Unit Three Exam Flashcards
When reading Overview of the Nervous System, what burns the roof of your mouth?
pizza
From the lateral ventricles, CSF next flows into the:
Third ventricle
CSF that is around the brain is found in the:
Subarachnoid space
This functional component of the nervous system consists of receptors and sensory nerves.
sensory input
The outermost of the meninges, which is a tough membrane:
Dura mater
This is the middle meningeal layer, which forms a loose brain covering:
Arachnoid mater
This division of the motor system carried information to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands:
autonomic
The motor division carries information to skeletal muscle:
somatic
The “resting and digesting” nervous system:
parasympathetic
This division of the motor system carries information to voluntary muscles:
somatic
The actions of the sympathetic nervous system include all of the following except:
increased digestive tract activity
A person is sweating, has large pupils and a rapid pulse. This means his _____ nervous system is activated.
sympathetic
You have just eaten a large meal and are now relaxing. Which nervous system will be in control?
parasympathetic
The nerves make up the:
PNS
The brain and spinal cord make up the:
CNS
Functions of the meninges include:
protect brain and spinal cord
protect blood vessels supplying the CNS
contain cerebral spinal fluid
all of the above are functions of the meninges
all of the above are functions of the meninges
This double layered membrane forms partitions in the skull, helps anchor the brain and is leather-like
Dura mater
The innermost of the meninges is very delicate and clings tightly to the brain and spinal cord:
Pia mater
The brain is floating in the watery cerebrospinal fluid. This increases buoyancy which is why the top-heavy brain doesn’t crush the brain stem and spinal cord
T OR F
True
If a needle during a spinal tap, penetrates the Pia Mater, what could be damaged?
Spinal cord
Cerebrospinal fluid is filtered from blood plasma. After circulating through the CNS, it ultimately returns to the blood via the:
Arachnoid villi
The motor division of the nervous system, which carries information away from the CNS, is also known as:
efferent
The dorsal or posterior horn contains:
sensory neurons
Motor tracts:
are carrying information down the spinal cord
The anterior or ventral horns contain:
motor neurons
The ridges of brain tissue of the cerebrum are known as:
Gyri
In the movie, You, Me & Dupree, Dupree becomes a motivational speaker who talks about finding your inner “ness”. For instance he found his inner “Dupree-ness”-his personality. This structural & functional area is located in the:
Cerebrum
These lobes are involved in processing vision information:
Occipital
A person falls and hits the back of their head, and now has difficulty with vision (or is “seeing stars”). Which lobes have been injured?
Occipital
Regulation of body temperature, heart rate, food intake, water intake, and blood pressure are functions of this region of the diencephalon:
Hypothalamus
Region of the diencephalon that contains the pineal gland:
Epithalamus
The corpus callosum is an example of this type of tract, and connects the right cerebral hemisphere with the left cerebral hemisphere:
commissural tract
White matter of the CNS consists of tracts which function like:
high-speed rail systems
Another term for visceral is:
autonomic
involuntary
both a & b
neither a nor b
both a & b
Given the mneumonic “same dave” where “Same” represents sensory/afferent and motor/efferent and “Dave” represents dorsal/afferent and ventral/efferent, select the best pairing:
Answers:
sensory neurons are in the dorsal spinal cord
sensory neurons are in the ventral spinal cord
motor neurons are in the dorsal spinal cord
motor neurons are in the ventral spinal cord
both a & d are correct
both b & c are correct
both a & d are correct
The cerebellum plays a role in:
all of the above
Answers:
maintaining posture
maintaining balance
coordinating movements
normal walking gait
all of the above
all of the above
The white matter of the cerebellum is known as the:
Arbor vitae
If a person is in a coma, their reticular activating system is not working properly.
T OR F
True
The reticular activating system works to mentally alert us, even waking us from a deep sleep if necessary.
T OR F
True
The hippocampus and amygdala are portions of the limbic system.
T OR F
True
The sense of smell sends information to the limbic system and so odors are linked to emotions.
T OR F
True
This portion of the brainstem acts as a “bridge” allowing messages to travel between the brain and the spinal cord:
Pons
The sacral plexus gives off the sciatic nerve and supplies innervation to the majority of the:
interneuron
What is the purpose of the flexor reflex?
to remove a body part from potential injury
Reflexes are voluntarily controlled.
