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Human Anatomy > Unit 5 & 6 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 5 & 6 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood in the systemic capillaries and the tissue cells is known as:

A

Internal respiration

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2
Q

At the alveoli, oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the respiratory membrane, which is a very thin membrane with a large surface area.

T OR F

A

True

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3
Q

Which way does oxygen diffuse during internal respiration?

A

from the blood of the systemic capillaries into the tissue cells

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4
Q

This part of the pharynx is posterior to the nasal cavity, serves as a passageway for air only, and houses the adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils) and opening of the auditory tube:

A

Nasopharynx

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5
Q

This structure is commonly called the “throat”:

A

Pharynx

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6
Q

This portion of the pharynx contains the palatine tonsils and allows for the passage of air and food:

A

Oropharynx

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7
Q

The respiratory system aids in speech production, also known as:

A

Phonation

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8
Q

A function of our respiratory system is to regulate blood pH. This is accomplished by exhaling Carbon dioxide and is important because too much Carbon dioxide can make our blood:

A

acidic

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9
Q

At about the level of the 5th thoracic vertebra, the trachea branches into the right and left bronchi at an area known as the:

A

Carina

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10
Q

The diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity in this process:

A

Inhalation

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11
Q

Which is true of the volume and pressure changes that occur with inhalation?

A

Volume increases and pressure decreases

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12
Q

Which of the following is the main way oxygen is transported in the blood?

A

bound to hemoglobin

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13
Q

Where does the carbon dioxide in our blood come from?

A

it is produced by cells during cellular respiration

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14
Q

Pressure builds up in the middle ear as you ascend in an airplane. Fortunately, this pressure is relieved when the Auditory tube or Eustachian tube opens leading to a “pop” of the tympanic membrane. This is due to the anatomy of the Auditory/Eustachian tube connecting to both the outer and inner ear.

T OR F

A

False

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15
Q

While practicing yoga, I concentrate of my breathing. As I breathe in, I feel my chest _____, to bring _____ into the body.

A

expand, Oxygen

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16
Q

I’m having trouble finishing the quiz. As a (healthy?) source of inspiration, I just drank “one bourbon, one scotch and one beer” while listening to the George Thorogood song of the same name. While chugging the beer, I choked on the last swallow. What anatomical structure can I blame my choking?

A

Epiglottis

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17
Q

absorption

Both Oxygen and Carbon dioxide are much more fat soluble than water soluble. Therefore both Oxygen and Carbon dioxide are primarily transported in the plasma portion of blood.

T OR F

A

False

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18
Q

The movement of monomers across from the lumen of the digestive tract and into the blood or lymphatic vessels is the function of the digestive tract known as:

A

absorption

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19
Q

This substance, produced by the liver, acts to emulsify fats:

A

bile

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20
Q

The action of the enzyme pepsin allows for the chemical digestion of which nutrient in the stomach?

A

protein

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21
Q

An enzyme from the pancreas that digests carbohydrates is:

A

Amylase

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22
Q

Proteins are large molecules which are chemically digested to:

A

Amino acids

23
Q

The opening within the alimentary canal, through which the food is traveling, is the:

A

Lumen

24
Q

Enzymes within the digestive tract break down larger polymers like proteins into smaller subunit monomers. This function of the digestive tract is known as:

A

chemical digestion

25
Q

The major digestive and absorptive organ, involved in the chemical digestion of all nutrients is the:

A

Small intestine

26
Q

The 3 portions of the small intestine are:

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

(dji

27
Q

Boyle’s law states that the pressure of a gas varies inversely with volume. This means that if the volume goes up, the pressure will go down. Why is this important here?

A

As we breathe, we are creating volume changes in the thoracic cavity and lungs, which are then causing pressure changes and causing air to flow

28
Q

Which is true of the volume and pressure changes that occur with inhalation?

A

Volume increases and pressure decreases

29
Q

The site of gas exchange, in which oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves the blood to be exhaled, is the:

A

Alveoli

30
Q

Which way does oxygen diffuse during internal respiration?

A

from the blood of the systemic capillaries into the tissue cells

31
Q

Which of the following is the main way carbon dioxide is transported in the blood?

A

in the form of bicarbonate

32
Q

This part of the pharynx is posterior to the nasal cavity, serves as a passageway for air only, and houses the adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils) and opening of the auditory tube:

A

Nasopharynx

33
Q

The respiratory system aids in speech production, also known as:

A

Phonation

34
Q

The goblet cells in the pseudostratified epithelium produce _____ which traps particles and pathogens to prevent them from entering the lower respiratory tract.

A

Mucus

35
Q

This exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood of the pulmonary capillaries and the alveoli is known as:

A

External respiration

36
Q

The functional unit of the kidney is known as a:

A

Nephron

37
Q

This tube carries urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder:

A

Ureter

38
Q

The renal pyramids, as well as some nephrons, are found in this inner region of the kidney:

A

Renal medulla

39
Q

A person has a respiratory disorder and so isn’t breathing sufficiently, causing a build up of carbon dioxide in their blood. As a result, their blood is becoming:

A

acidic

40
Q

pH is a measure of H+ in a solution. A pH of 1 or 2 would indicate:

A

an acidic solution, with a lot of H+

41
Q

This portion of the nephron is a ball of capillaries through which blood passes:

A

Glomerulus

42
Q

When would ADH be released?

A

when a person is dehydrated

43
Q

The urinary bladder can stretch to accommodate filling with urine because of this tissue that lines the bladder:

A

Transitional epithelium

44
Q

These small blood vessels are found surrounding the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron:

A

Peritubular capillaries

45
Q

Which is true of acids?

A

they have lots of H+ and so can donate or add H+ to a solution

46
Q

This branch off of the abdominal aorta supplies oxygenated blood to the kidneys:

A

Renal artery

47
Q

How many ova are formed from one parent cell?

A

1

48
Q

This is the single erectile column that surrounds the urethra and forms the glans penis:

A

Corpus spongiosum

49
Q

On average, how long is the menstrual cycle?

A

28 days

50
Q

The corpus luteum on the ovary secretes this hormone during the latter portion of the ovarian cycle (luteal phase):

A

progesterone

51
Q

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

A

Seminiferous tubules in the testes

52
Q

The site of fertilization is the:

A

ampulla of the fallopian tube

53
Q

Release of the secondary oocyte from the ovary is known as:

A

ovulation

54
Q
A

Human Anatomy (5 decks)

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