Unit Two Grammer Flashcards

1
Q

一体+question か

A

I have no idea/what, why, how on earth

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2
Q

一体全体

A

いったいぜんたい 

expresses stronger disbelief

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3
Q

一体~か
1.財布がない!一体どこでなくしたんだろう
2.ジボー先生が一体何を考えているのか、全くわからない。

A

I don’t have my wallet! I wonder where on earth I lost it?

I have no idea what on earth Jibou sensei is thinking。

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4
Q

AさえBばC 

A

only if A do/does/is/are B, then C can/will happen

in order for C to happen, then A needs to be B

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5
Q

Vますstem+さえ+すれば・しなければ
1.インスタントラーメンはお湯を入れさえすれば、食べられる。
Vて+さえ+すれば・しなければ
1.道が込んでさえしなければ、大学まで十分で来られる。

A

Note: you can use masu-stem or te-form for verbs+さえ

  1. you can only eat instant ramen if you put in boiling water
  2. I can only come to school in 10 minutes if the streets aren’t crowded/busy.
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6
Q

いadjく+さえ+あれば
なadjで+さえ+あれば
Nで+さえ+あれば

  1. 交通が便利でさえあれば、キャンベラはもっと休みやすい。
A

‘as long as X is N/adj’

1.Canberra will be an easy place to live if public transport was convenient.

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7
Q

Nさえあれば

A

‘as long as ~have N’

*This is different to Nでさえあれば

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8
Q

Nさえ+
Vば・いadjければ・なadjなら・Nなら

1.住所さえわかれば、一人でいけます。

A

as long as ~have N’/’if only’

  1. as long as I know the address, I can go by myself
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9
Q

今城先生にお金さえあげると、合格できます

Why is this sentence WRONG?

A
  • you cannot use と instead of ば when using さえ

- however, たら・なら may be used instead, however it will not mean ONLY

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10
Q

まるでV1(た・る)ようにV2/Adj

1.彼女はまるで母国語を話すように日本語を話します。

A

X does V2 or is Adj, just like V1

1.she speaks Japanese as though it is her mother tongue.

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11
Q

まるでV(ている・た・る)ようなN

1.まるでテストに落ちたような顔つきをしている。

A

N seems to be V-ing/ed

  1. it looks as if (he) failed the test
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12
Q

N1まるでN2のような

A

N1 looks like N2

*まるで is optional here

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13
Q

この授業は他の授業とまるで違う。

What does まるで mean in this sentence?

A

“This class is completely different from the other classes”

*まるで can mean completely/

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14
Q

キャンベラは田舎過ぎて、ここの生活はまるで私に合わない。

what does まるで mean in this sentence?

A

“because Canberra is too much of a country-town, the lifestyle does match me at all”

まるで (with negative) means Not at all/ never

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15
Q

いかに+plain form+か

A

used to talk about the degree of X. ‘how~’

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16
Q

いかにたくさん勉強するかが、漢字テストの点にちょくせつ関係している。

A

how much you study is directly related to your score in the kanji test

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17
Q

どんなに~か・どれほど~か

when can these expressions be used?

A

Same as いかに~か, when talking about degree

ジボー先生がどんなに・どれほど優しい先生か、話してみたら、すぐにわかります。
you will understand how much of a kind teacher Jibou is when you try to speak with him.

18
Q

どのくらい~か

A

used when talking about quantity

19
Q

いかにも

A

precisely
カンニング?彼なら、いかにもしそうなことだね。
Cheating? if it’s him, that’s precisely something he’d do.

20
Q

V(る)わけにはいかない

1.今日は車で来たから、これ以上飲むわけにはいかない。

A

when used with ru/dictionary form, わけにはいかない means ‘cannot do’/ ‘not possible to’

  1. because I came today by car, I cannot drink this much.
21
Q

V(ない)わけにはいかない

1.テストは明日だから、今日勉強しないわけにはいかない。

A

when used with negative form, わけにはいかない means ‘must do’/ ‘no choice but to’
-this is because of the double negative

  1. because I have a test tomorrow I have to study
22
Q

何年もピアノを習っているけれど、まだまだショパンのような難しい曲は弾くわけにはいかない。

Why is this sentence incorrect?

A

you cannot use わけにはいかない with a reason which relates to your ability/skill
-instead, you should use the potential form

わけにはいかない must be used with a reason which is an external circumstance
eg. 先週、隣の人に「静かに!」と言われたばかりなので、夜ピアノを弾くわけにはいかない。

23
Q

V(る)+しかない

A

used when you have no choice but to do something.

24
Q

ほぼ+ますstem+かかる

1.このユニットの文法説明も、ほぼ終わりかかっている。

A

‘almost finished doing’/ ‘almost completely’
expresses when an action is almost complete

  1. I’ve almost finished this unit’s grammar explanations
25
Q

だいたい・ほとんど

can these replace ほぼ

A

yes

26
Q

if you ommit ほぼ, and just have Vますstem+かかる・かける, what does this mean?

A

without ほぼ it means ‘on the point of doing’/ ‘be about to’
今朝、ジボー先生の自転車に ひかれかけた。
I was almost run over by my teachers’ bicycle
*only かかる without ほぼ can mean ‘just about to start’

27
Q

V(る・ない・ている)+限り
い・くない + 限り
な・ではない+ 限り
Nである・ではない+ 限り

A

‘as long as a certain condition is met’/ ‘to the extent

28
Q

夕方6時までに帰って来る限り、出かけてもいいですよ。

A

as long as you are back before 6 o’clock, it is ok for you to go out

29
Q

私の知る限り、その本はまだ日本語に訳されていません。

A

to the extent of my knowledge, this book hasn’t been translated into Japanese yet.
-in this case, 限る means ‘to the extent’

30
Q

もっと勉強しない限り、テストでA取れない
しょう。
when used with a negative 限り does not mean ‘as long as’. What does it mean?

A

it means ‘unless’.

1. unless you study more, you can’t receive an A on your test.

31
Q
ジボー先生が来ない(うち・間)は授業が始められません。
unless Jibou sensei isn't here, the class cannot start
A

間and うち can be used in a similar context to 限り

32
Q

Nに関する限り

A

a set expression which conveys, ‘as far as N is concerned’
文法に関する限り、あなたの作文は良くかけています。でも結論がない。
as far as your grammar is concerned, your composition was written well, but there was no conclusion.

33
Q

出来る限り・できるだけ

A

an expression which means, ‘as much as possible
出来る限り、早くお返事を下さいね。
please give me a reply as early as possible

34
Q

そのじこは運転手の不注意によって起こった。

what is the function of によって

A

this accident was caused because of the carelessness of the driver.
によって here functions as a reason/cause

35
Q

彼らは話し合いによって、仲直りました。

what is the function of によって

A

they reconciled through discussion.

によって here functions as means/by/through

36
Q

により+V

そのじこは運転手の不注意により引き起こされた。

A

more formal than によって

37
Q

東京まで電車によって行った。

why is this wrong?

A

you cannot use によって when the means is simple or common. should use で instead

38
Q

あのレストランは曜日によって、メニューが違う。

what is the function of によって

A

depending on the day, the menu is different at this restaurant.
によって can express dependency

39
Q

電話はベルによって発明されました。

what is the function of によって

A

marker of the agent in a passive sentence

40
Q

「XはまるでNのようにV」

A

‘X does V just like N’.