Unit Two Flashcards
What were (3) characteristics of the Progressive Mind?
Response to problems of Gilded Age: industrialization, big business, political corruption, social conditions
Reliance on authority of government, caused its expansion and gain of power
Leadership role of middle class professionals.
How is populism similar to progressivism?
How is populism different?
How is progressivism different?
Both worried about industrial society, big business.
Populism was narrow movement, rural, provincial, unsuccessful.
Progressivism was broad reform effort, urban, middle class, nationwide, successful.
What is a Muckraker?
Who was the original Muckraker? What did he write first, and eventually publish?
Who was his female counterpart?
What did the Muckrakers end up doing?
What else did Muckrakers influence?
Magazine reporters
Lincoln Steffens, “Tweed Days in St Louis.”, exposing the corruption of city bosses. he then published “The Shame of the Cities,” gather all his essays in a novel.
Ida Tarbell, “History of the Standard Oil Company.”, exposing the ruthless actions of Rockefeller.
Popularizing the progressive spirit.
Novels
What occurred on a wide scale to business and industry?
What did this cause?
Wave of consolidation and mergers, fear of monopolies
Oligopoly in many industries.
What did Henry Ford do?
assembly line, mass production., made automobiles cheeper and available to the masses, popularized assembly lines
What did Frederick Winslow Taylor write, and do?
Wrote “The Principles of Scientific Management”, revolutionized how factories were run, worked to find the most efficient and productive way, however people lost individual power in their jobs due to his methods
What were some Civil Rights concerns for African Americans (5)?
What was the first movement concerning these concerns?
What association came of this?
Who was the leading African American advocate?
segregation, voting, education, economic opportunity, violence.
Niagara movement, Meeting at Niagara Falls
NAACP, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People- to fight for these rights
W.E.B. DuBois, he edited “The Crisis”, the NAACP magazine; most active and famous voice for African American equality
What occurred in Immigration?
What types of immigrants dominated?
What occurred from this?
Where did another new group of immigrants come from.
Continuing mass immigration
New immigrants dominated (Eastern and Southern Europe)
Growing nativism, and “Americanization” attempts.
Increasing immigration from Mexico after 1910, due to its lack of stability.
What did working women do and symbolize?
Resistance against cult of domesticity, working woman as symbol of female emancipation.
What occurred to the amount of working women?
Increase in number of working women
What sort of jobs did women work in?
Service sector (domestic servants), factory, and clerical jobs.
Did women work as professionals? Were there exceptions to this rule?
Little opportunity for female professionals
Nursing, teaching
What were people’s attitudes about working women?
Continuing criticism of female employment
Who was the leader of the AFL, what were they doing?
AFL with Samuel Gompers, largest union.
Conservative, devoted to skilled craftsmen
What union organized women?
What was one of their strikes?
What disaster followed the strike?
What occurred because of this disaster?
WTUL, Women’s Trade Union League, 1903.
Strike at Triangle Shirtwaist Company, 1909, demand weren’t met
Triangle Fire killed 146 employees, 1911.
Government started to implement changes
What union organized all workers (not the Knights)?
Who founded this, what strikes did they organize, what was important about him?
What was their ultimate goal?
What type of strike did they want to organize?
What important disaster follow one of their strikes?
IWW, Industrial Workers of the World,
Founder William “Big Bill” Haywood helped organize Paterson and Lawrence strikes, he was a radical socialist
Goal was to unite all workers, overthrow capitalism.
General strike, all workers stop working
Ludlow Massacre, 1914, 20 people died in attack on Colorado mine workers. The workers went on strike, and were evicted from company housing (part of strike reason), and made tent cities, the troops attacked these.
Who ran the Ashcan School?
What were they?
What did they paint?
Robert Henri, painter and art teacher.
Urban realist.
Unidealized view of city life, working class, slums, back alleys.
What did new feminists do?
Women rebelled against traditional roles of sexual behavior.
Who ran the birth control movement?
What was her job?
What book did she wright, and what’d she advocate for?
What important system she open?
What organization did she form?
Margaret Sanger led birth control movement
Nurse on Lower East Side, heard lots of complaints over lack of birth control
Woman Rebel, feminist, free speech advocate.
Opened first American birth control clinic in Brooklyn, 1916, handed out condoms
American Birth Control League, 1921.
Where did women reformers work?
What was the most famous example?
Women reformers worked in settlement houses,they provided social services
Jane Addams’ Hull House, 1889.
What organization promoted social justice?
What was their focus?
Who was a more radical reformer, what did she do as opposed to the others, what was her ‘solgan’?
What did the growing pressure result in?
WCTU, Women’s Christian Temperance Union, promoted social justice reform.
Focus on prohibition.
Kansas leader Carrie Nation destroyed bars, saloons, instead of speaking, and saying hymns, “Smash, ladies, smash!”
18th Amendment banned alcohol, was adopted in 1919.
What was the merged organization for women’s suffrage?
Who led them?
What organization broke away from this one, who led them, and what did they do?
What was the end result?
National American Woman Suffrage Association formed, 1890.
NAWSA leader Carrie Chapman Catt, focused strictly on suffrage.
Congressional Union, National Women’s Party, Alice Paul led protests and rallies
19th Amendment, vote for women, adopted in 1920.
What did reform mayors want to do?
Reform mayors to clean up cities, corruption, prostitution. More democratic, effective local government.
What was the most famous state reformer?
What was his ‘idea’ (5)?
How did this effect other states?
Robert LaFollette, “Fighting Bob,” Wisconsin Gov., 1900.
Wisconsin Idea: RR regulation, public utilities, worker’s compensation, state income tax, direct primary (voters elect candidates)
Reforms were adopted by other states.
