Unit VI (MINERALS)

Question 1

(young) (misshapen bones, joint enlargement, lameness and stiffness);

Answer 1

Rickets

Question 2

(adult) (weak and brittle bones); poultry (soft beaks and bones, retarded growth
and bowed legs; thin-shelled eggs; reduced egg production); Milk fever (parturient paresis)

Answer 2

Osteomalacia

Question 3

is a treatable condition that happens when the calcium levels in your blood are too low that may cause rickets, osteomalacia, and tetany

Answer 3

Hypocalcemia

Question 4

Can cause Rickets (young); Osteomalacia (adult); reduced egg production; pica in cattle; stiff joints and muscular weakness (chronic def.); poor fertility and reduced milk yield in cow; reduced egg production, hatchability and shell thickness in poultry; more common in cattle than in sheep

Answer 4

Hypophosphatemia

Question 5

in male ruminants, excess P with Mg may cause ____ ____; excess P contributes to ____ ____

Answer 5

in male ruminants, excess P with Mg may cause urinary calculi; excess P contributes to algal bloom

Question 6

enzyme activator primarily in glycolytic system; efficient metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids; bone formation (70% found in sk.); Mg ions moderate neuromuscular activity

Answer 6

Magnesium

Question 7

Vasodilation; hyperirritability w/ convulsions, loss of equilibrium and trembling; tetany (hypomagnesemic tetany)

Answer 7

Hypomagnesemia

Question 8

major cation of extracellular fluid where it is involved in osmotic pressure and acid-base equilibrium; preservation of normal mm cell irritability; cell permeability; absorption of sugars and amino acids in from GIT

Answer 8

Sodium

Question 9

Can cause blindness, nervous disorders and hypertension, Reduced growth (reduced utilization of digested proteins and energy); eye disturbances w/ corneal lesions; reproduction impairment (infertility in males, delayed sexual maturity in females); dec. osmotic pressure (leads to dehydration)

Answer 9

Hyponatremia

Question 10

Major anion involved in osmotic pressure and acid-base balance (chlorine shift); HCl acid in digestion

Answer 10

Chlorine

Question 11

usually due to physiological disturbances such as vomiting and diarrhea rather than deficiency; reduced growth

Answer 11

hypochloremic alkalosis

Question 12

Lethargic condition w/ high incidence of comas and death; diarrhea, distended abdomen and untidy appearance

Answer 12

Hypokalemia

Question 13

less than normal amount of hemoglobin and fewer red blood cells);

Answer 13

Micro-hypochromic anemia - iron deficiency

Question 14

Fading hair coat or lack of wool; nervous symptoms (lesions in the brain and spinal cord) or ataxia (enzootic ataxia and swayback in lambs); lameness, swelling of joints and fragility of bones; anemia;

Answer 14

Copper deficiency

Question 15

Copper toxicity occurs at levels above ___ppm with much the same symptoms as deficiency and/or damage to liver cells

Answer 15

250ppm

Question 16

Lack of conversion of xanthine to uric acid but unlikely to be deficient in natural diet

Answer 16

Molybdenum deficiency

Question 17

Poor hair or feather development and slipping of wool; reduced growth, depressed appetite, poor FCR, rough and thickened skin or parakeratosis in swine; chicks (retarded growth, foot abnormalities, swollen hock syndrome)

Answer 17

Zinc deficiency

Question 18

in ruminants decreases appetite, reduced growth and body weight and eventually death

Answer 18

Cobalt deficiency

Question 19

Exudative diathesis (chicks); muscular dystrophy (white muscle disease) in cattke; stiff lamb disease (sheep); liver necrosis (pigs, rats

Answer 19

Selenium

Question 20

Chronic toxicity yields blind staggers at __-__ppm or alkali disease at _-__ppm; acute toxicity occurs at __ppm and above; sudden death; SO4 protector against toxicity

Answer 20

Chronic toxicity yields blind staggers at 10-20ppm or alkali
disease at 5-10ppm; acute toxicity occurs at 20ppm and
above; sudden death; SO4 protector against toxicity

Question 21

Poor growth (impaired glucose utilization); shortened long bones; impaired reproduction (testicular
degeneration of males, defective ovulation of females); perosis or slipped tendon in poultry; breeding poultry (reduced hatchability and shell thickness); head retraction in chicks; reduced Vit. K- induced blood-clotting response

Answer 21

Manganese deficiency

Question 22

Goiter; stillbirths; hairless pigs or wool-less lambs at birth; weak or dead young; impaired brain dev’t; reduced fertility in males; abnormal estrous cycle

Answer 22

Iodine deficiency