UNIT TWO Flashcards
Blended families
Parents, children, and step-children merged into families through remarriages.
Extended families
grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins living in the same household or at least in daily contact with each other.
Distributive justice
Beliefs about how to divide materials or privileges fairly among members of a group–follows a sequence of development from equality to merit to benevolence.
Hostile aggression
Inflicting intentional harm.
Overt aggression
threats or physical attacks (as in, “I’m gonna beat you up!”)
Relational aggression
involves threatening or damaging social relationships (as in, “I’m never going to speak to you again!”).
Instrumental aggression
intended to gain an object or privilege, the intent is to get what you want, not to hurt a person, but the hurt might happen anyway.
Identity
people’s general sense of themselves including their beliefs, emotions, values, commitments, and attitudes along with their cultural, gender, sexuality, ethnic heritage, religion, class, age, and other intersections (Wigfield et al., 2006).
Identity achievement
means that after exploring the realistic options, the individual has made choices and is committed to pursuing them.
Identity diffusion
occurs when individuals do not explore any options or commit to any actions. They reach no conclusions about who they are or what they want to do with their lives.
Identity foreclosure
is commitment to identity without exploration.
Moral realism
stage of development wherein children see rules as absolute
Morality of cooperation
stage of development wherein children realize that people make rules and people can change them
Moratorium
Identity crisis; suspension of choices because of a struggle
Self-concept
Individual’s knowledge and beliefs about themselves–their ideas, feelings, attitudes, and expectations
Self-esteem
the value each of us places on our own characteristics, abilities, and behaviors
Crystallized intelligence
ability to apply culturally approved problem solving methods
Divergent thinking
is the ability to propose many different ideas or answers.
Convergent thinking
is the more common ability to identify only one answer.
Emotional intelligence
the abilities to monitor your own and other people’s feelings, to discriminate among different feelings, and to use this information to guide your own thinking, decisions, and actions.
Learned helplessness
the expectation, that based on previous experiences with a lack of control, that all of one’s efforts will lead to failure