T OR F
True
Based on your reading, the baroreceptor reflex could activate which nervous system to change blood pressure?
sympathetic, raise blood pressure
parasympathetic. lower blood pressure
sympathetic, lower blood pressure
parasympathetic, raise blood pressure
both a & b
both c & d
both a & b
An area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve is known as a:
dermatome
All spinal nerves are mixed nerves, carrying both sensory and motor information.
T OR F
True
All that other “stuff” (nerves) that isn’t the brain and spinal cord:
PNS
The best way to describe a dermatome innervated by a nerve is a _____.
horizontal slice
You just rolled your eyes while reading this question. How many cranial nerves innervate the muscles of the eye allowing this action to occur?
3
When the Doctor hits your patellar ligament with the neuro-hammer to test reflexes, which major nerve allows you to kick?
Femoral
This nerve causes constriction of the pupil, in addition to stimulating muscles that move the eyeball:
Oculomotor (III)
This cranial nerve is motor to the muscles of facial expression. If it is damaged, the person would not be able to smile.
Facial nerve (VII)
Cranial nerve I, which is sensory for smell, is known as the:
Olfactory nerve
This cranial nerve is sensory for hearing and balance:
VIII (Vestibulocochlear)
Which nerves control muscles that move the eyeball by supplying motor information to the extraocular eye muscles?
III, IV and VI
When multiple anterior rami come together to innervate a common region, a _____ is formed.
Plexus
How many pairs of cervical spinal nerves do we have?
8
The brachial plexus gives off the median nerve and other nerves which supply the:
upper limb
This is the major nerve arising from the cervical plexus and it supplies the muscle of respiration (the diaphragm):
Phrenic nerve
The sacral plexus gives off the sciatic nerve and supplies innervation to the majority of the:
lower limb
For a sensation to occur, some form of stimulus must contact or stimulate a sensory receptor.
T OR F
True
Which of the following can help the Auditory tube open allowing your ears to pop at high altitudes:
chewing gum
yawning
swallowing hard
all of the above
all of the above
Stick your finger in the hole in your ear. You are entering the:
External auditory meatus
Gently rubbing the back of your hand is _____ while pushing on the back of your hand is _____.
light touch, touch pressure
The receptor organ for hearing, found in the cochlea, is known as the:
Organ of Corti
The cranial nerve that carries the sound information to the brain is the:
Vestibulocochlear nerve
:
The receptors for smell are also known as:
Olfactory receptor cells
The receptors involved in taste and smell are classified as:
chemoreceptors
The crista ampullaris in the semicircular canals are involved in _____ equilibrium.
dynamic
The vestibule is involved in _____ equilibrium.
static
Where are the receptors for the special senses found?
the head
This portion of the inner ear is involved in hearing:
Cochlea
These are both found in the outer ear:
Pinna and External auditory canal
The structure we commonly call “the ear”, which directs sound waves to the external auditory meatus and canal is the:
Pinna
These cells are the photoreceptors and are found in the layer of the retina closest to the choroid:
Rods and Cones
According to the reading, if the aqueous humor is over produced or not draining properly, too much pressure build up in the anterior segment. This causes the disease called:
glaucoma
This hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland causes water to be returned to the blood rather than being lost in the urine. In other words, it “saves water”.
ADH
Some hormones released by the hypothalamus (like somatostatin or dopamine) will prevent the production of anterior pituitary hormones.
T OR F
True
This hormone from the hypothalamus causes the anterior pituitary gland to release TSH:
TRH
This hormone from the beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas acts to lower blood glucose levels:
insulin
Which of the following hormones is released from the alpha cells of the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas and acts to raise blood glucose levels?
glucagon
Which hormone acts to lower blood calcium levels by causing calcium to be deposited into bones?
calcitonin
Which hormone acts to raise blood calcium levels by causing calcium to be removed from bones, increasing calcium absorption and reabsorption?
parathyroid hormone
The chemicals used by the nervous system to quickly carry messages are known as:
neurotransmitters
The thyroid gland produces hormones that control our metabolic rate.
