Unit two: The Instruction Book of life

Question 1

wich 3 scientists were involved in the discovery of DNA

Answer 1

Watson, Crick, and Franklin

Question 2

The human body

Answer 2

-contains 100 trillion cells working together in a complex symphony of interactions.
-everyone of these cells contain the human genome

Question 3

the intestines

Answer 3

The intestines are used to duck things up.
-there are many different types of cells in the body each having its own function
-each cell has the same DNA

Question 4

The cells

Answer 4

used as gastrulation
-exact copies of the parent cells
-cells differentiate or specialize
-everything is made up of cells

Question 5

The nucleus

Answer 5

the nucleus is where DNA is located.
- it is a sphere-like structure separated from the rest of the cell by a membrane
-the nucleus is the cells control center
-watches over reproduction,metabolism an growth

Question 6

the human genome

Answer 6

2 sets of 23 chromosomes coming together from a set from each parent

Question 7

how many genes are in a genome

Answer 7

about 70,000

Question 8

the chromosomes

Answer 8

in their most compacted state- most visible at this point

Question 9

the genes

Answer 9

-makes a certain kind of protein
-genes determine specific traits you might have such as eye colour hair color and the way your body is built

Question 10

list three examples of genes that you get from your parents

Answer 10

-Hair color
-eye colour
- the way you share built
whether your earlobes are connected or disconnected

Question 11

chromatin

Answer 11

the mix of protein and DNA
-helical coiling
-lots of DNA in the nucleus

Question 12

the double helix

Answer 12

-DNA without all of the proteins that organize it into chromatin
resembles a twisted ladder

Question 13

the nucleotide

Answer 13

-the sides of the DNA ladder that consists of a long string of sugar and phosphate molecules to which the bases are attached
-each sugar-phosphate base combination is called a nucleotide
- made of sugar and phosphate with a nitrogen base

Question 14

what does DNA stand for

Answer 14

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 15

what does RNA stand for

Answer 15

ribonucleic acid

Question 16

what is the location of DNA

Answer 16

the nucleus

Question 17

Location of RNA

Answer 17

-nucleus and ribosomes

Question 18

function of DNA

Answer 18

Blue print

Question 19

function of RNA

Answer 19

master copy to build the appropriate proteins for the cell

Question 20

shape of DNA

Answer 20

-left twist
-double helix

Question 21

shape of RNA

Answer 21

-single strand
-twisted

Question 22

what do A and G turn into in RNA

Answer 22

G-C
A-T

Question 23

what is a nuclide

Answer 23

the building block of DNA and RNA made of sugar phosphate and a nitrogen base

Question 24

how many pairs in a total of DNA in a human

Answer 24

3 million

Question 25

what percentage of DNA do bananas and humans share

Answer 25

50 percent

Question 26

semi-conservative

Answer 26

both old and new strands of DNA combining

Question 27

parent strand

Answer 27

the leading and lagging strand

Question 28

daughter strand

Answer 28

the newly synthesized protein strand made after DNA replication

Question 29

Okazaki fragments

Answer 29

the short lengths of DNA that are produced by the discontinuous replication of the lagging strand.

Question 30

replication fork

Answer 30

The point at which the two strands of DNA are separated to allow replication of each strand.

Question 31

double helix

Answer 31

a term used to describe the physical structure of DNA.

Question 32

lagging strand

Question 33

leading strand

Question 34

5 - 3'

Answer 34

direction they move

Question 35

cell divsision

Answer 35

the process of making new body or sex cells

Question 36

mitosis

Answer 36

the process of making new body cells

Question 37

chromosomes

Answer 37

A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell. A chromosome is made up of proteins and DNA organized into genes. Each cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes.

Question 38

cancer

Answer 38

Cancer refers to any one of a large number of diseases characterized by the development of abnormal cells that divide uncontrollably and have the ability to infiltrate and destroy normal body tissue.

Question 39

metastasis

Answer 39

The spread of cancer cells from the place where they first formed to another part of the body.

Question 40

mutation

Answer 40

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell. Mutations may be caused by mistakes during cell division, or they may be caused by exposure to DNA-damaging agents in the environment.

Question 41

angiogenesis

Answer 41

Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels.

Question 42

DNA fingerprinting

Answer 42

DNA fingerprinting is a laboratory technique used to determine the probable identity of a person based on the nucleotide sequences of certain regions of human DNA that are unique to individuals.

Question 43

mutation causing down syndrome

Answer 43

3 copies of chromosome 21 - 47XX+21

Question 44

mutation causing patau's syndrome

Answer 44

3 copies of chromosome 13 - 47XX+13

Question 45

mutation causing Edwards syndrome

Answer 45

3 copies in chromosome 18 - 47XX+18

Question 46

mutation causing turners syndrome

Answer 46

one copy of the X is missing or changed 45xo

Question 47

mutation causing Klinefelter syndrome

Answer 47

an additional X chromosome- 47XXY- male

Question 48

what does nature need to be successful

Answer 48

variation

Question 49

the 4 types of chromosomal mutations

Answer 49

deletion-removing a piece insertion- adding a piece inversion- swapping places translation-swapping DNA with another chromosome

Question 50

why are mutations necessary

Answer 50

allows others to live while others die off- biodiversity

Question 51

define three types of diversity

Answer 51

genetic-genetic variations or differences between people species-a variety among the species ecosystem- the variety of forests, grasslands wetlands,- environment suitable for living things

Question 52

meiosis

Answer 52

sex cells that are different sperm and egg cells- crossing over

Question 53

what is an ammnioncetisis

Answer 53

the best time to analyze for chromosome mistakes during pregnancy

Question 54

role of helicase

Answer 54

enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds allowing DNA to split

Question 55

role of polymerase

Answer 55

enzyme that finds matching bases and bonds them together

Question 56

role of ligase

Answer 56

enzym that links fragments to from a seamless strand

Question 57

what is splitting during the process of DNA replication

Answer 57

hydrogen bonds

Question 58

what are clones

Answer 58

exact copies with identical DNA- how all cells except sex cells are made

Question 59

reason for DNA replication

Answer 59

repair and growth - results in a new cell