UNIT TWO

Question 1

Blended families

Answer 1

Parents, children, and step-children merged into families through remarriages.

Question 2

Extended families

Answer 2

grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins living in the same household or at least in daily contact with each other.

Question 3

Distributive justice

Answer 3

Beliefs about how to divide materials or privileges fairly among members of a group–follows a sequence of development from equality to merit to benevolence.

Question 4

Hostile aggression

Answer 4

Inflicting intentional harm.

Question 5

Overt aggression

Answer 5

threats or physical attacks (as in, “I’m gonna beat you up!”)

Question 6

Relational aggression

Answer 6

involves threatening or damaging social relationships (as in, “I’m never going to speak to you again!”).

Question 7

Instrumental aggression

Answer 7

intended to gain an object or privilege, the intent is to get what you want, not to hurt a person, but the hurt might happen anyway.

Question 8

Identity

Answer 8

people’s general sense of themselves including their beliefs, emotions, values, commitments, and attitudes along with their cultural, gender, sexuality, ethnic heritage, religion, class, age, and other intersections (Wigfield et al., 2006).

Question 9

Identity achievement

Answer 9

means that after exploring the realistic options, the individual has made choices and is committed to pursuing them.

Question 10

Identity diffusion

Answer 10

occurs when individuals do not explore any options or commit to any actions. They reach no conclusions about who they are or what they want to do with their lives.

Question 11

Identity foreclosure

Answer 11

is commitment to identity without exploration.

Question 12

Moral realism

Answer 12

stage of development wherein children see rules as absolute

Question 13

Morality of cooperation

Answer 13

stage of development wherein children realize that people make rules and people can change them

Question 14

Moratorium

Answer 14

Identity crisis; suspension of choices because of a struggle

Question 15

Self-concept

Answer 15

Individual’s knowledge and beliefs about themselves–their ideas, feelings, attitudes, and expectations

Question 16

Self-esteem

Answer 16

the value each of us places on our own characteristics, abilities, and behaviors

Question 17

Crystallized intelligence

Answer 17

ability to apply culturally approved problem solving methods

Question 18

Divergent thinking

Answer 18

is the ability to propose many different ideas or answers.

Question 19

Convergent thinking

Answer 19

is the more common ability to identify only one answer.

Question 20

Emotional intelligence

Answer 20

the abilities to monitor your own and other people’s feelings, to discriminate among different feelings, and to use this information to guide your own thinking, decisions, and actions.

Question 21

Learned helplessness

Answer 21

the expectation, that based on previous experiences with a lack of control, that all of one’s efforts will lead to failure