T OR F
True
Releasing hormones produced by the hypothalamus are like _____ which are actually good for regulation of the hormone levels.
middle-men
We eat a meal rich in yummy carbohydrates. The following occurs in our body:
we increase glucose uptake into our cells
The hormone from the adrenal cortex that “saves Na+ and loses K+”, resulting in increased blood Na+ and decreased blood K+ levels:
aldosterone
The adrenal glands are found superior to the kidneys.
T OR F
True
This type of gland releases hormones into the blood and do NOT have ducts:
endocrine
Growth of bones and muscles is controlled by:
HGH
These 2 hormones from the anterior pituitary gland influences the gonads (ovaries and testes) to cause the production of sperm and egg and also reproductive hormones:
FSH and LH
This hormone from the thyroid gland acts to strengthen bones as it causes calcium deposition into bone, resulting in a decrease in blood calcium levels:
calcitonin
Both hormones of the endocrine system and neurotransmitters of the nervous system communicate messages throughout the body to maintain homeostasis.
T OR F
True
Calcium is needed for proper nerve and muscle function, as well as for strong bones.
T OR F
True
You forgot to eat breakfast, what hormone comes to your rescue to give you sugar for ATP stores until lunch time?
glucagon
Some hormones released by the hypothalamus (like somatostatin or dopamine) will prevent the production of anterior pituitary hormones.
T OR F
True
This hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland causes contractions of the uterus during childbirth and menstruation:
Oxytocin
This hormone from the hypothalamus causes the anterior pituitary gland to release TSH:
TRH
These types of chemical messengers are carried by the blood to a distant site where they will exert their action. They work by first binding to the receptors on target cells.
hormones
This hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to chronic, long-term stress. It acts to increase blood sugar levels and decrease the inflammatory response:
cortisol
Some hormones help regulate calcium balance.
T OR F
True
The “resting and digesting” nervous system:
parasympathetic
CSF that is around the brain is found in the:
Subarachnoid space
Identify this component of the nervous system serving as the integration center.
brain
The outermost of the meninges, which is a tough membrane:
Dura mater
Which portion of the reflex arc is found entirely in the CNS?
interneuron
You are almost done with this quiz and resort to sticking your tongue out at the screen. Which cranial nerve carries the motor information enabling this action to occur?
Hypoglossal
All spinal nerves are mixed nerves, carrying both sensory and motor information.
T OR F
True
L1 is considered a:
Lumbar spinal nerve
This nerve, which emerges from the lumbar plexus, supplies innervation to the anterior thigh region:
Femoral nerve
An area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve is known as a:
dermatome
How many pairs of spinal nerves do we have?
31 pairs
White matter contains:
myelinated axons
This deep groove separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres:
Longitudinal fissure
The gray matter of the brain contains:
cell bodies and dendrites
The ridges of brain tissue of the cerebrum are known as:
Gyri
The reticular activating system works to mentally alert us, even waking us from a deep sleep if necessary.
T OR F
True
The region of the diencephalon that is directly connected to the pituitary gland and controls the pituitary gland:
Hypothalamus
This portion of the brainstem acts as a “bridge” allowing messages to travel between the brain and the spinal cord:
Pons
Within the nervous system, which way is sensory information carried?
to the CNS
The outermost layer of the wall of the eye, consisting of the sclera and the cornea, is the:
Fibrous tunic
This structure is the reason sore throats can become middle ear infections, especially in children:
Auditory tube
This gel-like material fills the posterior segment and helps to hold the retina in place:
vitreous humor
The snail like structure in the inner ear that contains fluid and the receptor organ for hearing is the:
Cochlea
What happens for far vision?
Pupils dilate
Lens get flatter
Ciliary muscles relax
All of the above
All of the above
Your ears “pop” when we travel to higher or change altitudes. This is due to air pressure escaping the middle ear through the _____ _____ to let the tympanic membrane snap back to position.
Auditory tube
The bending of light rays to bring them together at the retina is known as:
refraction
These cells are the photoreceptors and are found in the layer of the retina closest to the choroid:
Rods and Cones
The structure we commonly call “the ear”, which directs sound waves to the external auditory meatus and canal is the:
Pinna
What is the pupil?
a hole in the center of the iris
