Unit Two Essay Questions Flashcards
The Spokane police department is asking you for advice on how to better investigate crimes
that largely rely on eyewitness testimony. Please identify and explain 4 factors discussed in
class that influence eyewitness identification and then provide 3 specific suggestions for
how the police should investigate crimes to reduce the chance of misidentification. One of
your factors or suggestions needs to be explicitly connected to a reading or podcast. Then
discuss 3 examples from the Ronald Cotton case that supports your discussion.
FACTORS:
1. misinformation
2. the type of lineup
3. cross race identification
4. weapon focus
SUGGESTIONS:
1. not adding any information the witness did not bring up themselves (the jacket)
2. using a sequential lineup with no photo array
3. assure the witness that if the suspect is not in the lineup, they don’t have to choose one
CASE CONNECTION:
1. the police affirmed her decisions
2. they did a simultaneous lineup
3. she felt unsure and pressured to make a decision
- Please explain how we forget information by discussing the three current theories of
forgetting we discussed in class. Your explanation should include: comparing and
contrasting the three current theories, identifying and describing relevant terms, identifying
and explaining the neuroscience explanation for each theory, and providing an example for
each theory.
- decay theory
- intentional forgetting
- interference theory
- Please develop a detailed study plan that incorporates the most effective theories of
encoding, effective retrieval, and current metacognitive concepts discussed in class and the
reading and podcast. Your plan and explanation should demonstrate you understand, can
explain, and can apply the relevant cognitive concepts. Your plan should include at least 4
concepts, and one of your concepts need to include a concept directly mentioned in a
reading or podcast.
STUDY PLAN
1. make flashcards to encode memory once (self generating questions)
2. assess learning when going through the cards
3. control learning by reviewing ones you don’t know
4. have others test your knowledge
5. teach someone as a final test of your knowledge
- Discuss and compare the modal model’s concept of short-term memory with Baddeley’s
model of working memory. Then explain how one measures both and which is a more
successful construct and why.
MODAL MODEL OF MEMORY
- Using what we discussed in class, explain what Craik & Lockhart proposed in their depth of
processing model of encoding. Then explain what Morris, Bransford and Franks proposed
with when they studied the importance of “how” context between encoding and retrieval.
After explaining the different ideas proposed by these groups of researchers, use the details
from lecture to describe and discuss the experiment that Morris, Bransford and Franks
(1977) did to test these differing ideas. Make sure to explain what each group of
researchers would predict, identify specific variables, and explain why they used the
methodology they did. Then explain what the study found, and which idea the findings
supported.
CRAIK AND LOCKHEART
1. memory is a byproduct of understanding
2. deeper processing and encoding is better for memory
MORRIS, BRANSFORD, AND FRANKS
1. what: the cue
2. where: matching contexts at encoding and retrieval
3. how: having a similar state of mind or thinking about something in the same way will give btter memory
-study: having participants either look at words rhyming or what they mean- then they either took a matching or mismatching test. matching test did better
-you should study in the same way you are going to be tested in
- Retrieval of memories are more successful when people are in a similar context at encoding
and retrieval. Please identify and discuss the three types of context that can match and
discuss at least 2 studies that tested the importance of context matching. For these studies
make sure to include what participants did, the independent variables, the findings, and the
conclusions. Then using the memory podcast critique the idea. Finally, provide a specific
study application that would be most likely to improve test performance.
drunk and sober matching contexts study
on land and under water context matching study
