Black Film
