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Human Anatomy > Unit Three Exam > Flashcards

Unit Three Exam Flashcards

1
Q

When reading Overview of the Nervous System, what burns the roof of your mouth?

A

pizza

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2
Q

From the lateral ventricles, CSF next flows into the:

A

Third ventricle

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3
Q

CSF that is around the brain is found in the:

A

Subarachnoid space

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4
Q

This functional component of the nervous system consists of receptors and sensory nerves.

A

sensory input

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5
Q

The outermost of the meninges, which is a tough membrane:

A

Dura mater

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6
Q

This is the middle meningeal layer, which forms a loose brain covering:

A

Arachnoid mater

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7
Q

This division of the motor system carried information to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands:

A

autonomic

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8
Q

The motor division carries information to skeletal muscle:

A

somatic

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9
Q

The “resting and digesting” nervous system:

A

parasympathetic

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10
Q

This division of the motor system carries information to voluntary muscles:

A

somatic

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11
Q

The actions of the sympathetic nervous system include all of the following except:

A

increased digestive tract activity

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12
Q

A person is sweating, has large pupils and a rapid pulse. This means his _____ nervous system is activated.

A

sympathetic

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13
Q

You have just eaten a large meal and are now relaxing. Which nervous system will be in control?

A

parasympathetic

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14
Q

The nerves make up the:

A

PNS

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15
Q

The brain and spinal cord make up the:

A

CNS

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16
Q

Functions of the meninges include:
protect brain and spinal cord

protect blood vessels supplying the CNS

contain cerebral spinal fluid

all of the above are functions of the meninges

A

all of the above are functions of the meninges

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17
Q

This double layered membrane forms partitions in the skull, helps anchor the brain and is leather-like

A

Dura mater

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18
Q

The innermost of the meninges is very delicate and clings tightly to the brain and spinal cord:

A

Pia mater

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19
Q

The brain is floating in the watery cerebrospinal fluid. This increases buoyancy which is why the top-heavy brain doesn’t crush the brain stem and spinal cord

T OR F

A

True

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20
Q

If a needle during a spinal tap, penetrates the Pia Mater, what could be damaged?

A

Spinal cord

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21
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid is filtered from blood plasma. After circulating through the CNS, it ultimately returns to the blood via the:

A

Arachnoid villi

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22
Q

The motor division of the nervous system, which carries information away from the CNS, is also known as:

A

efferent

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23
Q

The dorsal or posterior horn contains:

A

sensory neurons

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24
Q

Motor tracts:

A

are carrying information down the spinal cord

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25
Q

The anterior or ventral horns contain:

A

motor neurons

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26
Q

The ridges of brain tissue of the cerebrum are known as:

A

Gyri

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27
Q

In the movie, You, Me & Dupree, Dupree becomes a motivational speaker who talks about finding your inner “ness”. For instance he found his inner “Dupree-ness”-his personality. This structural & functional area is located in the:

A

Cerebrum

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28
Q

These lobes are involved in processing vision information:

A

Occipital

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29
Q

A person falls and hits the back of their head, and now has difficulty with vision (or is “seeing stars”). Which lobes have been injured?

A

Occipital

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30
Q

Regulation of body temperature, heart rate, food intake, water intake, and blood pressure are functions of this region of the diencephalon:

A

Hypothalamus

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31
Q

Region of the diencephalon that contains the pineal gland:

A

Epithalamus

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32
Q

The corpus callosum is an example of this type of tract, and connects the right cerebral hemisphere with the left cerebral hemisphere:

A

commissural tract

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33
Q

White matter of the CNS consists of tracts which function like:

A

high-speed rail systems

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34
Q

Another term for visceral is:

autonomic

involuntary

both a & b

neither a nor b

A

both a & b

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35
Q

Given the mneumonic “same dave” where “Same” represents sensory/afferent and motor/efferent and “Dave” represents dorsal/afferent and ventral/efferent, select the best pairing:

Answers:
sensory neurons are in the dorsal spinal cord

sensory neurons are in the ventral spinal cord

motor neurons are in the dorsal spinal cord

motor neurons are in the ventral spinal cord

both a & d are correct

both b & c are correct

A

both a & d are correct

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36
Q

The cerebellum plays a role in:

all of the above

Answers:
maintaining posture

maintaining balance

coordinating movements

normal walking gait

all of the above

A

all of the above

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37
Q

The white matter of the cerebellum is known as the:

A

Arbor vitae

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38
Q

If a person is in a coma, their reticular activating system is not working properly.

T OR F

A

True

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39
Q

The reticular activating system works to mentally alert us, even waking us from a deep sleep if necessary.

T OR F

A

True

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40
Q

The hippocampus and amygdala are portions of the limbic system.

T OR F

A

True

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41
Q

The sense of smell sends information to the limbic system and so odors are linked to emotions.

T OR F

A

True

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42
Q

This portion of the brainstem acts as a “bridge” allowing messages to travel between the brain and the spinal cord:

A

Pons

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43
Q

The sacral plexus gives off the sciatic nerve and supplies innervation to the majority of the:

A

interneuron

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44
Q

What is the purpose of the flexor reflex?

