Unit VI (MINERALS) Flashcards
(young) (misshapen bones, joint enlargement, lameness and stiffness);
Rickets
(adult) (weak and brittle bones); poultry (soft beaks and bones, retarded growth
and bowed legs; thin-shelled eggs; reduced egg production); Milk fever (parturient paresis)
Osteomalacia
is a treatable condition that happens when the calcium levels in your blood are too low that may cause rickets, osteomalacia, and tetany
Hypocalcemia
Can cause Rickets (young); Osteomalacia (adult); reduced egg production; pica in cattle; stiff joints and muscular weakness (chronic def.); poor fertility and reduced milk yield in cow; reduced egg production, hatchability and shell thickness in poultry; more common in cattle than in sheep
Hypophosphatemia
in male ruminants, excess P with Mg may cause ____ ____; excess P contributes to ____ ____
in male ruminants, excess P with Mg may cause urinary calculi; excess P contributes to algal bloom
enzyme activator primarily in glycolytic system; efficient metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids; bone formation (70% found in sk.); Mg ions moderate neuromuscular activity
Magnesium
Vasodilation; hyperirritability w/ convulsions, loss of equilibrium and trembling; tetany (hypomagnesemic tetany)
Hypomagnesemia
major cation of extracellular fluid where it is involved in osmotic pressure and acid-base equilibrium; preservation of normal mm cell irritability; cell permeability; absorption of sugars and amino acids in from GIT
Sodium
Can cause blindness, nervous disorders and hypertension, Reduced growth (reduced utilization of digested proteins and energy); eye disturbances w/ corneal lesions; reproduction impairment (infertility in males, delayed sexual maturity in females); dec. osmotic pressure (leads to dehydration)
Hyponatremia
Major anion involved in osmotic pressure and acid-base balance (chlorine shift); HCl acid in digestion
Chlorine
usually due to physiological disturbances such as vomiting and diarrhea rather than deficiency; reduced growth
hypochloremic alkalosis
Lethargic condition w/ high incidence of comas and death; diarrhea, distended abdomen and untidy appearance
Hypokalemia
less than normal amount of hemoglobin and fewer red blood cells);
Micro-hypochromic anemia - iron deficiency
Fading hair coat or lack of wool; nervous symptoms (lesions in the brain and spinal cord) or ataxia (enzootic ataxia and swayback in lambs); lameness, swelling of joints and fragility of bones; anemia;
Copper deficiency
Copper toxicity occurs at levels above ___ppm with much the same symptoms as deficiency and/or damage to liver cells
250ppm
Lack of conversion of xanthine to uric acid but unlikely to be deficient in natural diet
Molybdenum deficiency
Poor hair or feather development and slipping of wool; reduced growth, depressed appetite, poor FCR, rough and thickened skin or parakeratosis in swine; chicks (retarded growth, foot abnormalities, swollen hock syndrome)
Zinc deficiency
in ruminants decreases appetite, reduced growth and body weight and eventually death
Cobalt deficiency
Exudative diathesis (chicks); muscular dystrophy (white muscle disease) in cattke; stiff lamb disease (sheep); liver necrosis (pigs, rats
Selenium
Chronic toxicity yields blind staggers at __-__ppm or alkali disease at _-__ppm; acute toxicity occurs at __ppm and above; sudden death; SO4 protector against toxicity
Chronic toxicity yields blind staggers at 10-20ppm or alkali
disease at 5-10ppm; acute toxicity occurs at 20ppm and
above; sudden death; SO4 protector against toxicity
Poor growth (impaired glucose utilization); shortened long bones; impaired reproduction (testicular
degeneration of males, defective ovulation of females); perosis or slipped tendon in poultry; breeding poultry (reduced hatchability and shell thickness); head retraction in chicks; reduced Vit. K- induced blood-clotting response
Manganese deficiency
Goiter; stillbirths; hairless pigs or wool-less lambs at birth; weak or dead young; impaired brain dev’t; reduced fertility in males; abnormal estrous cycle
Iodine deficiency
