Chapter 8.3

Question 1

Cognitive Biases

Answer 1

Errors in memory or judgment that are caused by the inappropriate use of cognitive processes.

Question 2

Source Monitoring

Answer 2

The ability to accurately identify the source of a memory

Question 3

Sleeper Effect

Answer 3

Attitude change that occurs over time when we forget the source of our information.

Question 4

Confirmation bias

Answer 4

Tendency to verify and confirm our existing memories rather than to challenge and disconfirm them.

Question 5

Functional fixedness

Answer 5

When people’s schemas prevent them from using an object in new and untraditional ways.

Question 6

Misinformation effect

Answer 6

Errors in memory that occur when new information influences existing memories

Question 7

Overconfidence

Answer 7

Tendency for people to be too certain about their ability to accurately remember events and to make judgments.

Question 8

Flashbulb memory

Answer 8

A vivid and emotional memory of an unusual event that people believe they remember very well.