A

to remove a body part from potential injury

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45
Q

Reflexes are voluntarily controlled.

T OR F

A

True

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46
Q

Based on your reading, the baroreceptor reflex could activate which nervous system to change blood pressure?

sympathetic, raise blood pressure

parasympathetic. lower blood pressure

sympathetic, lower blood pressure

parasympathetic, raise blood pressure

both a & b

both c & d

A

both a & b

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47
Q

An area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve is known as a:

A

dermatome

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48
Q

All spinal nerves are mixed nerves, carrying both sensory and motor information.
T OR F

A

True

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49
Q

All that other “stuff” (nerves) that isn’t the brain and spinal cord:

A

PNS

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50
Q

The best way to describe a dermatome innervated by a nerve is a _____.

A

horizontal slice

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51
Q

You just rolled your eyes while reading this question. How many cranial nerves innervate the muscles of the eye allowing this action to occur?

A

3

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52
Q

When the Doctor hits your patellar ligament with the neuro-hammer to test reflexes, which major nerve allows you to kick?

A

Femoral

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53
Q

This nerve causes constriction of the pupil, in addition to stimulating muscles that move the eyeball:

A

Oculomotor (III)

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54
Q

This cranial nerve is motor to the muscles of facial expression. If it is damaged, the person would not be able to smile.

A

Facial nerve (VII)

55
Q

Cranial nerve I, which is sensory for smell, is known as the:

A

Olfactory nerve

56
Q

This cranial nerve is sensory for hearing and balance:

A

VIII (Vestibulocochlear)

57
Q

Which nerves control muscles that move the eyeball by supplying motor information to the extraocular eye muscles?

A

III, IV and VI

58
Q

When multiple anterior rami come together to innervate a common region, a _____ is formed.

A

Plexus

59
Q

How many pairs of cervical spinal nerves do we have?

A

8

60
Q

The brachial plexus gives off the median nerve and other nerves which supply the:

A

upper limb

61
Q

This is the major nerve arising from the cervical plexus and it supplies the muscle of respiration (the diaphragm):

A

Phrenic nerve

62
Q

The sacral plexus gives off the sciatic nerve and supplies innervation to the majority of the:

A

lower limb

63
Q

For a sensation to occur, some form of stimulus must contact or stimulate a sensory receptor.

T OR F

A

True

64
Q

Which of the following can help the Auditory tube open allowing your ears to pop at high altitudes:
chewing gum

yawning

swallowing hard

all of the above

A

all of the above

65
Q

Stick your finger in the hole in your ear. You are entering the:

A

External auditory meatus

66
Q

Gently rubbing the back of your hand is _____ while pushing on the back of your hand is _____.

A

light touch, touch pressure

67
Q

The receptor organ for hearing, found in the cochlea, is known as the:

A

Organ of Corti

68
Q

The cranial nerve that carries the sound information to the brain is the:

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

:

69
Q

The receptors for smell are also known as:

A

Olfactory receptor cells

70
Q

The receptors involved in taste and smell are classified as:

A

chemoreceptors

71
Q

The crista ampullaris in the semicircular canals are involved in _____ equilibrium.

A

dynamic

72
Q

The vestibule is involved in _____ equilibrium.

A

static

73
Q

Where are the receptors for the special senses found?

A

the head

74
Q

This portion of the inner ear is involved in hearing:

A

Cochlea

75
Q

These are both found in the outer ear:

A

Pinna and External auditory canal

76
Q

The structure we commonly call “the ear”, which directs sound waves to the external auditory meatus and canal is the:

A

Pinna

77
Q

These cells are the photoreceptors and are found in the layer of the retina closest to the choroid:

A

Rods and Cones

78
Q

According to the reading, if the aqueous humor is over produced or not draining properly, too much pressure build up in the anterior segment. This causes the disease called:

A

glaucoma

79
Q

This hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland causes water to be returned to the blood rather than being lost in the urine. In other words, it “saves water”.

A

ADH

80
Q

Some hormones released by the hypothalamus (like somatostatin or dopamine) will prevent the production of anterior pituitary hormones.

T OR F

A

True

81
Q

This hormone from the hypothalamus causes the anterior pituitary gland to release TSH:

A

TRH

82
Q

This hormone from the beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas acts to lower blood glucose levels:

A

insulin

83
Q

Which of the following hormones is released from the alpha cells of the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas and acts to raise blood glucose levels?

A

glucagon

84
Q

Which hormone acts to lower blood calcium levels by causing calcium to be deposited into bones?

A

calcitonin

85
Q

Which hormone acts to raise blood calcium levels by causing calcium to be removed from bones, increasing calcium absorption and reabsorption?

A

parathyroid hormone

86
Q

The chemicals used by the nervous system to quickly carry messages are known as:

A

neurotransmitters

87
Q

The thyroid gland produces hormones that control our metabolic rate.

