Unit One Exam Flashcards
The knee is _____ to the ankle.
proximal
The groin is known as the _____ region.
inguinal
The diaphragm in relation to the abdominal region.
superior
Collagen fibers running in one direction make random tendons and ligaments strong in one direction and are characteristic of this type of dense connective tissue.
dense regular
The strongest cartilage type, is found in the knee joint and between the vertebrae.
fibrocartilage
Most homeostatic mechanisms work by using positive feedback. T OR F
False????
Negative feedback mechanisms are the primary types of mechanisms we use to maintain homeostasis. In these, the output will act to:
act to reverse or shut off the stimulus
Which system(s) forms the communication or “feedback” loops to maintain homeostasis?
endocrine system & nervous system
This passive transport process uses carrier molecules in the membrane to transport large substances, like glucose, from high concentration to low concentration.
facilitated diffusion
Identify small, lipid soluble molecules passively diffusing across the cell membrane.
oxygen, steroids, alcohol, carbon dioxide
This simple epithelial tissue consists of cells that vary in height and is found lining the upper respiratory tract.
pseudostratified epithelium
Where is epithelial tissue found?
covering body surfaces & lining body cavities
These membranes line freely moveable joints and secret a fluid that lubricates the bone ends as they move:
synovial membranes
These membranes are commonly known as your skin.
cutaneous membrane.
These membranes line body cavities that open to the outside, like the digestive tract.
mucous membranes
Goblet cells produce:
mucus
The universal reference position of the body is:
anatomical position
Every structure in the human body can be categorized into one of these types in the body.
epithelium, connective, muscle, nervous
If blood glucose is low, what must the body do to return to homeostasis?
release a hormone (glucagon) which acts to raise blood glucose levels
A person just ate a bag of salty chips causing blood sodium (Na+) levels to rise. What must the body do to return to homeostasis?
release a hormone (ANF) which causes the kidneys to excrete sodium
If blood pressure is high, what must the body do to return to homeostasis?
lower heart rate, which acts to lower the blood pressure
You have been working outside in the heat, causing your body temperature to rise. As a result, you start sweating in an attempt to cool down. This is an example of a:
negative feedback mechanism
Identify this primary tissue which conducts electrical impulses and can not regenerate.
nervous tissue
The actual nerve cells are known as:
neurons
Large of solid material is moved into cells, as when immune cells engulf bacteria, in the process known as:
phagocytosis
In this form of bulk transport, fluid, and dissolved solutes are taken into the cell as the plasma membrane surrounds them and forms a vesicle that migrates inward.
pinocytosis
What are tissues?
are composed of specialized cells, have similar structures, perform a common function of the body
You are sweating on a warm day. Identify the fluid lost as sweat.
extracellular fluid
The fluid found in the tissue space, around cells is known as:
interstitial fluid
Which of the following is true of anatomy & physiology?
anatomy is the study of the structure of the human body, and physiology is the study of the function of body systems, and structure determines function
Homeostasis requires constant communication between body systems to maintain balance. T OR F
True
The middle lining of the stomach is composed of this type of muscle tissue.
smooth
This primary tissue is excitable and has the unique ability to shorten or contract.
Muscular Tissue
Non-living component outside the cells of connective tissue.
collagen protein fibers, and elastic protein fibers, reticular protein fibers, and gel-like or fluid-ground substance
The extracellular matrix of connective tissue can be composed of:
protein fibers & ground substance
Water moves from where there is more water to where there is less water.
True
What happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?
no change in the cell
Solutions that cause no change in cells are known as:
isotonic
Sending a simple message from your brain to your toes could be a pathway of a:
motor neuron
The return of the membrane potential to its original charge, through the movement of potassium out of the neuron, occurs in:
repolarization
What makes the voltage-gated channels open?
a change in voltage (to threshold)
The traveling of the action potential down the axon is known as propagation or:
conduction??
The ciliated linings of the bronchiolar system leading into the lungs are composed of this type of epithelium.
pseudostratified columnar
This single layer of rectangular cells is found lining the gastrointestinal tract.
Simple columnar epithelia
You are required to do a health screening to work in a hospital. You go to Radiology, and stand upright in front of an X-ray machine to take a radiograph of your chest. This is an example of which body plane:
frontal/coronal
the lungs are found in what body cavity
pleural cavities
This material surrounds the axon and allows the nerve messages to travel faster down the axons.
myelin
This portion of the neuron is the generating and conducting component, which initiates the nerve impulses.
axon
Identify the forms of passive transport.
Simple Diffusion.
Facilitated Diffusion.
Filtration.
Osmosis.
Which of the following is/are true of passive transport?
substances move down a concentration gradient & no energy is required for transport
