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Psychology > Unit V > Flashcards

Unit V Flashcards

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1
Q

What allowed Captain Sullenburg to save the plane?

A

Emotion regulation

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2
Q

Affect

A

The experience of feeling or emotion

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3
Q

The two components of affect?

A

Emotions and motivation

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4
Q

Latin root of emotions and motivation

A

To move

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5
Q

Arousal

A

Our experiences of the bodily responses created by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

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6
Q

What hormones are released when we are aroused?

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

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7
Q

Emotion

A

A mental and physiological feeling state that directs our attention and guides our behavior

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8
Q

Motivation

A

A need or desire that initiates and directs behavior

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9
Q

Examples of biological motivations

A

Food, water

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10
Q

Examples of social motivations

A

Want for acceptance

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11
Q

What are drives?

A

Internal states that are activated when the physiological characteristics of the body are out of balance

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12
Q

What are goals?

A

Desired end states

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13
Q

What do emotions help us with?

A

Making rapid judgements about stimuli and to quickly guide behavior

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14
Q

What is cognitive appraisal?

A

The cognitive interpretations that accompany emotions

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15
Q

What is valence?

A

The quality of a feeling

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16
Q

What is the Cannon-Bard theory of emotions?

A

Emotions and arousal occur simultaneously

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17
Q

What is the James Lange theory of emotions?

A

Emotions are the result of arousal

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18
Q

What is Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory?

A

Arousal and cognition combine to create emotion

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19
Q

What is the misattribution of arousal?

A

The tendency for people to incorrectly label the source of the arousal they are experiencing.

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20
Q

What is excitement transfer?

A

The phenomenon that occurs when people who are already experiencing arousal from one event tend to also experience unrelated emotions more strongly.

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21
Q

What are proxemics?

A

Rules about the appropriate use of personal space

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22
Q

What is body appearance?

A

Expressions based on alterations to our body

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23
Q

What is body positioning and movement?

A

Expressions based on how our body appears

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24
Q

What is paralanguage?

A

Clues to identify or emotions contained in our voices

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25
Q

How many muscles does the face have?

A

43

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26
Q

How many configurations can it make?

A

10,000

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27
Q

What is the facial feedback hypothesis?

A

The movement of our facial muscles can trigger corresponding emotions

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28
Q

What is stress?

A

The physiological responses that occur when an organism fails to respond appropriately to emotional or physical threats

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29
Q

Stage 1 of General Adaption Syndrome

A

General alarm reaction: Release of stress hormones

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30
Q

Stage 2 of General Adaption Syndrome

A

Resistence: Body attempts to return to normal functions, glucose levels and blood pressure increases

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31
Q

Stage 3 of General Adaption Syndrome

A

Exhaustion: Body runs out of reserve energy, blood sugar decreases and the body’s organs begin to fail

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32
Q

What is the HPA axis?

A

A physiological response to stress involving interactions among the hypothalamus, the pituitary, and the adrenal glands

33
Q

What is ACTH?

A

A stress hormone that releases sugars into the blood, helping prepare the body to respond to threat

34
Q

What are the biological effects of stress?

A

Increases cardiac output and reduces the ability of the blood vessels to conduct blood through the arteries

35
Q

What is the fight or flight response?

A

An emotional and behavioral reaction to stress that increases the readiness for action

36
Q

What is the tend and befriend response?

A

A behavioral reaction to stress that involves activities designed to create social networks that provide protection from threats

37
Q

Self efficacy

A

The belief in our ability to carry out actions that produce desired outcomes

38
Q

Direct effects of social support

A

Having people to rely on and trust

39
Q

Appreciation effects of social support

A

Feeling good about ourselves

40
Q

Two areas in the hypothalamus important to eating

A

Lateral and the ventromedial

41
Q

What does the Lateral do?

A

Cues us to start eating

42
Q

What does the ventromedial do?

A

Cues us to stop eating

43
Q

What is glucose?

A

The main sugar the body uses for energy

44
Q

What regulates glucose?

A

Insulin

45
Q

What hormones (other than glucose and insulin) affect appetite?

A

Orexin, ghrelin, and leptin

46
Q

What does the basal metabolic rate determine?

A

Weight

47
Q

What is the basal metabolic rate?

A

The amount of energy expended while at rest

48
Q

What is anorexia nervosa?

A

An eating disorder characterized by extremely low body weight, distorted body image, and an obsessive fear of gaining weight

49
Q

What is bulimia nervosa?

A

An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging

50
Q

What are effects of eating disorders?

A

Low self esteem, perfectionism, and skewed perceptions of weight

51
Q

What is obesity?

A

A medical condition in which so much excess body fat has accumulated in the body that it begins to have an adverse impact on health

52
Q

What calculates obesity?

A

BMI

53
Q

What does motivation emphasize?

A

Needs, desires, and mental calculations that lead to goal directed behavior

54
Q

What did Darwin say about expression of feelings?

A

We all express certain feelings in the same way

55
Q

What did James note?

A

Nearly every description of emotions emphasized bodily changes

56
Q

What was Arnold’s theory

A

Emotions can be analyzed into a series of stages

57
Q

Arnold Stage 1

A

Perceive an item or event

58
Q

Arnold Stage 2

A

Appraisal

59
Q

Arnold Stage 3

A

Bodily change

60
Q

Arnold Stage 4

A

Emotion

61
Q

Arnold Stage 5

A

Action

62
Q

Drive reduction theory

A

An organism will act in a random or habitual manner to meet its needs

63
Q

The goal or incentive in drive reduction theory must have two qualities

A
  1. Has to meet need

2. Has to recognize that it meets the need

64
Q

Whose experiment contradicted drive reduction theory?

A

Harry and Margaret Harlow

65
Q

What are the 4 levels of needs in the Hierarchy of needs

A
  1. Fundamental needs
  2. Psychological needs
  3. Self actualization needs
  4. Self transcendence needs
66
Q

What are the two categories within the fundamental needs category?

A
  1. Body needs

2. Security and safety

67
Q

What are the two categories within the psychological needs category?

A
  1. Love and belonging

2. Esteem

68
Q

What are the qualities of self actualization?

A

Found your unique potential, good sense of humor, problem focused, always learning

69
Q

What are the qualities of self-transcendence?

A

Moving away from self to help others

70
Q

What are physiological motives?

A

Hunger, thirst, rest, sex

71
Q

What three kinds of information are interpreted in hunger?

A

Stomach sounds, low blood sugar, and body temperature

72
Q

Obese people tend to respond to____cues and healthy people respond to____cues

A

External, internal

73
Q

How many needs did Henry Murray identify in his personality theory?

A

16

74
Q

Who found a way to measure achievement?

A

David McClelland

75
Q

What is the TAT test?

A

Thematic Apperception Test: subject views series of picture and makes up stories

76
Q

What are qualities of high achievers?

A

Focused on people who will help them succeed, not artistic, insensitive, low risk takers, moderate goals

77
Q

Who discovered women’s motive to avoid success?

A

Martina Horner

78
Q

What is Yerkes Dodson’s law?

A

The relationship between task difficulty and arousal level: the more difficult a task, the more arousal

Psychology (5 decks)

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