Unit Three: Enzymes 🧪

Question 1

what are enzymes?

Answer 1

proteins made by all living cells that speed ups the rate of chemical reactions

Question 2

what’s the substrate?

Answer 2

the molecule that the enzyme reacts with

Question 3

what’s the active site?

Answer 3

the part of the enzyme that the substrate fits into

Question 4

what is enzyme speficity?

Answer 4

every enzyme will only react with certain substances (only ones that fit their active site)

Question 5

what happens when an enzyme is denatured?

Answer 5

when the active site has changed shape (as a result of high temperatures etc) and can no longer react with substrate

Question 6

what is a thermostable enzyme?

Answer 6

enzymes that can work at high temperatures, different PH etc, and not become denatured

Question 7

what are catabolic enzymes?

Answer 7

enzymes which break bigger molecules down into smaller ones (important in the digestive system)

Question 8

what are anabolic enzymes?

Answer 8

enzymes which build up large molecules from smaller ones

Question 9

what does the enzyme carbohydrase break down?

Answer 9

carbohydrate

Question 10

what is the product of carbohydrate being broken down by carbohydrase?

Answer 10

Glucose / simple sugars

Question 11

what does the enzyme amylase break down?

Answer 11

Starch

Question 12

what is the product of starch being broken down by amylase?

Answer 12

Glucose

Question 13

what breaks down protein?

Answer 13

Protease

Question 14

what is the product of protein being broken down by protease?

Answer 14

amino acids

Question 15

what does lipase break down?

Answer 15

Fat / Lipids

Question 16

what is the product of fat being broken down by lipase?

Answer 16

Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 17

what are molecules that loosely fit into the active site of an enzyme called?

Answer 17

inhibitors

Question 18

what is the rate of enzyme reactions affected by?

Answer 18

Temperature, PH and the concentration of the enzyme

Question 19

are commercial enzymes (biological washing powder for example) thermostable?

Answer 19

yes, as the need to withhold the heat of a washing machine

Question 20

why do biological washing powders contain multiple different enzymes?

Answer 20

food stains are a mixture of substrates so different enzymes will be needed to digest the food molecules

Question 21

what is digestion?

Answer 21

the breakdown of large, complex, insoluble molecules into small, simple, soluble ones

Question 22

what’s ingestion?

Answer 22

food is taken into the mouth

Question 23

what is absorption?

Answer 23

when digested food is released into the bloodstream

Question 24

what is egestion?

Answer 24

when food that can’t be digested goes out of the anus

Question 25

what enzyme is present in the mouth?

Answer 25

amylase

Question 26

what enzyme is present in the stomach?

Answer 26

pepsin (protease)

Question 27

what enzymes are present in the duodenum (small intestine)?

Answer 27

Amylase, Protease and Lipase

Question 28

what enzymes are present in the ileum (large intestine)?

Answer 28

Amylase, Carbohydrase/s, protease and lipase

Question 29

what increases surface area in the ileum?

Answer 29

Villi

Question 30

what is absorbed into the lacteal (villi)

Answer 30

Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 31

what is absorbed into the blood capillary (villi)

Answer 31

glucose and amino acids

Question 32

what does the lymph vessel take t the lymphatic system?

Answer 32

Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 33

what do the folds in the ileum increase?

Answer 33

Surface area

Question 34

what does the length of the ileum increase?

Answer 34

surface area

Question 35

what does the villi in the ileum increase?

Answer 35

surface area

Question 36

what does good blood supply in the ileum do?

Answer 36

Maintains a steep concentration gradient because of the capillaries in each villus

Question 37

how does the thin layer of cells on the villus lead to efficient absorption?

Answer 37

short diffusion distance

Question 38

how does a permeable membrane in the ileum lead to efficient absorption?

Answer 38

allows (digested) molecules to pass through easily