Unit Three - Infancy

Question 1

habituation

Answer 1

We overlook/lose interest in repeated stimulus.

Question 2

Reflex

Answer 2

Involuntary muscle reaction

Question 3

Innate

Answer 3

Instinctual natural ability

Question 4

Primary reflexes

Answer 4

Telexes that maintain oxygen supply (hiccups, sneezes, and thrashing), reflexes that maintain constant body temperature, and reflexes that manage feeding.

Question 5

Moro reflex

Answer 5

Neck unsupported, arms and fingers will curl and thrash.

Question 6

Gripping

Answer 6

Touch the palm of their hand, they will curl their fingers and grasp

Question 7

Toe curling

Answer 7

when stimulating the foot bottom, their toes will spread

Question 8

Sucking

Answer 8

Automatic sucking

Question 9

Rooting

Answer 9

Stimulating or brushing their cheek, will instinctually turn their head to face the direction and open mouth

Question 10

Stepping

Answer 10

Holding baby up. If feet are placed in level surface, they will put foot out, then the next one.

Question 11

Fencing

Answer 11

When turning their head to face one direction their arm on side they are facing sticks straight out and other arm curls with a fist.

Question 12

nutrition

Answer 12

as important after birth as before birth.

Question 13

Cephalocaudal Trend

Answer 13

The growth pattern of the infants head follows a certain pattern. A newborns head is 1/4 of its body length. A 2 year olds head is 1/5 the body length. The trending pattern for the rage of growth for the head. vs the rate of growth for body.

Question 14

Proximodistal Trend

Answer 14

The body growth occurs from the center of the body outwards to more distant extremities. Head/torso grown before arms, legs, hands and feet.

Question 15

After one month

Answer 15

2 weeks after birth - can lift head on stomach. After 4 weeks can move head side to side.

Question 16

After two months

Answer 16

Can hold head at 45 degree angle
Arm and leg movements become smoother
If held up, can put weight on legs

Question 17

After 3 months

Answer 17

Head held study
“push ups”
“good tracking” - visual development is getting stronger

Question 18

After 4 months

Answer 18

Begin to grasp for things (only gross motor skills)

Question 19

After 5 months

Answer 19

Double in birth weight
Playing with hands and feet (chewing feet/toes)
Sit propped up with pillows balancing

Question 20

Synapse

Answer 20

Space between neurons that messages are communicated through

Question 21

Cognitive Aspects of Development

Answer 21

Attention Thinking Perception (Awareness of surroundings, depth) Language Memory Sensation (interaction with environment) Learning

Question 22

Senses

Answer 22

Some newborn senses develop even before birth and mature after delivery

Question 23

Hearing

Answer 23

Begins before birth, Matures afterwards. Prefer frequency of human voice to other sounds.

Question 24

Touch/Taste/Smell

Answer 24

Matures at birth. Prefer sweet tastes.

Question 25

Vision

Answer 25

Begins before birth, matures after birth. At birth can see 8-12 inches, at 2 months can track objects as they move. At 2-4 months, colour vision develops. Preference for faves over abstracts, curves over shapes.

Question 26

Inner ear senses

Answer 26

matures after birth. infant responds to balance or lack of balance; rocks body.

Question 27

perception

Answer 27

as the different areas of the brain develop, infants are capable of greater perception to interact with their surroundings. All perceptual constance’s are present at 3 months:size, shape, brightness.

Question 28

Six Stages of Alertness

Answer 28

1) Active Crying
2) Active Sleeping
3) Drowsy walking
4) Fussing
5) Quiet alert
6) Quiet Sleep

Question 29

Jean Piaget’s 4 Stages of Cognitive Development

Answer 29

0-2 Senses
2-6 or 7 Represents the world symbolically
7-11 Concrete Operational Stage
12-Adulthood Formal Operational Stage

Question 30

Birth-1 month

Answer 30

Reflexes - sucking, grasping, stages, listening.

Question 31

1-4 months

Answer 31

Acquired adaptations - assimilation and coordinating reflexes

Question 32

4-8 months

Answer 32

Awareness of things - responding to people/objects

Question 33

8-12 months

Answer 33

New adaptation and anticipation

Question 34

12-18 months

Answer 34

Active Experimentation

Question 35

18-24 months

Answer 35

Mental combinations - considering before acting

Question 36

Scale Error

Answer 36

Visual recognition develops quickly, so objects are able to be categorized based on function. Perception develops slower, though, and will not recognize the size does not fit function.

Question 37

Categorization

Answer 37

Infants below 6 months can categorize objects in the basis of their shape, colour, angularity, location (above or below) density, relative size, and number (up to 3).