Unit 5 & 6 Exam Flashcards
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood in the systemic capillaries and the tissue cells is known as:
Internal respiration
At the alveoli, oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the respiratory membrane, which is a very thin membrane with a large surface area.
T OR F
True
Which way does oxygen diffuse during internal respiration?
from the blood of the systemic capillaries into the tissue cells
This part of the pharynx is posterior to the nasal cavity, serves as a passageway for air only, and houses the adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils) and opening of the auditory tube:
Nasopharynx
This structure is commonly called the “throat”:
Pharynx
This portion of the pharynx contains the palatine tonsils and allows for the passage of air and food:
Oropharynx
The respiratory system aids in speech production, also known as:
Phonation
A function of our respiratory system is to regulate blood pH. This is accomplished by exhaling Carbon dioxide and is important because too much Carbon dioxide can make our blood:
acidic
At about the level of the 5th thoracic vertebra, the trachea branches into the right and left bronchi at an area known as the:
Carina
The diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity in this process:
Inhalation
Which is true of the volume and pressure changes that occur with inhalation?
Volume increases and pressure decreases
Which of the following is the main way oxygen is transported in the blood?
bound to hemoglobin
Where does the carbon dioxide in our blood come from?
it is produced by cells during cellular respiration
Pressure builds up in the middle ear as you ascend in an airplane. Fortunately, this pressure is relieved when the Auditory tube or Eustachian tube opens leading to a “pop” of the tympanic membrane. This is due to the anatomy of the Auditory/Eustachian tube connecting to both the outer and inner ear.
T OR F
False
While practicing yoga, I concentrate of my breathing. As I breathe in, I feel my chest _____, to bring _____ into the body.
expand, Oxygen
I’m having trouble finishing the quiz. As a (healthy?) source of inspiration, I just drank “one bourbon, one scotch and one beer” while listening to the George Thorogood song of the same name. While chugging the beer, I choked on the last swallow. What anatomical structure can I blame my choking?
Epiglottis
absorption
Both Oxygen and Carbon dioxide are much more fat soluble than water soluble. Therefore both Oxygen and Carbon dioxide are primarily transported in the plasma portion of blood.
T OR F
False
The movement of monomers across from the lumen of the digestive tract and into the blood or lymphatic vessels is the function of the digestive tract known as:
absorption
This substance, produced by the liver, acts to emulsify fats:
bile
The action of the enzyme pepsin allows for the chemical digestion of which nutrient in the stomach?
protein
An enzyme from the pancreas that digests carbohydrates is:
Amylase
Proteins are large molecules which are chemically digested to:
Amino acids
The opening within the alimentary canal, through which the food is traveling, is the:
Lumen
Enzymes within the digestive tract break down larger polymers like proteins into smaller subunit monomers. This function of the digestive tract is known as:
chemical digestion
The major digestive and absorptive organ, involved in the chemical digestion of all nutrients is the:
Small intestine
The 3 portions of the small intestine are:
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
(dji
Boyle’s law states that the pressure of a gas varies inversely with volume. This means that if the volume goes up, the pressure will go down. Why is this important here?
As we breathe, we are creating volume changes in the thoracic cavity and lungs, which are then causing pressure changes and causing air to flow
Which is true of the volume and pressure changes that occur with inhalation?
Volume increases and pressure decreases
The site of gas exchange, in which oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves the blood to be exhaled, is the:
Alveoli
Which way does oxygen diffuse during internal respiration?
from the blood of the systemic capillaries into the tissue cells
Which of the following is the main way carbon dioxide is transported in the blood?
in the form of bicarbonate
This part of the pharynx is posterior to the nasal cavity, serves as a passageway for air only, and houses the adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils) and opening of the auditory tube:
Nasopharynx
The respiratory system aids in speech production, also known as:
Phonation
The goblet cells in the pseudostratified epithelium produce _____ which traps particles and pathogens to prevent them from entering the lower respiratory tract.
Mucus
This exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood of the pulmonary capillaries and the alveoli is known as:
External respiration
The functional unit of the kidney is known as a:
Nephron
This tube carries urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder:
Ureter
The renal pyramids, as well as some nephrons, are found in this inner region of the kidney:
Renal medulla
A person has a respiratory disorder and so isn’t breathing sufficiently, causing a build up of carbon dioxide in their blood. As a result, their blood is becoming:
acidic
pH is a measure of H+ in a solution. A pH of 1 or 2 would indicate:
an acidic solution, with a lot of H+
This portion of the nephron is a ball of capillaries through which blood passes:
Glomerulus
When would ADH be released?
when a person is dehydrated
The urinary bladder can stretch to accommodate filling with urine because of this tissue that lines the bladder:
Transitional epithelium
These small blood vessels are found surrounding the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron:
Peritubular capillaries
Which is true of acids?
they have lots of H+ and so can donate or add H+ to a solution
This branch off of the abdominal aorta supplies oxygenated blood to the kidneys:
Renal artery
How many ova are formed from one parent cell?
1
This is the single erectile column that surrounds the urethra and forms the glans penis:
Corpus spongiosum
On average, how long is the menstrual cycle?
28 days
The corpus luteum on the ovary secretes this hormone during the latter portion of the ovarian cycle (luteal phase):
progesterone
Where does spermatogenesis occur?
Seminiferous tubules in the testes
The site of fertilization is the:
ampulla of the fallopian tube
Release of the secondary oocyte from the ovary is known as:
ovulation
