Unit One Grammer

Question 1

何とか

1．いつもの電車に何とか間に合った。

Answer 1

manage to do/ barely manage to

１．i somehow managed to catch my usual train

Question 2

テストは0点だったけれど、ジボー先生にいいプレゼントをあげたので、なんとかWJCに合格ごうかくできた。

how does 何とか function here?

Answer 2

*when used with できる, 何とか always functions as barely.
Even though I got 0 on the test, I (barely)
managed to pass WJC because I gave Gibeau sensei nice present

Question 3

いつもの電車に何とかして間に合わないと、しけんに遅れてしまう。

how does 何とか function here?

Answer 3

*in this case, なんとか functions as ‘somehow or other’

if I don’t manage to catch my usual train, I will be late.

Question 4

マーク何とか先生

how does 何とか function here?

Answer 4

*何とか can be used to indicate ‘something or other’

teacher Mark somebody or other

Question 5

何とか・やっと・かろうじて　ｖｓ　どうにか

Answer 5

it is more common to use どうにか for ‘somehow’, and the other three for ‘barely’.

Question 6

この道は狭いけれど、この小さい車なら、通れると思う。

how does 何とか function here?

Answer 6

＊barely

The road is narrow but I think I can just scrape through with this small car.

Question 7

何とかこの作文を一週間で終えなくてはなら
い。
how does 何とか function here?

Answer 7

＊somehow

I must find a way to finish this essay in one week somehow

Question 8

人がなんとか言うかもしれないけれど、気にしないでいいよ

how does 何とか function here?

Answer 8

*something or other

Though people might say something or other you shouldn’t pay any mind to it

Question 9

～などと、（言われる）

Answer 9

to be teased by saying something as

*note, if the verb which follows is passive, it often indicates that the speaker does not like it

Question 10

なぞ and なんで

are these formal or informal equivalents of などと

Answer 10

formal

Question 11

悪魔などと言われても、生徒の日本語上達じょうたつのためにきびしくします。

Answer 11

Even if I am teased by being called something like akuma (devil), I will be strict for students to improve their Japanese.

Question 12

よほど～ないと・なくては・ない限り

Answer 12

this means that in order to achieve something, it is required to do something to a considerable degree.
‘unless’/ ‘really’

Question 13

what is the formation for Nouns when using よほど～ないと?

Answer 13

よほどのNがないと~

Question 14

what is the formation for Na adjectives when using よほどないと？

Answer 14

Na-adj（で・じゃ）ないと、

Question 15

よほどのことがないと・なければ・ない限り
What does this set expression mean?

1. よほどのことが{ないと/なければ/ない限り}、ジボー先生は授業を休みません

Answer 15

• ‘except for some extraordinary reason/ extreme circumstance’
  1. Unless some extreme circumstance occurs, Gibeau sensei won’t cancel the class

Question 16

よほど～ないと

1. この難しいテストは、よほど勉強しないと、100点は取れないと思います

Answer 16

’unless’

1. I think you won’t be able to get 100 in this difficult test unless you study a lot.

Question 17

その上・されに

１．彼は優しくて、その上金持ちだ。

Answer 17

these can replace しかも

1. not only is he kind, but he’s also rich

Question 18

USING ADVERBS WITH しかも

忍者は静かに、しかも素早く動ける。

Answer 18

1. ninja’s move not only quietly, but quickly.

Question 19

A際A際に（は）B

FORMATION:
Vる・た
Nの
この・その

Answer 19

when A happens, B happens

• 際 tends to be used for the public announcement.
• cannot be used with negative forms

Question 20

what is the difference between 際に and 際には？

Answer 20

際に is used for one-off experiences, and 際には is used for something which might repeat

eg.
キャンベラに転勤する際に、妻子は日本に残した。
(When I transferred to Canberra, I left my wife and children behind in Japan.)

長距離を走る際には、準備運動が必要だ。
(When you run long-distance, you need to do warmup exercises.)

Question 21

図書館に行った際、本を三冊借りた

why is this wrong

Answer 21

you cannot use 際 for something common/ normal