T OR F

A

True

88
Q

Releasing hormones produced by the hypothalamus are like _____ which are actually good for regulation of the hormone levels.

A

middle-men

89
Q

We eat a meal rich in yummy carbohydrates. The following occurs in our body:

A

we increase glucose uptake into our cells

90
Q

The hormone from the adrenal cortex that “saves Na+ and loses K+”, resulting in increased blood Na+ and decreased blood K+ levels:

A

aldosterone

91
Q

The adrenal glands are found superior to the kidneys.

T OR F

A

True

92
Q

This type of gland releases hormones into the blood and do NOT have ducts:

A

endocrine

93
Q

Growth of bones and muscles is controlled by:

A

HGH

94
Q

These 2 hormones from the anterior pituitary gland influences the gonads (ovaries and testes) to cause the production of sperm and egg and also reproductive hormones:

A

FSH and LH

95
Q

This hormone from the thyroid gland acts to strengthen bones as it causes calcium deposition into bone, resulting in a decrease in blood calcium levels:

A

calcitonin

96
Q

Both hormones of the endocrine system and neurotransmitters of the nervous system communicate messages throughout the body to maintain homeostasis.

T OR F

A

True

97
Q

Calcium is needed for proper nerve and muscle function, as well as for strong bones.

T OR F

A

True

98
Q

You forgot to eat breakfast, what hormone comes to your rescue to give you sugar for ATP stores until lunch time?

A

glucagon

99
Q

Some hormones released by the hypothalamus (like somatostatin or dopamine) will prevent the production of anterior pituitary hormones.

T OR F

A

True

100
Q

This hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland causes contractions of the uterus during childbirth and menstruation:

A

Oxytocin

101
Q

This hormone from the hypothalamus causes the anterior pituitary gland to release TSH:

A

TRH

102
Q

These types of chemical messengers are carried by the blood to a distant site where they will exert their action. They work by first binding to the receptors on target cells.

A

hormones

103
Q

This hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to chronic, long-term stress. It acts to increase blood sugar levels and decrease the inflammatory response:

A

cortisol

104
Q

Some hormones help regulate calcium balance.

T OR F

A

True

105
Q

The “resting and digesting” nervous system:

A

parasympathetic

106
Q

CSF that is around the brain is found in the:

A

Subarachnoid space

107
Q

Identify this component of the nervous system serving as the integration center.

A

brain

108
Q

The outermost of the meninges, which is a tough membrane:

A

Dura mater

109
Q

Which portion of the reflex arc is found entirely in the CNS?

A

interneuron

110
Q

You are almost done with this quiz and resort to sticking your tongue out at the screen. Which cranial nerve carries the motor information enabling this action to occur?

A

Hypoglossal

111
Q

All spinal nerves are mixed nerves, carrying both sensory and motor information.

T OR F

A

True

112
Q

L1 is considered a:

A

Lumbar spinal nerve

113
Q

This nerve, which emerges from the lumbar plexus, supplies innervation to the anterior thigh region:

A

Femoral nerve

114
Q

An area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve is known as a:

A

dermatome

115
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves do we have?

A

31 pairs

116
Q

White matter contains:

A

myelinated axons

117
Q

This deep groove separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres:

A

Longitudinal fissure

118
Q

The gray matter of the brain contains:

A

cell bodies and dendrites

119
Q

The ridges of brain tissue of the cerebrum are known as:

A

Gyri

120
Q

The reticular activating system works to mentally alert us, even waking us from a deep sleep if necessary.

T OR F

A

True

121
Q

The region of the diencephalon that is directly connected to the pituitary gland and controls the pituitary gland:

A

Hypothalamus

122
Q

This portion of the brainstem acts as a “bridge” allowing messages to travel between the brain and the spinal cord:

A

Pons

123
Q

Within the nervous system, which way is sensory information carried?

A

to the CNS

124
Q

The outermost layer of the wall of the eye, consisting of the sclera and the cornea, is the:

A

Fibrous tunic

125
Q

This structure is the reason sore throats can become middle ear infections, especially in children:

A

Auditory tube

126
Q

This gel-like material fills the posterior segment and helps to hold the retina in place:

A

vitreous humor

127
Q

The snail like structure in the inner ear that contains fluid and the receptor organ for hearing is the:

A

Cochlea

128
Q

What happens for far vision?

Pupils dilate

Lens get flatter

Ciliary muscles relax

All of the above

A

All of the above

129
Q

Your ears “pop” when we travel to higher or change altitudes. This is due to air pressure escaping the middle ear through the _____ _____ to let the tympanic membrane snap back to position.

A

Auditory tube

130
Q

The bending of light rays to bring them together at the retina is known as:

A

refraction

131
Q

These cells are the photoreceptors and are found in the layer of the retina closest to the choroid:

A

Rods and Cones

132
Q

The structure we commonly call “the ear”, which directs sound waves to the external auditory meatus and canal is the:

A

Pinna

133
Q

What is the pupil?

A

a hole in the center of the iris

Human Anatomy (5 decks)

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