Packet Five: Long Term Memory Flashcards
why is the concept of memory bigger than just our past?
memory is information from the past that shapes our present and future
-who we are today is a collection of our memories
encoding
getting information from the short term memory into long term memory
what does the modal model say are the best ways to encode?
- rehearsal
- chunking
what does the depth of process model are the best ways to encode?
- self relevant effect
- self generating
who came up with the depths of processing approach?
- craik and lockhart came up with the ides
- craik and tulving ran the study to test it
what are the two assumptions about memory we have to make for the depth of processing approach?
- memory is a byproduct of understanding
-this is a critique of the idea that we have to rehearse to remember something - deeper processing and encoding are better for memory
-this happens when we assign meaning to something or make connections between ideas
what are the three things required to have a useful long term memory
- encoding: getting information into long term memory
- consolidation: making it stick in long term memory
- retrieval: getting the memory back out to use it
who came up with the idea of the depth of processing approach?
craik and lockheart
who performed the study to investigate the depth of processing approach?
craik and tulving
what is forgetting?
failure to retrieve an encoded memory
what are the three theories of forgetting?
- decay theory
- intentional forgetting
- interference theory
what is decay theory?
an unused memory will fade or decay over time if it is not used
what is intentional forgetting theory?
we can purposely forget unneeded memories to make room for new ones
-two step list forgetting and remembering study
what is interference theory?
the old memories are still there, we just cannot get to them
what are the two kinds of interference?
- retroactive interference
- proactive interference
retroactive interference
a blockage by a memory encountered AFTER the target memory
proactive interference
a blockage by a memory encountered BEFORE the target memory
what is amnesia?
abnormal forgetting often due to brain damage or trauma
what are the two kinds of amnesia?
- retrograde amnesia
- anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
still able to encode new long term memories but can not reach old long term memories
-could be all long term memories or just some
anterograde amnesia
unable to encode new long term memories
-could have old long term memories or not
what are the two kinds of memory distortion?
- a memory is changed
- a false memory is encoded
how are our memories organized?
by meaning and connections to other memories
what is the source memory
the origin or context of a memory
-the first part of the memory to degrade
-easily distorted
what issue often comes from a source memory distortion?
confusing reality with imagination or dreams
-i broke a toothpick study
misinformation effect
when we are exposed to false information, a false memory can be formed
-smash vs hit study
flashbulb memories
a very vivid memory of an emotional or surprising event
-characterized by imagery
what is the issue with flashbulb memories?
we are typically very confident that our flashbulb memories are very accurate, when they are usually not
