Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP Psych > Unit Two (Sensation + Perspective) > Flashcards

Unit Two (Sensation + Perspective) Flashcards

1
Q

Sensation

A

Process of receiving a stimulus from the external environment that activates a receptor-how one gathers info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Perception

A

Our interpretation of sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Psychophysics

A

Study of the relationship between sensory experiences and physical stimuli that cause them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Transduction

A

How stimulus info is transformed into electrochemical energy-info sent to appropriate area in the cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sensory Adaptation

A

Loss of responsiveness in receptor cells after stimulation has remained constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stimulus

A

An aspect of change in the environment that a person reacts to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bottom-up Processing

A

Sensory analysis that begins at the entry level, with information flowing from the sensory receptors to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Top-down Processing

A

Information processing by when we construct perceptions by filtering information through our experiences and expectations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Threshold

A

What is the least amount of stimulus needed to create a reaction?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Absolute Threshold

A

Weakest amount of stimulus that can be detected half of the time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Difference Threshold

A

Smallest difference in stimulation that can be detected between two stimuli 50% of the time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Weber’s Law

A

Size of JND (just noticeable difference) is proportional to the intensity of the stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Signal Detection Theory (SDT)

A

Predicts how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) among background stimulation (noise)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Selective Attention

A

Focusing on a specific aspect of your experience while ignoring others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cocktail Party Effect

A

Picking out familiar voices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pre-attentive Process

A

Unconsciously obtaining info from our environment, our brain filters out what “isn’t important”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Attentive Process

A

Focusing on a certain stimuli purposefully and processing that info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Subliminal Messages

A

Stimuli below the absolute threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Path of Light Into the Eye

A

Enters through the cornea, passes through the pupil, iris controls the amount of light that passes into the eye, then the image is inverted on your retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Path of Light Into the Eye Part 2

A

Axons of the ganglion cells that make up the optic nerve send info to the thalamus, optic nerve is divided in two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Optic Chiasma

A

Where the optic nerves cross

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Trichromatic Theory

A

Three types of cones for blue, red, and green which combined create all colors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Dichromatic Color Blindness

A

Cannot perceive red green or blue yellow shades

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Dichromats

A

People with two types of cones and color blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Trichromats
People with three cones and normal vision
26
Opponent Process Theory
Sensory receptors (bipolar/ganglion cells) arranged in the retina come in pairs: red/green, yellow/blue, black/white pairs, if one fires, the other won’t
27
Prosopagnosia
Can’t recognize faces or facial expressions
28
Organ of Corti
Neurons activated by movement of hair cells, that transmit impulses to the brain through the auditory nerve
29
Volley Principle
For high frequency sounds a cluster of neurons can produce a volley of impulses that exceed the individual limit
30
Place Theory
Theory of hearing, our perception of sound depends on where each component frequency produces vibrations along the basilar membrane
31
Conduction Deafness
Blocking of waves to the eardrum
32
Sensorineural Deafness
Damage to the auditory nerve
33
Smell (Olfaction)
Not routed to the thalamus, but directly to the olfactory bulb (via olfactory nerve) in the brain
34
Olfactory Epithelium
In the roof of the nasal cavity, receptor cells for smell
35
Pheromones
Allow animals to mark areas, signal sexual receptivity, danger boundaries and food sources
36
Taste (Gustation)
Aided by papillae, the bumps on the tongue which contain taste buds, perceived in the gustatory cortex of the frontal lobe
37
Supertasters
Born with more taste buds for bitter tastes
38
Touch (Pressure)
Skin senses are connected to the somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes
39
Temperature
Thermoreceptors allow us to determine temperature – two types, one for hot and one for cold
40
Pathways of Pain
Pain receptors spread widely around the body, fast myelinated fibers deliver most info to the brain, slow unmyelinated fibers for nagging and throbbing pain
41
Gate Control Theory of Pain
Spinal column has a neural gate that can be opened and closed to stop pain
42
Vestibular Sense
Provides info on body position, motion, and posture in relation to gravity
43
Semicircular Canals
Three tubes in the inner ear that detect head motion and help us keep balance
44
Kinesthetic Sense
Keeps track of body parts in relation to each other
45
Feature Detectors
Cells in the cortex that specialize in extracting certain features of stimuli
46
Perceptual Constancy
Recognition that objects stay the same even if we change position or lighting etc.
47
Depth Perception
Our ability to judge distance
48
Binocular Depth Cues
Depends on both eyes
49
Convergence
Eyes turn inward to see close objects
50
Retinal Disparity
The change in the image between our two eyes
51
Linear Perspective
How roads and tracks seem to converge in the distance
52
Interposition
When two objects overlap, the one we see completely is closer
53
Atmospheric Perspective
Fewer perceivable details with greater distances
54
Relative Motion/Motion Parallax
Nearby objects seem to be moving toward you (faster), but the distant objects seem to be moving your direction (slower)
55
Figure Ground Relationship
Being able to tell the difference between an item and its background
56
Gestalt
Experience gained from organization of bits of info into meaningful wholes, greater than the sum of each part
57
Closure
Seeing incomplete figures as wholes by supplying missing segments, filling in the gaps, and making inferences about potentially hidden objects
58
Laws of Perceptual Grouping
Explain how the brain organizes stimuli elements together
59
Perceptual Set
Predisposition or readiness to perceive something in a particular way
60
Apparent Motion
Perception that a stationary object is moving
61
Stroboscopic Motion
Illusion of rapid movement when different parts of the retina are stimulated (ie movies)
62
Movement After Effects
Illusion created when watching continuous movement and looking at a stationary object which then appears to move

AP Psych (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions