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human anatomy > Unit One Exam > Flashcards

Unit One Exam Flashcards

1
Q

The knee is _____ to the ankle.

A

proximal

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2
Q

The groin is known as the _____ region.

A

inguinal

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3
Q

The diaphragm in relation to the abdominal region.

A

superior

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4
Q

Collagen fibers running in one direction make random tendons and ligaments strong in one direction and are characteristic of this type of dense connective tissue.

A

dense regular

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5
Q

The strongest cartilage type, is found in the knee joint and between the vertebrae.

A

fibrocartilage

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6
Q

Most homeostatic mechanisms work by using positive feedback. T OR F

A

False????

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7
Q

Negative feedback mechanisms are the primary types of mechanisms we use to maintain homeostasis. In these, the output will act to:

A

act to reverse or shut off the stimulus

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8
Q

Which system(s) forms the communication or “feedback” loops to maintain homeostasis?

A

endocrine system & nervous system

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9
Q

This passive transport process uses carrier molecules in the membrane to transport large substances, like glucose, from high concentration to low concentration.

A

facilitated diffusion

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10
Q

Identify small, lipid soluble molecules passively diffusing across the cell membrane.

A

oxygen, steroids, alcohol, carbon dioxide

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11
Q

This simple epithelial tissue consists of cells that vary in height and is found lining the upper respiratory tract.

A

pseudostratified epithelium

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12
Q

Where is epithelial tissue found?

A

covering body surfaces & lining body cavities

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13
Q

These membranes line freely moveable joints and secret a fluid that lubricates the bone ends as they move:

A

synovial membranes

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14
Q

These membranes are commonly known as your skin.

A

cutaneous membrane.

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15
Q

These membranes line body cavities that open to the outside, like the digestive tract.

A

mucous membranes

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16
Q

Goblet cells produce:

A

mucus

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17
Q

The universal reference position of the body is:

A

anatomical position

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18
Q

Every structure in the human body can be categorized into one of these types in the body.

A

epithelium, connective, muscle, nervous

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19
Q

If blood glucose is low, what must the body do to return to homeostasis?

A

release a hormone (glucagon) which acts to raise blood glucose levels

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20
Q

A person just ate a bag of salty chips causing blood sodium (Na+) levels to rise. What must the body do to return to homeostasis?

A

release a hormone (ANF) which causes the kidneys to excrete sodium

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21
Q

If blood pressure is high, what must the body do to return to homeostasis?

A

lower heart rate, which acts to lower the blood pressure

22
Q

You have been working outside in the heat, causing your body temperature to rise. As a result, you start sweating in an attempt to cool down. This is an example of a:

A

negative feedback mechanism

23
Q

Identify this primary tissue which conducts electrical impulses and can not regenerate.

A

nervous tissue

24
Q

The actual nerve cells are known as:

A

neurons

25
Q

Large of solid material is moved into cells, as when immune cells engulf bacteria, in the process known as:

A

phagocytosis

26
Q

In this form of bulk transport, fluid, and dissolved solutes are taken into the cell as the plasma membrane surrounds them and forms a vesicle that migrates inward.

A

pinocytosis

27
Q

What are tissues?

A

are composed of specialized cells, have similar structures, perform a common function of the body

28
Q

You are sweating on a warm day. Identify the fluid lost as sweat.

A

extracellular fluid

29
Q

The fluid found in the tissue space, around cells is known as:

A

interstitial fluid

30
Q

Which of the following is true of anatomy & physiology?

A

anatomy is the study of the structure of the human body, and physiology is the study of the function of body systems, and structure determines function

31
Q

Homeostasis requires constant communication between body systems to maintain balance. T OR F

A

True

32
Q

The middle lining of the stomach is composed of this type of muscle tissue.

A

smooth

33
Q

This primary tissue is excitable and has the unique ability to shorten or contract.

A

Muscular Tissue

34
Q

Non-living component outside the cells of connective tissue.

A

collagen protein fibers, and elastic protein fibers, reticular protein fibers, and gel-like or fluid-ground substance

35
Q

The extracellular matrix of connective tissue can be composed of:

A

protein fibers & ground substance

36
Q

Water moves from where there is more water to where there is less water.

A

True

37
Q

What happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?

A

no change in the cell

38
Q

Solutions that cause no change in cells are known as:

A

isotonic

39
Q

Sending a simple message from your brain to your toes could be a pathway of a:

A

motor neuron

40
Q

The return of the membrane potential to its original charge, through the movement of potassium out of the neuron, occurs in:

A

repolarization

41
Q

What makes the voltage-gated channels open?

A

a change in voltage (to threshold)

42
Q

The traveling of the action potential down the axon is known as propagation or:

A

conduction??

43
Q

The ciliated linings of the bronchiolar system leading into the lungs are composed of this type of epithelium.

A

pseudostratified columnar

44
Q

This single layer of rectangular cells is found lining the gastrointestinal tract.

A

Simple columnar epithelia

45
Q

You are required to do a health screening to work in a hospital. You go to Radiology, and stand upright in front of an X-ray machine to take a radiograph of your chest. This is an example of which body plane:

A

frontal/coronal

46
Q

the lungs are found in what body cavity

A

pleural cavities

47
Q

This material surrounds the axon and allows the nerve messages to travel faster down the axons.

A

myelin

48
Q

This portion of the neuron is the generating and conducting component, which initiates the nerve impulses.

A

axon

49
Q

Identify the forms of passive transport.

A

Simple Diffusion.
Facilitated Diffusion.
Filtration.
Osmosis.

50
Q

Which of the following is/are true of passive transport?

A

substances move down a concentration gradient & no energy is required for transport

human anatomy (5 decks)

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